The Effects of Superior Cervical Sympathetic Ganglion Block on the Acute Phase Injury and Long Term Protection against Focal Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats |
Jeon, Hae Young
(Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine)
Joung, Kyoung Woon (Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) Choi, Jae Moon (Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) Kim, Yoo Kyung (Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) Shin, Jin Woo (Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) Leem, Jeong Gill (Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) Han, Sung Min (Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) |
1 | Rami A, Agarwal R, Spahn A: Synergetic effects of caspase 3 and mu-calpain in XIAP-breakdown upon focal cerebral ischemia. Neurochem Res 2007; 32: 2072-9 DOI |
2 | Goyagi T, Kimura T, Nishikawa T, Tobe Y, Masaki Y: Beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists attenuate brain injury after transient focal ischemia in rats. Anesth Analg 2006; 103: 658-63 DOI ScienceOn |
3 | Antier D, Franconi F, Sannajust F: Idazoxan does not prevent but worsens focal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in neonatal Wistar rats. J Neurosci Res 1999; 58: 690-6 DOI ScienceOn |
4 | Harrell LE, Parsons DS, Kolasa K: Pro- and anti-apoptotic evidence for cholinergic denervation and hippocampal sympathetic ingrowth in rat dorsal hippocampus. Exp Neurol 2005; 194: 182-90 DOI ScienceOn |
5 | Gupta MM, Bithal PK, Dash HH, Chaturvedi A, Mahajan RP: Effects of stellate ganglion block on cerebral haemodynamics as assessed by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. Br J Anaesth 2005; 95: 669-73 DOI ScienceOn |
6 | Yokoyama K, Kishida T, Sugiyama K: Stellate ganglion block and regional cerebral blood volume and oxygenation. Can J Anaesth 2004; 51: 515-6 DOI |
7 | Wei L, Ying DJ, Cui L, Langsdorf J, Yu SP: Necrosis, apoptosis and hybrid death in the cortex and thalamus after barrel cortex ischemia in rats. Brain Res 2004; 1022: 54-61 DOI ScienceOn |
8 | Piantadosi CA, Zhang J: Mitochondrial generation of reactive oxygen species after brain ischemia in the rat. Stroke 1996; 27: 327-31 DOI ScienceOn |
9 | Okada Y, Copeland BR, Fitridge R, Koziol JA, del Zoppo GJ: Fibrin contributes to microvascular obstructions and parenchymal changes during early focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. Stroke 1994; 25: 1847-53 DOI ScienceOn |
10 | Michel P: Introduction to stroke and its management. Cerebrovasc Dis 2003; 15(Suppl 2): 1-10 |
11 | Lukic-Panin V, Kamiya T, Zhang H, Hayashi T, Tsuchiya A, Sehara Y, et al: Prevention of neuronal damage by calcium channel blockers with antioxidative effects after transient focal ischemia in rats. Brain Res 2007; 1176: 143-50 DOI ScienceOn |
12 | Hamel E: Perivascular nerves and the regulation of cerebrovascular tone. J Appl Physiol 2006; 100: 1059-64 DOI ScienceOn |
13 | Treggiari MM, Romand JA, Martin JB, Reverdin A, Rüfenacht DA, de Tribolet N: Cervical sympathetic block to reverse delayed ischemic neurological deficits after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke 2003; 34: 961-7 DOI ScienceOn |
14 | Cassaglia PA, Griffiths RI, Walker AM: Sympathetic nerve activity in the superior cervical ganglia increases in response to imposed increases in arterial pressure. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2008; 294: R1255-61 DOI |
15 | Kim HH, Leem JG, Shin JW, Shim JY, Lee DM: Superior cervical sympathetic ganglion block may not influence early brain damage induced by permanent focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Korean J Pain 2008; 21: 33-7 DOI ScienceOn |
