• 산업식품공학
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.93-98
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• 2017

박력분에 대한 양배추 분말 대체량을 0-8%로 달리하여 쿠키를 제조한 후 물리 화학적 품질특성, 산화방지 활성 및 소비자 기호도를 조사하였다. 양배추 분말 첨가량에 따른 쿠키 반죽 밀도의 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았으나(p>0.05), 반죽의 pH와 수분함량은 각각 유의적으로 감소 또는 증가하였다(p<0.05). 쿠키의 퍼짐성과 경도는 양배추 분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 유의적으로 증가한 반면, 손실률은 유의적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였다(p<0.05). 한편 명도($L^*$), 황색도($b^*$) 모두 양배추 분말의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 감소하였으나(p<0.05), 적색도($a^*$)는 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 산화방지 활성을 나타내는 DPPH에 대한 전자공여능 및 ABTS에 대한 라디칼 소거능은 유의적인 차이를 보이며 증가하였고(p<0.05), 두 지표간에 매우 높은 상관관계를 보였다. 소비자 검사 결과, 2% 첨가군은 모든 항목에서 대조군과 대등한 평점을 받았고, 특히 색, 부드러운 정도, 전체적인 기호도에서 유의적으로 가장 높은 평점을 받았다(p<0.05). 한편 양배추 분말 첨가량이 4%를 초과하면 부드러운 정도를 제외한 모든 평가항목에서 기호도가 급격히 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 양배추 분말의 생리적 활성과 쿠키의 관능적 품질을 고려한 최적의 첨가농도는 2%가 가장 적절한 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.33-43
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• 2023

This study compared the nutritional composition of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss from different inland-based trout farms. The proximate composition ranges of the fish were 67.10-72.77 g/100 g moisture, 19.13-21.35 g/100 g crude protein, 5.12-11.72 g/100 g crude lipid, and 1.24-1.97 g/100 g ash. In addition, rainbow trout contained significantly different mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acid concentrations, ranging from 1.31 to 4.33 g/100 g and 1.21 to 3.2 g/100 g, respectively. The content of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids ranged from 0.68 to 1.68 and from 0.49 to 1.61 g/100 g, respectively. The n-6/n-3 ratio was in the range of 0.79-1.59. The vitamin content of the rainbow trout from the different farms was 14.83-49.30 ㎍/100 g vitamin A, 922.05-3,179.38 ㎍/100 g alpha-tocopherol, ND-73.59 ㎍/100 g, gamma-tocopherol, 2.97-14.55 ㎍/100 g vitamin D, and 76.63-126.03 ㎍/100 g vitamin B₂. Slight differences were observed in the crude lipid, fatty acid, and vitamins A and E contents among the of rainbow trouts from the different farms. The results suggest that the fish nutrient composition, especially that of lipids, was significantly different among rainbow trouts from different farms, but may not be related to the production area.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.45.1-45.22
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• 2023

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) involves persistent inflammation and fibrosis, leading to respiratory failure and even death. Adult tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show potential in ILD therapeutics but obtaining an adequate quantity of cells for drug application is difficult. Daewoong Pharmaceutical's MSCs (DW-MSCs) derived from embryonic stem cells sustain a high proliferative capacity following long-term culture and expansion. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of DW-MSCs in experimental mouse models of ILD. DW-MSCs were expanded up to 12 passages for in vivo application in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and collagen-induced connective tissue disease-ILD mouse models. We assessed lung inflammation and fibrosis, lung tissue immune cells, fibrosis-related gene/protein expression, apoptosis and mitochondrial function of alveolar epithelial cells, and mitochondrial transfer ability. Intravenous administration of DWMSCs consistently improved lung fibrosis and reduced inflammatory and fibrotic markers expression in both models across various disease stages. The therapeutic effect of DW-MSCs was comparable to that following daily oral administration of nintedanib or pirfenidone. Mechanistically, DW-MSCs exhibited immunomodulatory effects by reducing the number of B cells during the early phase and increasing the ratio of Tregs to Th17 cells during the late phase of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Furthermore, DW-MSCs exhibited anti-apoptotic effects, increased cell viability, and improved mitochondrial respiration in alveolar epithelial cells by transferring their mitochondria to alveolar epithelial cells. Our findings indicate the strong potential of DW-MSCs in the treatment of ILD owing to their high efficacy and immunomodulatory and anti-apoptotic effects.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.647-659
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• 2023

