• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.1131-1149
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• 2011

Michael McKeon, in The Origins of the English Novel, 1600-1740, sets forth a theoretical study of a large canon of seventeenth- and eighteenthcentury works, based upon the dialectic of genre formations, which attempts to analyze certain "instabilities" in generic and social categories- "instabilities" that McKeon identifies as "Questions of Truth" and "Questions of Virtue." In this paper, I argue with McKeon's optimistic reading of Samuel Richardson's work, Clarissa, or The History of Young Lady (1740), which concludes that-unlike Pamela's "manifest material and social empowerment"-Clarissa acquires "manifest discursive and imaginative empowerment" and "wins" (to use McKeon's terms) the "battle" with her antagonist, Robert Lovelace. What is difficult to accept in this reading of Clarissa is McKeon's claim that the "success" of Clarissa's resistance to Lovelace, despite the tragic rape, is evident in her "new-found power" which is represented in the heroine's spiritual "conversion"- her decision to die to protect her "version of truth and virtue." McKeon's spiritual "conversion" not only forces Clarissa to surrender her legal right to prosecute her rapist but also forces her to seek the shelter of her "father's house" in the afterlife because she can no longer "make others accept [her] own version of events as authoritative." Thus, in contrast to McKeon, I claim that Clarissa represents the necessary conditions for its heroine's "empowerment" primarily in language that suggests her manifest social invalidation; language which in particular emphasizes that her rape and torture by Lovelace forces Clarissa's spiritual "conversion" to seek her reward in the afterlife-thereby concluding that Clarissa's discursive and imaginative empowerment does not and cannot exist in the secular, material world.

• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.193-221
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• 2014

Archipeligiality, a concept continuously being developed by the scholar, is one that attempts to articulate the Filipino sense of place as discoursed in/through its literatures. As a country composed of 7,107 islands, the very fragmentation and division of the country, as well as its multiculturality and multilinguality, have become the very means by which Filipino writers have "imagined" so to speak-that is, also, constructed, into a singular, united frame-the "nation." This, the author supposes, is an important aspect to explore when it comes to discoursing the larger Southeast Asian imagination, or poetic, as similar situations (i.e. Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore), may soon compel for a comparative critico-literary perspective. This paper continues this exploratory "geoliterary" discourse by looking at a Filipino canonical work in English by Cirilo F. Bautista, the epic The Trilogy of Saint Lazarus, the title of which already signals a geographic allusion to the first map-name granted by the Spanish colonizer to the Philippines in the region, and consequently the first signification of the country's subjected existence in the colonial imagination. The work, published between 1970 and 1998, is composed of three parts: The Archipelago, Telex Moon, and Sunlight on Broken Stones, which won the 1998 Philippine Independence Centennial Literary Prize. In these epics, notions of Philippine history and situation were discoursed, and Filipino historical figures were engaged in dialogue by the poet/the poet's voice, with the end of locating the place [where history and time had brought it; or its direction or trajectory as a nation, being true to the Filipino maxim of ang di lumingon sa pinanggalingan, di makararating sa paroroonan (the one who does not look back to his origins would not reach his destination)]. of the Philippines not only in the national imagination, but in this paper, in the wider regional consciousness. The paper proposes that the archipelagic concept is an important and unique characteristic of the Southeast Asian situation, and thus, may be a means to explicate the clearly connected landscapes of the region's imagination through literature. This paper focuses on Sunlight on Broken Stones.

• Composites Research
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.342-348
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• 2023

There has been increasing demand for real-time monitoring of body and ambient temperatures using wearable devices. Graphene-based thermistors have been developed for high-performance flexible temperature sensors. In this study, the temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of monolayer graphene was controlled by coating polyethylenimine (PEI) on graphene surfaces to enhance its temperature-sensing performances. Monolayer graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) was wet-transferred onto a target substrate. To facilitate the interfacial doping by PEI, the hydrophobic graphene surface was altered to be hydrophilic by oxygen plasma treatments while minimizing defect generation. The effect of PEI doping on graphene was confirmed using a back-gated field-effect transistor (FET). The CVD-grown monolayer graphene coated with PEI exhibited an improved TCR of -0.49(±0.03) %/K in a temperature range of 30~50℃.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.420-430
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• 2023

