• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.175-182
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• 1995

Rice is one of the most successful monocot in regenerating fertile and genetically stable transgenic plants. However there is no report of a rice line developed in Korea that can be used for regeneration of fertile and genetically stable transformants. In this paper we first demonstrate that a Korean variety Nakdongbyeo, is suitable to obtain transgenic rice plants. Protoplasts from embryogenic suspension cultures were co-transformed with HPT (hygromycin phosphotransferase) and GUS ($\beta$-glucuronidase) genes in separate plasmids in the presence of PEG (polyethylene glycol). In 5 independent experiment, the average frequency of calli showing hygromycin resistance were 1.73%. Plantlets were regenerated from the Hy $g^{R}$ calli. The average efficiency of plantlet regeneration was apprbximately 27%. Based on the GUS activities of hygromycin resistant calli, ca.35% of the resistant calli carried active GUS genes. The R0 transgenic plantlets were grown to maturity and Rl seeds were obtained. By examining the in siぉ activity of GUS in Rl seeds and seedlings, we confirmed that the GUS transgene driven by a CaMV 35S (cauliflower mosaic virus) promoter showed proper expression patterns. We also confirmed Mendelian segregation of the HPT transgene in the Rl generation.n.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.375-380
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• 2016

The proliferation of online social networking services (OSNSs) and smartphones has enabled people to easily make friends with a large number of users in the online communities, and interact with each other. This leads to an increase in the usage rate of OSNSs. However, individuals who have immersed into their digital lives, prioritizing the virtual world against the real one, become more and more isolated in the physical world. Thus, their socialization processes that are undertaken only through lots of face-to-face interactions and trial-and-errors are apt to be neglected via 'Add Friend' kind of functions in OSNSs. In this paper, we present a friend recommendation system based on the on/off-line contextual information for the OSNS users to have more serendipitous offline interactions. In order to accomplish this, we modeled both offline information (i.e., place visit history) collected from a user's smartphone on a 3D tensor, and online social data (i.e., friend relationships) from Facebook on a matrix. We then recommended like-minded people and encouraged their offline interactions. We evaluated the users' satisfaction based on a real-world dataset collected from 43 users (12 on-campus users and 31 users randomly selected from Facebook friends of on-campus users).

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.187-201
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• 1996

This study was to evaluate the efficiency of diffusive monitor using activated carbon fiber(ACF, KF-1500) in measuring airborne organic solvents. The following characteristics were identified and studied as critical to the performance of diffusive monitor; recovery, sampling rate, face velocity, reverse diffusion and storage stability. For the evaluation of the performance of this monitor, MIBK, PCE, toluene were used as organic solvents. In the sampling rate experiments, eight kinds of solvents (n-hexane, MEK, DIBK, MCF, TCE, CB, xylene, cumene) as well as the above solvents were used. The results were as follows: 1. The desorption efficiencies(DE's) of ACF diffusive monitor ranged from 83 % to 101 %. In contrast, those of coconut shell charcoal ranged from 78 % to 102 %. Especially, the DE's of ACF for the polar solvents such as MEK were superior to those of charcoal. 2. Experimental sampling rates on ACF were average 42ml/min(37-46ml/min) for 11 organic solvents at $24{\pm}2^{\circ}C$, $50{\pm}5%RH$. However ideal sampling rates(DA/L) were 33 % higher than experimental sampling rates. 3. The initial response(15~16 min) of the testing monitor was 2 times higher than the actual concentration determined by the reference methods at $24{\pm}2^{\circ}C$, $8{\pm}5%RH$ and $80{\pm}5%RH$. Within 1 hours, the curve reached a linear horizontal line at low humidity condition. But sampling efficiencies decreased with respect to time at high humidity condition. And sampling efficiencies were higher at high humidity condition than low humidity condition for MIBK. 4. At very low velocity (less than 0.02 m/sec), the concentration of ACF diffusive monitor were poorly estimated. But ACF diffusive monitor were not affected at higher velocity(0.2 m/sec-0.6 m/sec). 5. There was no significant reverse diffusion when the ACF monitors were exposed to clean air for 2 hours after being exposed for 2 hours at the level of 1 TLV. 6. There was no significant sample loss during 3 weeks of storage at room temperature and 5 weeks of storage at refrigeration.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.46
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• pp.173-197
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• 2017