Objective: The study was conducted to investigate the effect of correct occlusion of the left atrial appendage (LAA) on intracardiac blood flow and thrombus formation in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) using four-dimensional (4D) flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and three-dimensional (3D)-printed phantoms. Materials and Methods: Three life-sized 3D-printed left atrium (LA) phantoms, including a pre-occlusion (i.e., before the occlusion procedure) model and correctly and incorrectly occluded post-procedural models, were constructed based on cardiac computed tomography images from an 86-year-old male with long-standing persistent AF. A custom-made closed-loop flow circuit was set up, and pulsatile simulated pulmonary venous flow was delivered by a pump. 4D flow MRI was performed using a 3T scanner, and the images were analyzed using MATLAB-based software (R2020b; Mathworks). Flow metrics associated with blood stasis and thrombogenicity, such as the volume of stasis defined by the velocity threshold ($\left|\vec{V}\right|$ < 3 cm/s), surface-and-time-averaged wall shear stress (WSS), and endothelial cell activation potential (ECAP), were analyzed and compared among the three LA phantom models. Results: Different spatial distributions, orientations, and magnitudes of LA flow were directly visualized within the three LA phantoms using 4D flow MRI. The time-averaged volume and its ratio to the corresponding entire volume of LA flow stasis were consistently reduced in the correctly occluded model (70.82 mL and 39.0%, respectively), followed by the incorrectly occluded (73.17 mL and 39.0%, respectively) and pre-occlusion (79.11 mL and 39.7%, respectively) models. The surfaceand-time-averaged WSS and ECAP were also lowest in the correctly occluded model (0.048 Pa and 4.004 Pa^-1, respectively), followed by the incorrectly occluded (0.059 Pa and 4.792 Pa^-1, respectively) and pre-occlusion (0.072 Pa and 5.861 Pa^-1, respectively) models. Conclusion: These findings suggest that a correctly occluded LAA leads to the greatest reduction in LA flow stasis and thrombogenicity, presenting a tentative procedural goal to maximize clinical benefits in patients with AF.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제87권1호
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• pp.65-79
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• 2024

Background: Exhaled condensates contain inflammatory biomarkers; however, their roles in the clinical field have been under-investigated. Methods: We prospectively enrolled subjects admitted to pulmonology clinics. We collected exhaled breath condensates (EBC) and analysed the levels of six and 12 biomarkers using conventional and multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Results: Among the 123 subjects, healthy controls constituted the largest group (81 participants; 65.9%), followed by the preserved ratio impaired spirometry group (21 patients; 17.1%) and the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) group (21 patients; 17.1%). In COPD patients, platelet derived growth factor-AA exhibited strong positive correlations with COPD assessment test (ρ=0.5926, p=0.0423) and COPD-specific version of St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ-C) score (total, ρ=0.6725, p=0.0166; activity, ρ=0.7176, p=0.0086; and impacts, ρ=0.6151, p=0.0333). Granzyme B showed strong positive correlations with SGRQ-C score (symptoms, ρ=0.6078, p=0.0360; and impacts, ρ=0.6007, p=0.0389). Interleukin 6 exhibited a strong positive correlation with SGRQ-C score (activity, ρ=0.4671, p=0.0378). The absolute serum eosinophil and basophil counts showed positive correlations with pro-collagen I alpha 1 (ρ=0.6735, p=0.0164 and ρ=0.6295, p=0.0283, respectively). In healthy subjects, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁)/forced vital capacity demonstrated significant correlation with CC chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3)/macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (ρ=0.3897 and p=0.0068). FEV₁ exhibited significant correlation with CCL11/eotaxin (ρ=0.4445 and p=0.0017). Conclusion: Inflammatory biomarkers in EBC might be useful to predict quality of life concerning respiratory symptoms and serologic markers. Further studies are needed.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제90권6호
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• pp.611-633
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• 2024

