• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.26-42
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• 2018

Today incorporation of natural ingredients as inorganic phosphate replacers has come into prominence as a novel research topic due to health concerns about phosphates. In this study, we aimed to investigate the quality of emulsified chicken meatballs produced with Jerusalem artichoke powder (JAP), either alone or in combination with sodium carbonate (SC) as sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) replacers. The results showed that naturally dried JAP showed favorable technological properties in terms of water-oil binding and gelling. Emulsion batters formulated with JAP-SC mixture showed lower jelly and fat separation, higher water-holding capacity and higher emulsion stability than control samples with STPP. In final product, incorporation of JAP-SC mixture increased moisture and reduced lipid and energy values, and kept the pH value similar to control. Added JAP lead to increments in $b^*$ values whereas decreases $L^*$ values. Cook yield was similar to control in phosphate-free samples formulated with JAP-SC mix. Either low or medium ratios of JAP in combination with SC managed to protect most of the sensory parameters, while sensory scores tend to decrease in samples containing high levels of JAP. Addition of JAP to formulations presented samples that have equivalent behavior to phosphates in terms of lipid oxidation. In conclusion, our study confirms that utilization of JAP in combination with SC had promising effects as phosphate replacers by presenting natural solutions and providing equivalent quality to standard phosphate containing products.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.22-25
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• 2014

Synovial chondromatosis (SC) in temporomandibular joint is a rare benign disorder characterized by cartilaginous metaplasia of the mesenchymal remnants of the synovial tissue. The etiology of the disease is unclear but may be associated with trauma, overuse, local infection, and embryologic disturbance. SC does not spontaneously resolve and respond to nonsurgical treatment. SC should be differentially diagnosed with other temporomandibular joint disorders such as arthralgia or osteoarthritis because surgery should be done for managing it. However, primary diagnosis of SC is not easy because of nonspecific symptoms and signs. For the patients with unsuccessful conservative treatment response, especially accompanied by crepitus, preauricular swelling or posterior open bite, computed tomography/cone-beam computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging should to be performed to exclude SC. We discussed the importance of the early diagnosis and surgical treatment of SC from this case.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2016

Objectives The body shape was a key information for diagnosing the Sasang constitution (SC) in Sasang constitutional medicine. The aim of this study was to compare the body shapes and mainly focusing on the Korean and Chinese-KoreanMethods We calculated the propensity score for each SC type in males and females separately, and compared body shape including 8 circumference and 5 width between Korean and Chinese-Korean according to the sex and SC.Results Koreans have larger trunk and hip area compared to Chinese-Koreans, while Chinese-Koreans have larger abdomen compared with Koreans. Most variables were significantly different among SC types, for both Korean and Chinese-Korean. Especially, the Taeumin (TE) type has the largest body shape compared with the other SC types, it was similar between Korean and Chinese-Korean.Conclusions This study showed that the TE type has the largest body shape, followed by Soyangin (SY) and Soeumin (SE) in order, for both Korean and Chinese-Korean respectively. These results suggests that the body shape of Chinese-Korean is similar with Korean based on SC type.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.1438-1443
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• 2007

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of Ligustrum lucidum (LL) and Schisandra chinensis (SC) on the growth, antioxidative metabolism and immunity of laying strain male chicks. The results showed that diets supplemented with 1% of either LL or SC had no effects on the growth performance of chicks compared with the control. Furthermore, both LL and SC significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration of serum and heart of chicks (p<0.05). In addition, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of serum of the birds was significantly elevated by supplementation with SC (p<0.05). Glutathione reductase (GR) activity of heart and serum of the birds was significantly elevated by supplementation with LL or SC (p<0.05). LL supplementation significantly elevated antibody values against Newcastle Disease virus (NDV)(p<0.05) and lymphoblastogenesis (p<0.05) of the birds. The results suggest that diets supplemented with 1% of either LL or SC may improve immune function and antioxidant status of chicks.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.20-26
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• 2016

