• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.140-145
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• 1999

Livestock manure is generally beneficial to soil and crop production when appropriate amount is applied, but excessive application may be detrimental to soil and water environments. A proper protocol of livestock waste treatment is required to manage the quality of soil and water. A trickling filter system using rice straw media was employed to treat piggery wastewater from small-scaled livestock farms as an alternative to the currently available methods. Batches of piggery wastewater were treated with this system, and the byproducts of rice straw media and trickling filtrate were applied to the soil with cultivating rye (Secale cereale L.). Objective of this research was to characterize these byproducts for the sustainable soil amendments and rye production. Both the treated straw medium and filtrate were proven to be effective organic fertilizers for rye plant development, with the enhanced but balanced absorption of nutrients. The synergistic effects of filtrate in addition to straw application did not show, but the filtrate appeared to lead to a higher water content of the plant. No specific nutrient deficiency or toxicity symptom was shown due to the salts derived from the byproducts applied. Chemical parameters of the soil quality were significantly improved with the application of straw medium either with or without the filtrate. Judging from parameters relating to the salt accumulations, such as sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), electrical conductivity (EC), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), potassium adsorption ratio (KAR), and residual P concentrations, the byproducts from piggery wastewater exhibited no detrimental effects on soil quality within the ranges of treatments used. In addition to the effectiveness of the rice straw trickling filter system for the small-scaled swine farms, both rice straw medium and filtrate could be recycled for the sustainable soil amendment and plant nutrition.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.369-378
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• 2003

본논문은 ATM/AAL 처리를 위한 재조립 처리기으 설계 및 VLSI 구현에 대하여 기술한다. ATM/AAL 재조립 처리기는 물리계층으로부터 수신된 ATM셀을 처리하는 장치로서 AAL5 패킷의 유료부하를 호스트의 메모리에 정렬하고 이를 전송하며 망 관련 정보와 패킷의 오류 사항을 점검한다. ATM 셀매칭 알고리즘과 지능형 분산 방식의 개념을 적용하여 여러 개의 채널을 동시에 운영할 때 시간 지연 없이 처리할 수 있도록 설계하였다. 셀매칭 알고리즘은 ATM의 헤더로부터 해당정보의 위치를 신속하게 찾을 수 있도록 해쉬함수를 이용하여 구현되었고 이로써 VCI/VPI 값의 할당에 있어서 시간상의 제약을 완화하였으며 지능형 분산 방식과 DMA를 이용하여 메모리의 낭비를 최소화하면서 데이터를 호스트 쪽으로 25Mbps의 속도로 전송이 가능하도록 하였다. 상용시스템과 통신을 수행하여 칩의 정확한 동작과 CRC, 오류 점검 등의 동작을 점검하였다. 본 재조립 처릭는 0.6㎛ CMOS 공정을 통하여 제작되었다.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.356-367
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• 2014

A robotic sapatial augmented reality (RSAR) system, which combines robotic components with projector-based AR technique, is unique in its ability to expand the user interaction area by dynamically changing the position and orientation of a projector-camera unit (PCU). For a moving PCU mounted on a conventional robotic device, we can compute its extrinsic parameters using a robot kinematics method assuming a link and joint geometry is available. In a RSAR system based on user-created robot (UCR), however, it is difficult to calibrate or measure the geometric configuration, which limits to apply a conventional kinematics method. In this paper, we propose a data-driven kinematics control method for a UCR-based RSAR system. The proposed method utilized a pre-sampled data set of camera calibration acquired at sufficient instances of kinematics configurations in fixed joint domains. Then, the sampled set is compactly represented as a set of B-spline surfaces. The proposed method have merits in two folds. First, it does not require any kinematics model such as a link length or joint orientation. Secondly, the computation is simple since it just evaluates a several polynomials rather than relying on Jacobian computation. We describe the proposed method and demonstrates the results for an experimental RSAR system with a PCU on a simple pan-tilt arm.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제24권10호
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• pp.1017-1026
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• 2013