Objective: The purpose of this finite element method (FEM) study was to analyze the biomechanical differences and tooth displacement patterns according to the traction direction, methods, and sites for total distalization of the mandibular dentition using clear aligner treatment (CAT). Methods: A finite element analysis was performed on four FEM models using different traction methods (via a precision cut hook or button) and traction sites (mandibular canine or first premolar). A distalization force of 1.5 N was applied to the traction site by changing the direction from -30 to +30° to the occlusal plane. The initial tooth displacement and von Mises stress on the clear aligners were analyzed. Results: All CAT-based total distalization groups showed an overall trend of clockwise or counterclockwise rotation of the occlusal plane as the force direction varied. Mesiodistal tipping of individual teeth was more prominent than that of bodily movements. The initial displacement pattern of the mandibular teeth was more predominant based on the traction site than on the traction method. The elastic deformation of clear aligners is attributed to unintentional lingual tipping or extrusion of the mandibular anterior teeth. Conclusions: The initial tooth displacement can vary according to different distalization strategies for CAT-based total distalization. Discreet application and biomechanical understanding of traction sites and directions are necessary for appropriate mandibular total distalization.

• Composites Research
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.377-382
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• 2023

To enhance the performance of graphene-based devices, it is of great importance to better understand the interfacial interaction of graphene with its underlying substrates. In this study, the adhesion energy of monolayer graphene placed on dielectric substrates was characterized using mode I fracture tests. Large-area monolayer graphene was synthesized on copper foil using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) with methane and hydrogen. The synthesized graphene was placed on target dielectric substrates using polymer-assisted wet transfer technique. The monolayer graphene placed on a substrate was mechanically delaminated from the dielectric substrate by mode I fracture tests using double cantilever beam configuration. The obtained force-displacement curves were analyzed to estimate the adhesion energies, showing 1.13 ± 0.12 J/m² for silicon dioxide and 2.90 ± 0.08 J/m² for silicon nitride. This work provides the quantitative measurement of the interfacial interactions of CVD-grown graphene with dielectric substrates.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.89 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2024

This article introduces a novel analytical model for examining the impact of porosity on shear correction factors (SCFs) in functionally graded porous beams (FGPB). The study employs uneven and logarithmic-uneven modified porosity-dependent power-law functions, which are distributed throughout the thickness of the FGP beams. Additionally, a modified exponential-power law function is used to estimate the effective mechanical properties of functionally graded porous beams. The correction factor plays a crucial role in this analysis as it appears as a coefficient in the expression for the transverse shear stress resultant. It compensatesfor the assumption that the shear strain is uniform across the depth of the cross-section. By applying the energy equivalence principle, a general expression for static SCFs in FGPBs is derived. The resulting expression aligns with the findings obtained from Reissner's analysis, particularly when transitioning from the two-dimensional case (plate) to the one-dimensional case (beam). The article presents a convenient algebraic form of the solution and provides new case studies to demonstrate the practicality of the proposed formulation. Numerical results are also presented to illustrate the influence of porosity distribution on SCFs for different types of FGPBs. Furthermore, the article validates the numerical consistency of the mechanical property changesin FG beams without porosity and the SCF by comparing them with available results.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2024

This paper utilizes computational asymptotic analysis to compute the boundary layer solution for composite beams and validates the findings through a comparison with ANSYS results. The boundary layer solution, presented as a sum of the interior solution and pure boundary layer effects, necessitates a mathematically rigorous formalization for both interior and boundary layer aspects. Computational asymptotic analysis emerges as a robust technique for addressing such problems. However, the challenge lies in connecting the boundary layer and interior solutions. In this study, we systematically separate the principles of virtual work and the principles of Saint-Venant to tackle internal and boundary layer issues. The boundary layer solution is articulated by calculating the Papkovich-Fadle eigenfunctions, representing them as linear combinations of real and imaginary vectors. To address warping functions in the interior solutions, we employed a least squares method. The computed solutions exhibit excellent agreement with 2D finite element analysis results, both quantitatively and qualitatively. This validates the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed approach in capturing the behavior of composite beams.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.267-273
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• 2024