Our work on $Sc_2O_3-W$ matrix dispenser cathodes had been reviewed in this paper. The cathode with uniform distribution of $Sc_2O_3$ had been obtained using liquid-liquid doping method. The cathode had excellent emission property, i.e., the emission current density in pulse condition could reach over $35A/cm^2$. It was found that the cathode surface was covered by a Ba-Sc-O active substance multilayer with a thickness of about 100 nm, which was different from the monolayer and semiconducting layer in thickness. Furthermore, the observation results displayed that nanoparticles appeared at the growth steps and the surface of tungsten grains of the fully activated cathode. The calculation result indicated that the nanoparticles could cause the increase of local electric field strengths. We proposed the emission model that both the Ba-Sc-O multilayer and the nanoparticles distributing mainly on the growth steps of the W grains contributed to the emission. The future work on this cathode has been discussed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.812-818
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• 2009

This study evaluated the effects of live yeast and yeast cell-wall mannan-oligosaccharide supplementation onperformance and nutrient digestibility during early lactation in cows fed a diet based on a mixture of corn silage and alfalfa hay as forage sources. Eight multiparous Holstein dairy cows (average days in milk, 27${\pm}$6) were used in a replicated 4${\times}$4 Latin square design. Diets contained 45% forage and 55% concentrate on a dry matter (DM) basis and treatments were: i) basal diet without additive (Control), ii) basal diet with 32 g/d of mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS), iii) basal diet with $1.2{\times}10^{10}$ colony forming units per day (cfu/d) of live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM 1-1077; SC), and iv) basal diet with a mixture of MOS (32 g/d) and SC ($1.2{\times}10^{10}$ cfu/d; MOS+SC). Treatments had no effect (p>0.05) on DM intake and yields of milk, 3.5% fat-(FCM) and energy-corrected milk (ECM), and on milk fat percentage, body condition score and blood metabolites. Compared with the Control, only supplementation of SC resulted in numerically higher yields of FCM (41.9 vs. 40.1 kg/d) and ECM (41.8 vs. 40.3 kg/d), and milk fat percentage (3.64 vs. 3.43%). While the MOS diet had no effects on performance compared to the Control, the combination treatment MOS+SC increased milk protein percentage (p<0.05). Also, the MOS supplementation, both alone or in combination with SC, numerically increased milk fat percentage. The SC supplementation increased apparent digestibility of DM and crude protein while the MOS supplementation did not affect digestibility. Concentrations of total volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ruminal pH were similar across treatments. Overall results indicated that supplementation of MOS produced variable and inconsistent effects on rumen metabolism and performance, whereas SC supplementation improved nutrient digestibility and numerically increased FCM and ECM yields, which could not be enhanced by the combined supplementation of MOS+SC. According to our experimental condition, there was no effect of MOS alone or in combination with SC on dairy cow performance.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.157-162
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• 2009

한천분해세균 SC-22균을 대전 대청댐부근의 담수에서 분리하였다. 생화학적 분석 및 16S rRNA 염기서열 분석을 통한 계통학적 분류를 통해 SC-22는 Cellvibrio mixtus로 동정되었다. 분리균의 생육 및 agarase 효소 생성능을 검토한 결과, SC-22는 탄소원으로 0.2% agar를 첨가한 배지에서 배양 36시간에 최대 생육을, 배양 48시간에 58.5 units/mL의 최대 효소활성을 나타내었다. 분리균은 세포외 및 세포내 agarase를 생성하였으며, zymogram 실험에 의해 P1, P2 및 P3의 isoenzyme을 분비하는 것으로 확인 되었다. 배양여액으로부터 겔여과법과 이온교환수지법을 단계적으로 이용하여 SC-22 균주로부터 SDS-PAGE에 의해 25 kDa의 효소를 정제하였으며, 정제효소는 zymogram에서 확인된 주 단백질인 P2(29 kDa)과 동일한 단백질임이 확인되었다. 또한 정제한 agarase의 효소학적 성질을 검토한 결과, 효소의 최적 pH와 최적온도는 pH 7.0과 $50^{\circ}C$이었으며, 금속이온 효과의 경우 1 mM 농도의 수준에서도 $Fe^{2+}$, $Na^+$, $Ca^{2+}$ 이온 등은 정제효소의 활성을 10-20% 증가시킨 반면 $Hg^{2+}$, $Mn^{2+}$ 및 $Cu^{2+}$ 이온들은 효소 활성을 크게 저해하였다. 또한 TLC 분석을 통해 정제효소는 한천 분해 올리고당으로 주로 단당류와 이당류를 생성하므로 $\beta$-agarase의 작용특성을 보였다. 기질특이성 실험에서는 정제효소는 agar와 agarose만을 이용 하였고 유사 해조 다당류인 alginate는 물론 다른 다당류를 분해하지 못하였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.574-578
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• 2005

