• Title/Summary/Keyword: S-containing compounds

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Phenotyping of Flavin-Containing Monooxygenase (FMO) Activity and Factors Affecting FMO Activity in Korean

  • Jeon, Sun-Ho;Park, Chang-Shin;Cha, Young-Nam;Chung, Woon-Gye
    • Toxicological Research
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    • v.17
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    • pp.127-133
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    • 2001
  • Together with cytochrome P450 (CYP), flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) present in liver microsomes oxidizes various endogenous and exogenous chemicals. In an effort to determine the human FMO activity, we have developed two non-invasive urine analysis methods using caffeine (CA) and ranitidine (RA) as the probe compounds. As the production of theobromine (TB) and ranitidine N-oxide (RANO) from CA and RA is catalyzed primarily by the hepatic FMO, we have assigned the urinary molar ratios of TB/CA and RA/RANO as the in vivo FMO activity. In 200 age-matched Korean volunteers, the obtained TB/CA ratio ranged from 0.4 to 15.2 (38-fold difference) and the RA/RANO ratio from 5.7 to 27.2 (4.8-fold). The FMO activity of 20's, determined by caffeine metabolism, was the highest (2.5$\pm$l.9) and those of 30's, 40's, 50's, 60's and 70's were 40%, 50%, 24%, 39% and 36% of the 20's, respectively. Intake of grapefruit juice, known to contain flavonoids, inhibited the in vivo FMO (TB/CA) activity by 79%. Addition of the flavonoids like naringin, quercitrin and kaempferol, present in grapefruit juice, to the in vitro microso-mal FMO assay, thiobenzamide S-oxidation, produced 75%, 70% and 60% inhibition, respectively. Obtained Ki values of quercitrin, kaempferol and naringin on the in vitro FMO activity were 6.2, 12.0 and 13.9 $\mu\textrm{M}$, respectively. This suggested that the dose of drug should need to be adjusted to suit the individual FMO activities when the drugs metabolized by FMO are given to patients. As the intake of grapefruit juice has been identified to inhibit the FMO as well as CYP3A4 and lA2 activities, patients taking drugs metabolized by these enzymes should not drink grapefruit juice as the carrier.

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Evaluation of Odors and Odorous Compounds from Liquid Animal Manure Treated with Different Methods and Their Application to Soils (액상 가축분뇨의 처리 및 토양환원에 따른 악취 및 악취물질의 평가)

  • 고한종;최홍림;김기연;이용기;김치년
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.48 no.3
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    • pp.453-466
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    • 2006
  • To comply with stricter regulations provoked by increasing odor nuisance, it is imperative to practice effective odor control for sustainable livestock production. This study was conducted to assess odor and odorous compounds emitted from liquid animal manure with different treatment methods such as Fresh Manure(without treatment, FM), Anaerobic Digestion(AD) and Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion(TAD) and their application to soil. Air samples were collected at the headspace of liquid manure, upland and paddy soil, and analyzed for odor intensity and offensiveness using an olfactometry; odor concentration index using odor analyser; nitrogen-containing compound such as ammonia(NH3) using fluorescence method; and sulfur containing compounds such as hydrogen sulfide(H2S), methyl mercaptan(MeSH), dimethyl sulfide(DMS) and dimethyl disulfide(DMDS) using gas chromatography-pulsed flame photometric detector, respectively. Odor intensity, offensiveness and concentration index from TAD liquid manure was statistically lower than those from FM and AD(p<0.01). Mean concentrations of H2S, MeSH, DMS, DMDS and NH3 were 65.93ppb, 18.55ppb, 5.26ppb, 0.33ppb and 10.57ppm for liquid manure with AD; and 5.15ppb, 0.97ppb, 0.80ppb, 0.56ppb and 1.34ppm for liquid manure with TAD, respectively. More than 60% of malodorous compounds related to nitrogen and sulfur were removed by heterotrophic microorganisms during TAD treatment. When liquid manure was applied onto upland and paddy soil, NH3 removal efficiencies ranged from 51 to 94% and 22 to 91% for AD and TAD liquid manure, respectively. The above results show that liquid manure with TAD is superior to AD and FM with respect to the odor reduction and odor problem caused by land applied liquid manure is directly related to the degree of odor generated by the manure treatment method.

Volatile Aroma Compounds of Several Domestic Thymus quinquecostatus by Thermal Desorption Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer (열탁착식 가스크로마토질량분석기에 의한 국내 산지별 백리향의 휘발성향기성분)

  • Chiang, Mae-Hee;Lee, Kwang-Woo;Baik, Jung-Ae
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.14-20
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    • 2011
  • Objective of this research was to investigate the volatile aroma compounds and phenol contents for preservative effects. Aerial part of 5 Korean natured species of thyme located in Jeju alpine, jeju middle mountain, Kyeonggido, Ulleung island, and Gangwondo was analyzed by thermal desorption gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (TD-GC-MSD) method. Jeju middle mountain thyme was relatively high 62 species and has been investigated a high concentration of $7365.22{\mu}g/m^3$ contents according to the quantitative analysis. Total phenol contents containing thymol and carvacrol of Jeju middle mountain thyme were relatively high and showed 35.92%.