Mobi-Kids 연구의 노출량 평가 분야에는 4개국이 참여하고 있다. 각 국은 해당 지역 또는 자국의 통신 환경 및 통신 방식 등을 고려하여 평가를 수행하고, 그 결과는 휴대전화로부터 복사되는 무선주파수 및 극저주파수의 어린이 및 청소년 노출에 대한 중추신경계 발암 영향을 평가하기 위해 환자-대조군 대상자의 누적 노출량 평가에 활용된다. 본 논문에서는 Mobi-Kids 연구의 노출량 평가 프로토콜에 따라 과거 약 10년간 우리나라에서 사용해온 휴대전화의 노출 유형을 분석한다. 국내 출시 휴대전화 모델 조사, 그 결과를 바탕으로 한 노출 유형 분류, 수치해석적 대표 휴대전화 설계 방법, 그리고 휴대전화의 ELF 복사 측정 등을 주요 내용으로 한다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2002년도 춘계종합학술대회
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• pp.647-652
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• 2002

해상안전통신망은 해양사고의 예방과 해양사고발생시 인명과 재화를 효율적으로 보호하는 것을 주목적으로 하고 있다. 우리나라의 해상안전통신망은 1999년2월1일 GMDSS제도의 전면시행으로 인하여 관련통신설비들이 대폭 바뀌었다. 또, 이를 관리하는 관련법규와 운영 방식도 바뀌어 과거에 비하여 해상에서의 안전시설이나 관련제도가 강화되었다. 그러나 해양사고로 인한 인명피해는 줄어들지 않았고 오히려 증가하였다. 실제로 우리나라에서 발생한 전체 해양사고 중 약80%가 소형어선에서 발생하였으며 소형선박은 사고발생즉시 전복되기 때문에 신속히 구조요청이 이뤄져야 인명피해를 줄일 수 있다. 이에 대하여 최근 도입된 GMDSS 통신설비들은 자동화되어 신속한 구조요청 또는 조난통보를 한 수 있게되었다. 그러나, 소형어선의 해양사고는 대부분 5톤 미만의 선박이고, 이 선박들은 GMDSS제도에 의해 관리되지 못하는 문제점을 안고 있다. 본 논문에서는 우리나라의 현실에 적합한 해상안전통신망을 효율적으로 개선시킬 수 있는 대안을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.870-879
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• 2011

Regulated peak power tracking (RPPT) systems such as the series structure and the series-parallel structures are commonly used in satellite space power systems. However, these structures process the solar array power or the battery power to the load through two cascaded regulators during one orbit cycle, which reduces the energy transfer efficiency. Also the battery charging time is increased due to placement of converter between the battery and the solar array. In this paper a parallel structure has been proposed which can improve the energy transfer efficiency and the battery charging time for satellite space power RPPT systems. An analogue controller is used to control all of the required functions, such as load voltage regulation and solar array stabilization with maximum power point tracking (MPPT). In order to compare the system efficiency and the battery charging efficiency of the proposed structure with those of a series (conventional) structure and a simplified series-parallel structure, simulations are performed and the results are analyzed using a loss analysis model. The proposed structure charges the battery more quickly when compared to the other two structures. Also the efficiency of the proposed structure has been improved under different modes of solar array operation when compared with the other two structures. To verify the system, experiments are carried out under different modes of solar array operation, including PPT charge, battery discharge, and eclipse and trickle charge.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.462-471
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• 2017

A more efficient use of nutrients from organic sources can benefit both farmers and water quality in agriculture. In this paper we reviewed information related to the regulations and guidelines of a swine liquid fertilizer to propose an establishment scheme for the official standards of swine manure slurry as a liquid fertilizer for organic farming. According to the law of establishment and designation of official standard of fertilizers, the liquid fertilizer made with pig liquid manure belongs to the byproduct fertilizer as of one of organic fertilizer. However, the official standards for byproduct fertilizers including the liquid fertilizer set by the Rural Development Administration (RDA), especially for a liquid swine manure fertilizer, should be revised to meet the goals of laws pursuing the environmentally sound agriculture, especially for organic farming because the terms and relevant standards need additional specific standards alike the standards such as impurities and parameter for declaration in EU. Therefore, it is suggested that official standards for byproduct fertilizers should be revised with respect to nutrient, salt content as of SAR and Na content instead of NaCl. Also we need to develop the maximum limit of heavy metals in soil to which the liquid fertilizer can be applied, as well as application rate depending on EC of the liquid fertilizer.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.4084-4092
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• 2012

