• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.87-92
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• 2007

An 1-month old female newborn was admitted to our hospital because of jaundice which occurred at 2 days after birth. Plain chest X-ray and chest CT revealed a collapsed right middle lobe and lobar emphysema was suspected. Right upper lobectomy of the lung was done and pathologic findings showed an infantile lobar emphysema. After the operation, the newborn was discharged without complication and was followed up through the out patient clinic. Infantile lobar emphysema is rare and male dominant. Left upper lobe of the lung is the most prevalent site. Patients with infantile lobar emphysema complain of respiratory symptoms. We report one case of infantile lobar emphysema on right upper lobe of lung, in a female with no respiratory symptoms.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.28-33
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• 2014

Background: Samul-tang (Si-Wu-Tang, SMT) is a traditional herbal formula, which has been widely used to treat various diseases such as menstrual irregularity, bleeding and leucorrhea. Although many studies have investigated the pharmacological properties of SMT, its toxicity information has not yet been fully elucidated. Methods: Five Sprague Dawley (SD) rats of each sex were given a single dose (5000 mg/kg) of SMT by gavage; control rats received the vehicle only. After the single administration, mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes and gross findings were monitored for 15 days in accordance with Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) principles. Results: In a single oral dose toxicity study, there was no adverse effect on mortality, clinical sign, body weight change or gross finding in any treatment group. Conclusions: The results indicate that SMT did not induce toxic effects at a dose level up to 5000 mg/kg in rats and its median lethal dose ($LD_{50}$) was considered to be over 5000 mg/kg/day body weight for both genders.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.902-907
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• 2006

Freeze dried crude bacteriocin was encapsulated within an acid-soluble coating material, Eudragit EPO, using a surface modification technique through a hybridization system. The pH and titratable acidity of control yoghurt were 3.92 and 1.56%, respectively, after 24 hr of fermentation at $42^{\circ}C$, whereas yoghurt containing 500 AU/mL encapsulated bacteriocin exhibited a higher pH (4.37) and lower titratable acidity (1.2%). Yoghurt containing encapsulated bacteriocin had significantly lower titratable acidity when the duration of fermentation (to pH 4.5) and subsequent refrigerated storage ($4^{\circ}C$) was longer than 20 days. There were no significant differences in the viability of lactic acid bacteria after 15 hr of fermentation. This suggests that microencapsulated bacteriocin has the potential to control the excessive growth of yoghurt starters caused by temperature abuse or post-acidification.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.107-111
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• 1991

The testicular volume measured by a Prader orchidometer was compared with sperm count in semen, the levels of serum FSH, LH, testosterone, prolactin, estradiol and progesterone in 59 nonobstructive infertile men. 1. The causes of infertility were primary hypogonadisms in 50 patients (35 unknown, 9 Klinefelter syndromes, 6 varicocels) and secondary hypogonadism in 9 (5 isolated FSH deficiencies, 1 hyperprolactinerriia, 3 pituitary hypogonadisms). 2. Decreased levels of serum FSH (less than 4 mIU/ml) did not correlate with testis volume but increased level of serum FSH (more than 20 mIU/ml) were mostly noted in the testis less than 10ml. 3. Decreased level of serum testosterone (less than 3 ng/ml) were distinguishably noted in the atrophied testis less than 5 ml. 4. There was no correlation between the testicular volume and the levels of serum prolactin, estradiol, and progesterone. Coclusively, testicular volume less than 11 ml suggests poor spermatogenesis, but normal testicular volume dose not nessarily rule out poor spermatogenesis. Function of Leydig cell is relatively well preserved in atrophied testis of 5 to 10 ml comparing with that of seminiferous tubule.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.461-466
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• 1998

The histological profiles and endocrine cells in the bursa of Fabricius of the duck (Anas platyrhynchos platyrhyncos, Linne) were studied at 23 days of incubation, at hatching, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 5 weeks, 6 weeks, 7 weeks, 9 weeks, 10 weeks and 32 weeks after hatching. Histologically epithelium of bursa Fabricius were pseudostratified columnar and simple columnar epithelium. Numerous lymphatic follicles and well developed plica were observed in this study. The sections were reacted immunohistochemically using antisera specific to bovine chromogranin(BCG), serotonin and somatostatin antisera using immunohistochemical methods. A few number of BCG-immunoreactive cells were detected from 23 days of incubation to 5 weeks after hatching and serotonin-immunoreactive cells were also observed from 23 days of incubation to 3 weeks after hatching. No somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were detected in this study.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.557-562
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• 2005