This study intends to investigate the response of multi-cell (MC) beams to flexural loads in which the primary reinforcement is composed of both metallic and non-metallic materials. "Multi-cell" describes beam sections with multiple longitudinal voids separated by thin webs. Seven reinforced concrete MC beams measuring 300×200×1800 mm were tested under flexural loadings until failure. Two series of beams are formed, depending on the type of main reinforcement that is being used. A control RC beam with no openings and six MC beams are found in these two series. Series one and two are reinforced with metallic and non-metallic main reinforcement, respectively, in order to maintain a constant reinforcement ratio. The first crack, ultimate load, deflection, ductility index, energy absorption, strain characteristics, crack pattern, and failure mode were among the structural parameters of the beams under investigation that were documented. The primary variables that vary are the kind of reinforcing materials that are utilized, as well as the kind and quantity of mesh layers. The outcomes of this study that looked at the experimental and numerical performance of ferrocement reinforced concrete MC beams are presented in this article. Nonlinear finite element analysis (NLFEA) was performed with ANSYS-16.0 software to demonstrate the behavior of composite MC beams with holes. A parametric study is also carried out to investigate the factors, such as opening size, that can most strongly affect the mechanical behavior of the suggested model. The experimental and numerical results obtained demonstrate that the FE simulations generated an acceptable degree of experimental value estimation. It's also important to demonstrate that, when compared to the control beam, the MC beam reinforced with geogrid mesh (MCGB) decreases its strength capacity by a maximum of 73.33%. In contrast, the minimum strength reduction value of 16.71% is observed in the MC beams reinforced with carbon reinforcing bars (MCCR). The findings of the experiments on MC beams with openings demonstrate that the presence of openings has a significant impact on the behavior of the beams, as there is a decrease in both the ultimate load and maximum deflection.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제66권2호
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• pp.326-339
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• 2024

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of protease supplementation and different nutrient density of diets in growing-finishing pigs. A total of one hundred-eight crossbred growing pigs ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc) with an initial body weight (BW; 18.74 ± 3.46 kg) were used for 15 weeks. Pigs were randomly assigned to six dietary treatments with 6 replicates of 3 pigs per pen in a 3 × 2 factorial through the following arrangement: Three groups of protease (1, Basal diets; 2, Protease A: 125 mg/kg protease derived from Streptomyces sps; 3, Protease B: 100 mg/kg protease derived from Bacillus licheniformis) at two different nutrient density diets (1, Basal requirement; 2, 0.94%-0.98% higher than requirement in dietary protein and 50 kcal/kg in energy). High nutrient (HN) diets showed higher average daily gain (ADG) (p < 0.05) and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of crude protein (CP) (p < .0001) compared to basal nutrient (BN) diets during growing periods. Supplementation of protease showed higher BW (p < 0.05) and ADG (p < 0.05) compared to non-supplementation of protease during growing periods. Also, supplementation of protease showed higher ATTD of CP (p < 0.01), ATTD of gross energy (p < 0.05) and decreased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level (p = 0.001) compared to non-supplementation of protease during finishing periods. Pigs which fed the protease showed decreased ammonia (NH₃) emissions (p < 0.05) during experiment periods and decreased hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) emissions (p < 0.01) during finishing periods. Interactions between nutrient density and protease were observed, which decreased the feed conversion ratio (p < 0.05) in HN diets without protease compared to BN diets without protease during weeks 4 to 6. Also, interaction between nutrient density and protease was observed, which resulted in improved ATTD of CP (p < 0.01) in response to PTA supplementation with HN diets during the finishing period. In conclusion, supplementation of protease reduces NH₃ in feces and BUN in whole blood by increasing the digestibility of CP and improves growth performance. Also, diets with high nutrient density improved growth performance and nutrient digestibility in growing periods.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.627-637
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• 2023