Theoretical calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) were performed to study the substituent effect on the geometric and electronic structures as well as the biological behavior of technetium-99m-labeled diphosphonate complexes. Optimized structures of these complexes are surrounded by six ligands in an octahedral environment with three unpaired 4d electrons ($d^3$ state) and the optimized geometry of $^{99m}Tc$-MDP agrees with experimental data. With the increase of electron-donating substituent or tether between phosphate groups, the energy gap between frontier orbitals increases and the probability of non-radiative deactivation via d-d electron transfer decreases. The charge distribution reflects a significant ligand-to-metal electron donation. Based on the calculated geometric and electronic structures and biologic properties of $^{99m}Tc$-diphosphonate complexes, several structure-activity relationships (SARs) were established. These results may be instructive for the design and synthesis of novel $^{99m}Tc$-diphosphonate bone imaging agent and other $^{99m}Tc$-based radiopharmaceuticals.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.2707-2712
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• 2009

5-$HT_{3}$ receptor;5-$HT_{3A}$ receptor channel activity;Novel 5-$HT_{3}$ receptor channel current blockers;Chlorophenyl substituted piperazinylethylaminomethylpyrazoles; The 5-$HT_{3A}$ receptors are one of ligand-gated ion channels and are known to be involved in visceral pain, anxiety, or anticancer agent-induced nausea and vomiting. In present study, we designed novel skeletons based on the developed 5-$HT_{3}$ receptor antagonists and evaluated their effects on 5-$HT_{3A}$ receptor channel currents ($I_{5-HT}$) of a series of pyrazole derivatives having N-chlorophenylpiperazine functionality (6-9). We found that most of N-p-chlorophenyl substituted piperazinyl-pyrazole derivatives (7b, 7c, 7e and 7h) exhibited the high potency for the inhibition of $I_{5-HT}$, whereas the compound without chloride (6) or with m-chlorophenyl group (a serious of 8 and 9) showed the low potency. These result indicate that p-chlorophenyl group is might play an important role for increasing the inhibitory potency on $I_{5-HT}$.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.117-128
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• 2018

In this paper, compact linear dual polarized series-fed $1{\times}2$ linear and $2{\times}2$ planar arrays antennas for airborne SAR applications are proposed. The proposed antenna design consists of a square radiating patch that is placed on top of the substrate, a quarter wave transformer and $50-{\Omega}$ matched transformer. Matching between a radiating patch and the $50-{\Omega}$ microstrip line is accomplished through a direct coupled-feed technique with the help of an impedance inverter (${\lambda}/4$ impedance transformer) placed at both horizontal and vertical planes, in the case of the $2{\times}2$ planar array. The overall size for the prototype-1 and prototype-2 fabricated antennas are $1.9305{\times}0.9652{\times}0.05106{{\lambda}_0}^3$ and $1.9305{\times}1.9305{\times}0.05106{{\lambda}_0}^3$, respectively. The fabricated structure has been tested, and the experimental results are similar to the simulated ones. The CST MWS simulated and vector network analyzer measured reflection coefficient ($S_{11}$) results were compared, and they indicate that the proposed antenna prototype-1 yields the impedance bandwidth >140 MHz (9.56-9.72 GHz) defined by $S_{11}$<-10 dB with 1.43%, and $S_{21}$<-25 dB in the case of prototype-2 (9.58-9.74 GHz, $S_{11}$< -10 dB) >140 MHz for all the individual ports. The surface currents and the E- and H-field distributions were studied for a better understanding of the polarization mechanism. The measured results of the proposed dual polarized antenna were in accordance with the simulated analysis and showed good performance of the S-parameters and radiation patterns (co-pol and cross-pol), gain, efficiency, front-to-back ratio, half-power beam width) at the resonant frequency. With these features and its compact size, the proposed antenna will be suitable for X-band airborne synthetic aperture radar applications.