An in silico Appraisal to Identify High Affinity Anti-Apoptotic Synthetic Tetrapeptide Inhibitors Targeting the Mammalian Caspase 3 Enzyme

  • Kelotra, Seema;Jain, Meeta;Kelotra, Ankit;Jain, Ish;Bandaru, Srinivas;Nayarisseri, Anuraj;Bidwai, Anil
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.15 no.23
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    • pp.10137-10142
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    • 2015
  • Apoptosis is a general phenomenon of all multicellular organisms and caspases form a group of important proteins central to suicide of cells. Pathologies like cancer, Myocardial infarction, Stroke, Sepsis, Alzheimer's, Psoriasis, Parkinson and Huntington diseases are often associated with change in caspase 3 mediated apoptosis and therefore, caspases may serve as potential inhibitory targets for drug development. In the present study, two series of synthetic acetylated tetrapeptides containing aldehyde and fluromethyl keto groups respectively at the C terminus were proposed. All these compounds were evaluated for binding affinity against caspase 3 structure. In series 1 compound Ac-DEHD-CHO demonstrated appreciable and high binding affinity (Rerank Score: -138.899) against caspase 3. While in series 2 it was Ac-WEVD-FMK which showed higher binding affinity (Rerank Score: -139.317). Further these two compounds met ADMET properties and demonstrated to be non-toxic.

Study of the Semi-volatile Components in Cigarette Mainstream Smoke (담배 Mainstream Smoke중 Semi-volatile 화합물 연구)

  • 김정열;신창호;김종열;김영호;이근회
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.115-123
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    • 1998
  • The semi-volatile fraction of cigarette mainstream smoke contains the most important aroma and taste that enhance smoke flavor. The components in mainstream smoke were analysed for commercially available cigarettes. To compare the semi-volatile components delivered from mainstream smoke of domestic cigarette with imported cigarette, we analyzed three types of filter cigarettes such as cellulose acetate mono filter, carbon dual filter and slim filter cigarette. Mainstream smoke was collected with a combination of Cambridge filter pad and liquid trap containing a small amount of acetone cooled by dry ice-methanol. We have identified 43 components from mainstream smoke by GC and GC/MS and found that benzene, toluene, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, 5-methyl-2-furaldehyde, acetic acids nicotine and triacetin were the main peaks in mainstream smoke. Also we have compared the relative amounts of semi-volatile compounds delivered from the domestic and imported cigarettes with three different filters. From the results of this study, the relative amounts of limonene, acetic acid, 5-methyl-Lfuraldehyde delivered from the imported cigarettes were generally higher than those of the domestic one's.

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Effect on health from consumption of meat and meat products

  • Lee, Da Young;Lee, Seung Yun;Jo, Cheorun;Yoon, Yohan;Jeong, Jong Youn;Hur, Sun Jin
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.63 no.5
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    • pp.955-976
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    • 2021
  • The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary sodium nitrite and meat on human health. Sodium nitrite in processed meat is known to be one of the main precursors of carcinogens, such as N-nitroso compounds. However, we previously found that processed meat is not the primary source of sodium nitrite; nitrate or the conversion of nitrate in vegetables are contribute to generate more than 70% Sodium nitrite or nitrate containing compounds in body. Although the heavy consumption of meat is likely to cause various diseases, meat intake is not the only cause of colorectal cancer. Our review indicates that sodium nitrite derived from foods and endogenous nitric oxide may exhibit positive effects on human health, such as preventing cardiovascular disease or improving reproductive function. Therefore, further epidemiological studies considering various factors, such as cigarette consumption, alcohol consumption, stress index, salt intake, and genetic factors, are required to reliably elucidate the effects of dietary sodium nitrite and meat on the incidence of diseases, such as colorectal cancer.

Perovskite-Like Strontium Titanium Zirconium Oxide Solid Solutions Prepared at Atmospheric Pressure

  • Choy, Jin-Ho;Kim, Ha-Suck;Kwon, Young-Uk;Kim Chong Hee
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.6 no.6
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    • pp.344-347
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    • 1985
  • Perovskite type oxides of $SrTiO_3,SrZrO_3,and\;SrTi_{1-x}Zr_xO_3$ have been systematically synthesized at $1250^{\circ}C$and $1550^{\circ}C$ with specimens containing additions of up to x=0.9 of zirconium by solid state reactions and characterized by X-ray diffraction. X-ray diffraction studies showed that the compound $SrTi_{1-x}Zr_xO_3$ has cubic structure. The lattice paramters of $SrTi_{1-x}Zr_xO_3$ solid solutions obey the Vegard's law and fairly large increase in volume can acompany the formation of this solution with increasing Zr content(X). Assuming the lattice constants of perovskite type compounds $A(B_{1-x}B'_x)O_3$where $B_{1-x}B'_x$ is $Ti_{1-x}Zr_x$, to be a linear function of the ionic radii of B and B' ions, the disordered ion pair of $Ti^{4+}$and $Zr^{4+}$ was verified from the lattice constants of a series compounds varying x=0,0.05, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 0.9, and 1.0 with known isovalent pairs.