Helicobacter pylori infection is often acquired in early childhood. While most infected children remain asymptomatic, H. pylori can cause chronic gastritis, gastric ulceration, and, in the long term, gastric cancer. This article aimed to review different diagnostic and treatment options and discuss the challenges associated with applying the current guidelines in the real world. Relevant articles published from 2015 to August 2023 in the English language in PubMed and Medline electronic databases were extracted using subject headings and keywords of interest to the topic. References of interest in the selected articles were also considered. Invasive and noninvasive diagnostic tests have advantages but also disadvantages and limitations according to the clinical setting and age of the child. Guidelines recommend not performing diagnostic testing in children with long-lasting or recurrent abdominal complaints or cases of a family history of severe disease caused by H. pylori. However, parents regularly consult with the explicit demand to test for H. pylori because of them or a close family member experiencing severe gastric disease caused by H. pylori. In some situations, it may be challenging for the healthcare professional to stick to evidence-based guidelines and not consider "patient-centered care," with the risk of putting a trustful relationship in danger. Physicians may find it challenging not to perform diagnostic tests for H. pylori and prescribe eradication treatment in specific clinical settings when maintaining a trusting patientphysician relationship by applying this "patient-centered care" method when evidence-based guidelines recommend differently.

• Journal of Ceramic Processing Research
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• v.21
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• pp.47-52
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• 2020

Graphene was synthesized using rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition (RT-CVD) equipment designed to produce largearea graphene at high speed. The effects of methane (CH₄), argon (Ar), and hydrogen (H₂) gases were investigated between 800 ℃ and 1,000 ℃ during heating and cooling in the graphene synthesis process. The findings reveal that multilayer domains increased due to hydrogen pretreatment with increase in temperature. Furthermore, when pretreated with the same gas, it was confirmed that the post-argon-treated sample cooled from 1,000 ℃ to 800 ℃ had a higher I_D/I_G value than that of the other samples. This result was consistent with the sheet resistance properties of graphene. The sample prepared in methane atmosphere maintained during both the pre-treatment and post-treatment demonstrated the lowest sheet resistance of 787.49 Ω/sq. Maintaining the methane gas atmosphere in the high-temperature region during graphene synthesis by RT-CVD reduced the defects and improved the electrical property.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.57 no.5
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• pp.490-498
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• 2024

Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with coverage in community-directed treatment with ivermectin for onchocerciasis control in savannah and forest areas in the Central African Republic. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2 districts where onchocerciasis is endemic. We employed a pretested and validated questionnaire that included questions about the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents and variables relevant to coverage assessment. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the associations between surveyed mass drug administration (MDA) coverage and the variables considered, while accounting for potential confounding factors. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: At the district level, the MDA program achieved a reach of 87.29% (95% confidence interval [CI], 86.03 to 88.55) in Bossangoa and 61.74% (95% CI, 59.56 to 63.92) in Kemo, compared to the reported rates of 90.02% and 91.70%, respectively. Women in both Bossangoa and Kemo were 1.28 times more likely to have taken ivermectin than men (95% CI, 1.12 to 1.47; p=0.008; 95% CI, 1.09 to 2.00; p=0.041, respectively). The age groups of 5-14, 15-24, and 25-34 were statistically associated with better distribution coverage in both districts. Individuals with knowledge of onchocerciasis were more likely to receive ivermectin compared to those without knowledge, with adjusted odds ratios of 1.41 (95% CI, 1.11 to 2.01; p=0.030) and 3.19 (95% CI, 2.91 to 4.08; p=0.001), respectively. Conclusions: The authors recommend implementing measures to improve MDA coverage in future campaigns. These measures should include allocating sufficient time for MDA activities, providing health education, and mobilising the entire population.