The present work aims to analyze the concept of space in $Jes{\acute{u}}s$ $Fern{\acute{a}}ndez$ Santos' work Los bravos. Throughout its pages, one can observe the multidimensional possibilities of space in literature. Throughout time, the concept of literary space has developed and it has been modified constantly in order to meet the needs required for the evolution of narratology. In the past, Aristotle stated that space is the place where characters and physical objects happen to exist. This remained almost unchanged until the Renaissance. In the $19^{th}$ century, space stopped being considered just a mere scene where the action takes place as it was given more importance by romantic authors in their works. Realism intensified the spaces as the interior of the house. In fact, the descriptions of space became more important. In this article, I focus on the various meanings of space in the novel Los bravos. First, I analyze the dichotomy between real and ideal spaces, and continue with the cathartic dimension of the fictional space. Then, I present and analyze the opposition between urban and rustic spaces in this novel, and, finally, I show the confrontation between the spaces of men and women. Through this analysis, we can observe that characters have a space where they feel more comfortable and how, occasionally, they leave their "usual space of action" to reach their "ideal place". Women want to stay in their kitchen to chat with each other, while men prefer to leave the house to visit a cafe with their colleagues. The door and the window divide the border of the worlds of men and women. However, that line is not only dividing the structure of the house, but it is also of a psychological house.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.94-101
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• 2001

The correlation among days to germination, days to flower, days to seed ripening and number of seeds per a pod and their combining were studied in 15 F₁s from the partial six-parent diallel cross in Petunia hybrida. The days to flowering, days to germination and seed number per a pod showed high positive correlation together, however germination percentage and number of seed showed negative correlation with days to ability(SCA) were highly significant for all the characters. The estimates of variance components of SCA were greater than those of GCA for all the characters, showing preponderance of non-additive gene actions for these characters. The line of A and C showed relatively high GCA effect for days to germination and days to flower and the lines of C and G for germination, days to seed ripening and number of seeds per a pod. The crosses of D×G and E×F exhibited high SCA effect for decreasing days to flower and days to germination, and increasing germination percentage and number of seeds per a pod. The broad sense heritability was generally high compared to narrow sense one in the 5 characters. The higher heritability values of both broad and narrow sense were shown in the days to ripening and number of seeds per a pod.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.118-126
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• 2012

In this study, two types of ozone generating experimental instrument were installed in commercial livestock manure fertilization facility, which can treat hundred tons of pig manure in a day. Gas samples to be treated were collected from the upper part of the liquid fertilization system and composting system of the commercial livestock manure fertilization facility. The gas sample was flowed to oxidation reactor through pipe line by suction blower, therefore, contacted with ozone. Ammonia and sulfur compounds of gas samples collected from the inlet and outlet point of the experimental instrument were analyzed. The oxidation effect by the contact with ozone was higher in sulfur compounds than ammonia. Ammonia content was reduced about 10% by ozone contact. Sulfur compounds, on the other hand, reduced significantly while treated with ozone. In case of gas sample collected from liquid fertilization system, the concentrations of hydrogen sulfide ($H_2S$), methyl mercaptan (MM), dimethyl sulfide (DMS), and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) of inlet gas were 50.091, 4.9089, 27.8109 and 0.4683 ppvs, respectively. After oxidized by ozone, the concentrations of sulfur compounds were 1.2317, 0.3839, 14.7279 and 0.3145 ppvs, respectively. Another sample collected from aerobic composting system was oxidized in the same conditions. The concentrations of $H_2S$, MM, DMS and DMDS of the sample collected from inlet point of the reactor were 40.6682, 1.3675, 24.2458 and 0.8289 ppvs, respectively. After oxidized, the concentrations of $H_2S$, MM, DMS, and DMDS were reduced to 3.013, ND, 8.8998 and 0.3651 ppvs, respectively. By application of another type of ozone, the concentrations of $H_2S$, MM, DMS and DMDS of inlet gas were reduced from 43.397, 1.4559, 3.6021 and 0.4061 to ND, ND, ND, and 0.21ppvs, respectively.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2007