복분자 발효주의 품질향상을 위하여 효모 종류 및 효소 등 처리방법을 달리하여 발효과정 중의 이화학적 특성을 검토한 결과 Saccharomyces cerevisiae KCCM 12224(Sc-24), 복분자 분리효모(Bok-3), 약주분리(Yak-7), Saccharomyces cerevisiae(Sc-24)와 약주효모(Yak-7) 혼합균주의 주발효 후 알코올 함량은 각각 11.08%, 10.62%, 10.18%, 10.26%이었으며, pectinase 첨가시 알코올 함량을 0.1-1.5% 증가시킬 수 있었다. 발효주의 유기산은 oxalic, citric, malic, shikimic, formic acid 등이었으며, 발효과정 중 citric acid와 malic acid가 큰 폭으로 감소되었다. 복분자주 발효 중 적정산도는 발효액 중의 citric acid의 함량변화에 의존적이었다. 복분자주의 색도는 발효초기에 유의적으로 감소되었으며 Sc-24, Yak-7 및 Bok-3+pectinase 처리구가 발효에 의한 색도의 변화가 비교적 낮았다. 이화학적 성분의 변화를 고려할 때 복분자주의 발효는 8-10일이 적당하였으며, Sc-24 및 Bok-3균주와 500ppm의 pectinase 첨가가 발효에 효과적이었다.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2015

Up to ${\sim}520{\mu}J$ broadband mid-infrared (IR) supercontinuum (SC) generation in telecommunication multimode fiber (MMF) directly pumped by a $2.054{\mu}m$ nanosecond Q-switched Tm, $Ho:YVO_4$ laser is demonstrated. An average output power of 3.64 W is obtained in the band of ~1900 to ~2600 nm, and the corresponding optic-to-optic conversion efficiency is 67% by considering the coupling efficiency. The spectrum has extremely high flatness with negligible intensity variation (<2%) in the wavelength interval of ~2070 to ~2475 nm. The SC long-wavelength edge is limited by the silicon glass material loss, and by optimizing the MMF length, the SC spectrum could extend out to ${\sim}2.6{\mu}m$. The output SC pulse shapes are measured at different output powers, and no splits are found. The SC laser beam is nearly diffraction limited with an $M^2=1.15$ in $2.1{\mu}m$ measured by the traveling knife-edge method, and the laser beam spot is monitored by an infrared vidicon camera.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2014년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.423-424
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• 2014

ISO/TC 43 Acoustics 총회는 약 18개월 주기로 개최되어 음향분야 국제표준의 제,개정을 논의하고 추진한다. 최근의 ISO/TC 43회의는 2014년 5월 19일부터 23일까지 독일 베를린 DIN에서 개최되었다. ISO/TC 43의 관련 작업반(WG 1, 8, 9)회의와 함께 ISO/TC 43/SC 1 Noise 및 ISO/TC 43/SC 2 Building Acoustics의 관련 WG 회의도 진행되었다. ISO/TC 43에서는 ISO 1999 소음성 난청 평가 관련 표준을 개정하였다. ISO/TC 43/SC 1 Noise에서는 도로용 자동차의 쿨링팬 소음 측정방법, 사격장에서의 청력손실 측정방법, 헤드? 사용시 소음레벨 가이드 라인에 대한 표준 제정에 대한 NP(New Proposal)이 채택되었다. ISO/TC 43/SC 2 Building Acoustics에서는 소음 방사 효율 측정방법에 대한 표준안 제정이 제안되었다. 또한 ISO 10848-1 ~ 4 개정안 추진이 의결되었다. 건축물의 소음 평가 등급(WG 27) 및 소음성능 표시제도(WG 29)와 관련된 회의가 새롭게 진행되었다. ISO/TC 43 및 관련 SC, WG 회의를 통해 음향, 소음 전반에 걸친 국제표준의 제,개정이 의결되었으나, 국내 전문가들의 관심과 적극 참여는 부족한 것으로 판단된다. 향후 음향, 소음의 기술 및 연구 선도를 위해서는 국제표준활동에 대한 적극적인 참여와 지원이 필요하다.