16 | Umeyama T, Kugimiya T, Ogawa T, Kandori Y, Ishizuka A, Hanaoka K: Changes in cerebral blood flow estimated after stellate ganglion block by single photon emission computed tomography. J Auton Nerv Syst 1995; 50: 339-46 DOI ScienceOn |
17 | Dormer KJ, Foreman RD, Ohata CA: Fastigial nucleus stimulation and excitatory spinal sympathetic activity in dog. Am J Physiol 1982; 243: R25-33 |
18 | Zhang R, Levine BD: Autonomic ganglionic blockade does not prevent reduction in cerebral blood flow velocity during orthostasis in humans. Stroke 2007; 38: 1238-44 DOI ScienceOn |
19 | Bederson JB, Pitts LH, Tsuji M, Nishimura MC, Davis RL, Bartkowski H: Rat middle cerebral artery occlusion: evaluation of the model and development of a neurologic examination. Stroke 1986; 17: 472-6 DOI ScienceOn |
20 | Schatlo B, Pluta RM: Clinical applications of transcranial Doppler sonography. Rev Recent Clin Trials 2007; 2: 49-57 DOI |
21 | White BC, Sullivan JM, DeGracia DJ, O'Neil BJ, Neumar RW, Grossman LI, et al: Brain ischemia and reperfusion: molecular mechanisms of neuronal injury. J Neurol Sci 2000; 179: 1-33 DOI ScienceOn |
22 | Edvinsson L, Nielsen KC, Owman C, West KA: Evidence of vasoconstrictor sympathetic nerves in brain vessels of mice. Neurology 1973; 23: 73-7 DOI |
23 | Gotoh F, Fukuuchi Y, Amano T, Tanaka K, Uematsu D, Suzuki N, et al: Comparison between pial and intraparenchymal vascular responses to cervical sympathetic stimulation in cats. Part 1. Under normal resting conditions. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1986; 6: 342-7 DOI |
24 | Culmsee C, Junker V, Kremers W, Thal S, Plesnila N, Krieglstein J: Combination therapy in ischemic stroke: synergistic neuroprotective effects of memantine and clenbuterol. Stroke 2004; 35: 1197-202 DOI ScienceOn |
25 | Lee AR, Yoon MO, Kim HH, Choi JM, Jeon HY, Shin JW, et al: Effect of superior cervical sympathetic ganglion block on brain injury induced by focal cerebral ischemia/ reperfusion in a rat model. Korean J Pain 2007; 20: 83-91 DOI ScienceOn |
26 | Paulson OB, Strandgaard S, Edvinsson L: Cerebral autoregulation. Cerebrovasc Brain Metab Rev 1990; 2: 161-92 |
27 | Tuor UI: Local distribution of the effects of sympathetic stimulation on cerebral blood flow in the rat. Brain Res 1990; 529: 224-31 DOI ScienceOn |
28 | Morrish W, Grahovac S, Douen A, Cheung G, Hu W, Farb R, et al: Intracranial hemorrhage after stenting and angioplasty of extracranial carotid stenosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2000; 21: 1911-6 |
29 | Amantea D, Spagnuolo P, Bari M, Fezza F, Mazzei C, Tassorelli C, et al: Modulation of the endocannabinoid system by focal brain ischemia in the rat is involved in neuroprotection afforded by 17beta-estradiol. FEBS J 2007; 274: 4464-775 DOI ScienceOn |
30 | Golanov EV, Zhou P: Neurogenic neuroprotection. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2003; 23: 651-63 DOI ScienceOn |
31 | Abumiya T, Lucero J, Heo JH, Tagaya M, Koziol JA, Copeland BR, et al: Activated microvessels express vascular endothelial growth factor and integrin alpha(v)beta3 during focal cerebral ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1999; 19: 1038-50 DOI |
32 | Arbab MA, Wiklund L, Svendgaard NA: Origin and distribution of cerebral vascular innervation from superior cervical, trigeminal and spinal ganglia investigated with retrograde and anterograde WGA-HRP tracing in the rat. Neuroscience 1986; 19: 695-708 DOI ScienceOn |
33 | Reis DJ, Golanov EV, Galea E, Feinstein DL: Central neurogenic neuroprotection: central neural systems that protect the brain from hypoxia and ischemia. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1997; 835: 168-86 DOI |