Purpose : A simple, rapid, and highly sensitive analytical method for Gb3 in plasma was developed without labor-ex tensive pre-treatment by electrospray ionization MS/ MS (ESI-MS/MS). Measurement of globotriaosy lceramide (Gb3, ceramide trihex oside) in plasma has clinical importance for monitoring after enzyme replacement therapy in Fabry disease patients. The disease is an X-linked lipid storage disorder that results from a deficiency of the enzyme ${\alpha}$-galactosidase A (${\alpha}$-Gal A). The lack of ${\alpha}$-Gal A causes an intracellular accumulation of glycosphingolipids, mainly Gb3. Methods : Only simple 50-fold dilution of plasma is necessary for the extraction and isolation of Gb3 in plasma. Gb3 in diluted plasma was dissolved in dioxane containing C17:0 Gb3 as an internal standard. After centrifugation it was directly injected and analyzed through guard column by in combination with multiple reaction monitoring mode of ESI-MS/MS. Results : Eight isoforms of Gb3 were completely resolved from plasma matrix. C16:0 Gb3 occupied 50% of total Gb3 as a major component in plasma. Linear relationship for Gb3 isoforms w as found in the range of 0.001-1.0 ${\mu}g$/mL. The limit of detection (S/N=3) was 0.001 ${\mu}g$/mL and limit of quantification was 0.01 ${\mu}g$/mL for C16:0 Gb3 with acceptable precision and accuracy. Correlation coefficient of calibration curves for 8 Gb3 isoforms ranged from 0.9678 to 0.9982. Conclusion : This quantitative method developed could be useful for rapid and sensitive 1st line Fabry disease screening, monitoring and/or diagnostic tool for Fabry disease.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.306-314
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• 2003

Purpose : In our Previous study, we have shown the main cel1 death pattern Induced by irradiation or protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitors in K562 human myeiogenous leukemic cell line. Death of the cells treated with irradiation alone was characterized by mitotic catastrophe and typical radiation-induced apoptosis was accelerated by herblmycin A (HMA). Both types of cell death were inhibited by genistein. In this study, we investigated the effects of HMA and genistein on cell cycle regulation and its correlation with the alterations of radiation-induced cell death. Materials and Methods: K562 cells In exponential growth phase were used for this study. The cells were Irradiated with 10 Gy using 6 MeV Linac (200-300 cGy/min). Immediately after irradiation, cells were treated with 250 nM of HMA or 25 $\mu$N of genistein. The distributions of cell cycle, the expressions of cell cycle-related protein, the activities of cyclin-dependent kinase, and the yield of senescence and differentiation were analyzed. Results: X-irradiated cells were arrested In the G2 phase of the cell cycle but unlike the p53-positive cells, they were not able to sustain the cell cycle arrest. An accumulation of cells in G2 phase of first ceil-cycle post-treatment and an increase of cyclin Bl were correlated with spontaneous, premature, chromosome condensation and mitotic catastrophe. HMA induced rapid G2 checkpoint abrogation and concomitant p53-independent Gl accumulation. HMA-induced cell cycle modifications correlated with the increase of CDK2 kinase activity, the decrease of the expressions of cyclins I and A and of CDK2 kinase activity, and the enhancement of radiation-induced apoptosis. Genistein maintained cells that were arrested in the G2-phase, decreased the expressions of cyclin Bl and cdc25c and cdc25C kinase activity, increased the expression of pl6, and sustained senescence and megakaryocytic differentiation. Conclusion: The effects of HMA and genistein on the radiation-induced cell death of KS62 cells were closely related to the cell cycle regulatory activities. In this study, we present a unique and reproducible model in which for investigating the mechanisms of various, radiation-induced, cancer cell death patterns. Further evaluation by using this model will provide a potent target for a new strategy of radiotherapy.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.220-225
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• 2007