The field scale experiment was performed to examine the effect of plant coverage on the constructed wetland performance and recommend the optimum development and management of macrophyte communities. Four sets(each set of 0.88ha) of wetland (0.8ha) and pond(0.08ha) systems were used. Water flowing into the Seokmoon estuarine reservoir from the Dangjin stream was pumped into wetland system. Water depth was maintained at $0.3{\sim}0.5m$ and hydraulic retention time was managed to about $2{\sim}5$ days; emergent plants were allowed to grow in the wetlands. After three growing seasons of the construction of wetlands, plant coverage was about 95%, even with no plantation, from bare soil surfaces at the initial stage. Dead vegetation affected nitrogen removal during winter because it is a source of organic carbon which is an essential parameter in denitrification. Biomass harvesting is not a realistic management option for most constructed wetland systems because it could only slightly increase the removal rate and provide a minor nitrogen removal pathway due to lack of organic carbon.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.417-421
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• 2007

A successful rapid synthesis of dendritic benzyl chlorides from dendritic benzyl alcohols using methanesulfonyl chloride/$Et_3N$ as activating agents was described. In this method, each dendritic benzyl chloride can be prepared in one pot: no isolation of intermediate mesylated dendrons is required. The key steps in the syntheses of dendritic benzyl chlorides were the mesylation of the hydroxymethyl group followed by the chlorination by in-situ generated triethylammonium chloride.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.637-648
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• 2017

This study examined the moderating effect of self-forgiveness on the relationship between self-criticism and social anxiety among male and female college students. This study included 441 college students (211 male and 230 female students) with an average age of 22.2. Pearson correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were conducted. As a result, the moderating effect of self-forgiveness on the relationship between self-criticism and social anxiety was significant for male students. A higher level of self-criticism tended to result in a higher level of social anxiety that was strengthened in the group of lower level of self-forgiveness versus a tendency for self-criticism to increase male social anxiety was weaker in the group with a higher level of self-forgiveness. However, the moderating effect of self-forgiveness was not significant in female students and only the main effect of self-criticism on social anxiety was significant. The results provide a basis to understand the psychological processes of social anxiety in college students. The results suggest the necessity to intervene and strengthen self-forgiveness as a protective factor to alleviate the negative effects of self-blame on social anxiety in male college students.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.423-426
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• 2006

Objective : There is still debate about the diagnostic efficacy of digital infrared thermographic imaging[DITI], nevertheless, it has been used for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome[CTS]. We performed comparative study between patient and control groups to investigate the diagnostic value of DITI in CTS. Methods : We studied 27 patients with electrodiagnostically-proven CTS and 18 symptom-free volunteers as a control. We measured thermal difference on DITI in the corresponding regions of the hands and forearms. We statistically analyzed the thermal data using a t-test. Results : The average thermal difference in the diagnosed patient group ranged from $0.0303^{\circ}C$ to $0.2856^{\circ}C$, while that in control group ranged from $0.0611^{\circ}C$ to $0.2878^{\circ}C$. In the CTS patient group, thermal difference between each 2nd finger was higher than that of other regions. However, there was no statistical significance between patient and control groups. Conclusion : We found that the diagnostic value of DITI in CTS was not sufficient. There should be a reconsideration of the usefulness of DITI in CTS.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.59 no.5
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• pp.207-214
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• 2015

P2Y receptors, a type of P2 receptor family, are G-protein coupled receptors and 8 subtypes have been characterized ($P2Y_1$, $P2Y_2$, $P2Y_4$, $P2Y_6$, $P2Y_{11-14}$). Recently, several studies have shed light on the role of P2Y receptors in bone biology. Among them, little is known on the role of $P2Y_6$ receptor on osteoclast differentiation. Thus, we investigated the role of $P2Y_6$ receptor on osteoclastogenesis using $P2Y_6$ receptor selective antagonist, MRS 2578. When osteoblasts and bone marrow cells were co-cultured in the presence of $VitD_3$ and $PGE_2$, $P2Y_6$ antagonist increased the formation of TRAP positive osteoclasts. To elucidate the target cells of $P2Y_6$ antagonist, we first checked the effect of MRS 2578 on osteoblasts. Treatment of MRS 2578 did not affect OPG : RANKL mRNA ratio in osteoblasts. Next, we checked the effects of $P2Y_6$ antagonist on osteoclast precursors using mouse bone marrow macrophages (BMMs). Addition of MRS 2578 increased the number of osteoclasts in RANKL-treated BMMs. Although $P2Y_6$ antagonist had no effect on RANKL-induced NFATc1, c-Fos and MafB expression levels, it significantly stimulated RANKL-induced Blimp1 mRNA expression in BMMs. Taken together, these data indicate that $P2Y_6$ antagonist increases osteoclast formation by upregulation of Blimp1 expression.