Whitening and Anti-oxidative Activities of Chemical Components Extracted from Branches of Sorbus alnifolia

  • Bo Shi Liu;Jung Eun Kim;Nam Ho Lee
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.67 no.2
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    • pp.137-144
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    • 2023
  • In this study were evaluated the whitening and anti-oxidative activities from the extracts of Sorbus alnifolia branches, and identified the chemical structures of the active ingredients. In the whitening tests using α-MSH stimulated B16F10 melanoma cells, the 70% ethanol extract and n-butanol (n-BuOH) fractions concentration-dependently inhibited cellular melanogenesis and intracellular tyrosinase activities without causing cell toxicity. The total polyphenol content of n-BuOH and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fractions were measured to be respectively 241.1 ± 1.1 and 222.9 ± 2.4 (mg/g GAE), and the total flavonoid content of EtOAc fraction was 75.3 ± 2.0 (mg/g QE). Upon anti-oxidant studies with DPPH and ABTS+ radicals, potent radical scavenging activities were observed in the EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions. Moreover, in the study of cell protection efficacy using HaCaT keratinocytes damaged by H2O2, the EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions showed a very positive results on prevention of oxidative stress. Phytochemical studies for this extract resulted in the isolation of four compounds; 2-oxopomolic acid (1), euscaphic acid (2), epi-catechin (3), prunasin (4). These results suggested that the extract of S. alnifolia branches containing compounds 1-4 as natural ingredients could be used as whitening and anti-oxidant ingredients in cosmetic formulations.

Chloroplast-type Ferredoxin Involved in Reactivation of Catechol 2,3-Dioxygenase from Pseudomonas sp.S-47

  • Park, Dong-Woo;Chae, Jong-Chan;Kim, Young-Soo;Iida, Toshiya;Kudo, Toshiaki;Kim, Chi-Kyung
    • BMB Reports
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    • v.35 no.4
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    • pp.432-436
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    • 2002
  • Pseudomonas sp. S-47 is capable of degrading catechol and 4-chlorocatechol via the meta-cleavage pathway. XyITE products catalyze the dioxygenation of the aromatics. The sylT of the strain S-47 is located just upstream of the xylE gene. XylT of the strain S-47 is located just upstream of the xylE gene. XyIT is typical chloroplast-type ferredoxin, which is characterized by 4 cystein residues that are located at positions 41, 46, 49, and 81. The chloroplast-type ferredoxin of Pseudomonas sp. S-47 exhibited a 98% identity with that of P. putida mt-2(TOL plasmid) in the amino acid sequence, but only about a 40 to 60% identity with the corresponding enzymes from other organisms. We constructed two recombinant plasmids (pRES1 containing xylTE and pRES101 containing xylE without xylT) in order to examine the function of XyIT for the reactivation of the catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (XyIE) that is oxidized with hydrogen peroxide was recovered in the catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (C23O) activity about 4 mimutes after incubation, but the pRES101 showed no recovery. That means that the typical chloroplast-type ferredoxin (XyIT) of Pseudomonas sp. S-47 is involved in the reactivation of the oxidized C23O in the dioxygenolytic cleavage of aromatic compounds.

Migration of calcium hydroxide compounds in construction waste soil

  • Shin, Eunchul;Kang, Jeongku
    • Advances in environmental research
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    • v.4 no.3
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    • pp.183-196
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    • 2015
  • Migration of leachate generated through embankment of construction waste soil (CWS) in low-lying areas was studied through physical and chemical analysis. A leachate solution containing soluble cations from CWS was found to have a pH above 9.0. To determine the distribution coefficients in the alkali solution, column and migration tests were conducted in the laboratory. The physical and chemical properties of CWS satisfied environmental soil criteria; however, the pH was high. The effective diffusion coefficients for CWS ions fell within the range of $0.725-3.3{\times}10^{-6}cm^2/s$. Properties of pore water and the amount of undissolved gas in pore water influenced advection-diffusion behavior. Contaminants migrating from CWS exhibited time-dependent concentration profiles and an advective component of transport. Thus, the transport equations for CWS contaminant concentrations satisfied the differential equations in accordance with Fick's 2nd law. Therefore, the migration of the contaminant plume when the landfilling CWS reaches water table can be predicted based on pH using the effective diffusion coefficient determined in a laboratory test.