This study was performed to measure the antioxidative, antimutagenic, and cytotoxic properties of Prunus armeniaca using the DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical donating method, the Ames test, and cytotoxicity measurements, respectively. Electron-donating abilities were 48.3, 43.9, 14.8 and 12.9 per g dry matter of P. armeniaca seed (PAS), P. armeniaca flesh(PAF), butylated hydroxytoluene, and ${\alpha}-tocopherol$, respectively. The direct antimutagenic effects of an ethanol extract of P. armeniaca were examined in Ames tests using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 as reporter organisms. In the Ames test, the ethanol extract of P. armenicaca alone did not exhibit any mutagenicity but the extract did show substantial inhibitory effects against mutations induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG) and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide(4NQO). The ethanol extract of PAS(200g dry matter/plate) inhibited strain TA98 mutagenesis induced by 4NQO by ca. 37.9%, and mutation inhibition values of 42.1% and 69.4%, respectively, were observed when 4NQO and MNNG acted on the TA100 strain. The cytotoxic effects of ethanol extracts of P. armeniaca against cell lines of human lung carcinoma(A549), human breast adenocarcinoma(MCF-7), human hepatocellular carcinoma(Hep3B), human cervical adenocarcinoma(HeLa), and human gastric carcinoma(AGS) rose with increases in extract concentration. An ethanol extract(4mg/mL dry matter) of PAF showed strong cytotoxicities of 88.2%, 58%, 72.8%, 89.4%, and 91.9% against A549, AGS, MCF-7, HeLa, and Hep3B cells, respectively. In contrast, the same extract showed only 13 37% cytotoxicity for a nomal human kiney cell line(293). It is suggested that P. armeniaca possesses useful antioxidative, antimutagenic, and anticancer properties.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.229-234
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• 1999

The effects of linoleic acid(LA, 18 : 2) and/or bovine serum albumin(BSA) on the lipid metabolism in human hepatoma cell line HepG2 cells were evaluated. HepG2 cells were cultured in basal Dulbecco's modified Eagle's(DME) medium(Basal medium), DME medium containing 0.2 mM LA(LA medium), or DME medium containing both 0.2 mM LA and 0.2-1.0% BSA(LA+BSA medium). $[^{14}C]Acetate(0.3\;{\mu}Ci/ml\;medium)$ was added as a radioactive lipid precursor and the cells were incubated for 6 hours. An addition of LA to basal medium resulted in a decrease in the incorporation of $[^{14}C]acetate$ into total cholesterol fraction. In contrast, an addition of BSA to LA-containing medium tended to increase the incorporation of $[^{14}C]acetate$ into total cholesterol. The alteration of cholesterol metabolism in HepG2 cells incubated in LA+BSA medium was attributed by an increase in the incorporation of $[^{14}C]acetate$ into free cholesterol, but not cholesteryl ester fraction. In addition, the secretion of cholesterol was increased by LA+BSA medium, suggesting that BSA stimulates cholesterol secretion. No significant change in the incorporation of $[^{14}C]acetate$ into cellular total lipids was observed among the experimental groups. However, an increased incorporation of $[^{14}C]-labelled$ fatty acid into cellular triacylglycerol and decreased incorporation into phospholipid were observed in cells incubated with LA+BSA medium as compared to those of LA medium. The secretions of $[^{14}C]-labelled$ triacylglycerol, phospholipid, and free fatty acid were also stimulated in HepG2 cells incubated with LA+BSA medium. In conclusion, the present study suggests that in human hepatocytes, LA and BSA influence lipid metabolism, and BSA enhances the secretion of lipids.