Background: Damage to the healthy intestinal epithelial layer and regulation of the intestinal immune system, closely interrelated, are considered pivotal parts of the curative treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Plant-based diets and phytochemicals can support the immune microenvironment in the intestinal epithelial barrier for a balanced immune system by improving the intestinal microecological balance and may have therapeutic potential in colitis. However, there have been only a few reports on the therapeutic potential of plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PENs) and the underlying mechanism in colitis. This study aimed to assess the therapeutic effect of PENs from Panax ginseng, ginseng-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (GENs), in a mouse model of IBD, with a focus on the intestinal immune microenvironment. Method: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of GENs on acute colitis, we treated GENs in Caco2 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced RAW 264.7 macrophages and analyzed the gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 by real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Furthermore, we further examined bacterial DNA from feces and determined the alteration of gut microbiota composition in DSS-induced colitis mice after administration of GENs through 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. Result: GENs with low toxicity showed a long-lasting intestinal retention effect for 48 h, which could lead to effective suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6 production through inhibition of NF-κB in DSS-induced colitis. As a result, it showed longer colon length and suppressed thickening of the colon wall in the mice treated with GENs. Due to the amelioration of the progression of DSS-induced colitis with GENs treatment, the prolonged survival rate was observed for 17 days compared to 9 days in the PBS-treated group. In the gut microbiota analysis, the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidota was decreased, which means GENs have therapeutic effectiveness against IBD. Ingesting GENs would be expected to slow colitis progression, strengthen the gut microbiota, and maintain gut homeostasis by preventing bacterial dysbiosis. Conclusion: GENs have a therapeutic effect on colitis through modulation of the intestinal microbiota and immune microenvironment. GENs not only ameliorate the inflammation in the damaged intestine by downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines but also help balance the microbiota on the intestinal barrier and thereby improve the digestive system.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2004

본 연구는 우리나라에 건축되어져 있는 개방식 육성$\cdot$비육돈사나 무창식 육성$\cdot$비육돈사에 대한 효율 비교분석 연구가 없는 실정으로 개방식 육성$\cdot$비육돈사와 무창식 육성$\cdot$비육돈사의 환경효율을 검증하고자 하였다. 겨울철과 여름철로 나누어 실시한 실험결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 무창식 육성 비육돈사는 외부의 기온 변화가 심하더라도 돈사내부의 온도는 외부기온의 영향을 받지 않고 여름철 $31.8\~33.8^{\circ}C$, 겨울철 $17.9\~19.5^{\circ}C$를 유지하였으나 개방식 육성$\cdot$비육돈사는 여름철 32.1$\~$32.9, 겨울철 $15.8\~16.7^{\circ}C$를 유지하여 온도효율이 낮았다. 2. G2, G4 육성$\cdot$비육돈사는 돼지생활 공간(하부) 지점에서의 공기유속은 겨울철 최소환기($5\%$) 수준으로 하였을 때 0.2$\~$0.3 m/s 였으며, 여름철 최대환기($95\%$) 수준에서는 0.5$\~$0.6 m/s로 분포되어 여름철 및 겨울철의 육성$\cdot$비육돈사내 공기유속이 G1, G3 육성$\cdot$비육돈사보다 양호하였다. 3. 암모니아 농도를 측정한 바 G2, G4 육성$\cdot$비육돈사는 여름철 13.3$\~$16.6 ppm, 겨울철14.0$\~$~14.6 ppm으로 측정되었으며, G1, G3 육성$\cdot$비육돈사는 여름철 14.6$\~$20.3 ppm, 겨울철 20.3$\~$25 ppm을 유지하여 G1, G3 육성$\cdot$비육 돈사보다는 낮게 나타났다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.343-349
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• 2002

배경: 흰쥐의 기도에 과산화수소를 분무함으로서 급성 염증성 반응을 일으켜 phospholipase $A_2$(PLA$_2$)와 endogenous oxidative stress에 산소기가 어떤 영항을 미치는지에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 호중구에 의해 유리된 산소기가 phospholipase $A_2$를 다시 활성화시킨다는 가설을 증명하기위해 phospholipase $A_2$의 활성도와 lysoplatelet activating factor acetyltransferase(lysoPAF AT)를 수산화수소 분무 5시간 후에 측정하였다. 또한, PLA$_2$활성화에 따른 나쁜 영향에 대해 알아보기 위하여 폐 질량/체중의 비, bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL)내의 단백 함량을 측정하였다. 폐장 내의 염증반응은 호중구의 폐장내 침윤에 따른 respiratory burst에 의한 oxidative stress가 그 원인일 것으로 추정되므로 BAL 내의 호중구 수와 myeloperoxidase(MPO)수치를 측정하였다. 또한 oxidative stress에 의한 영향을 화인하기 위하여 형태학적, 조직화학적 검사도 시행하였다. 결과: 과산화수소를 투여하고 5시간 뒤에 폐장은 심한 호중구의 침윤 및 폐 질량의 증가를 볼 수 있었다. BAL 내의 단백 함량은 정상폐의 경우에서보다 훨씬 증가된 것을 볼 수 있었다. PLA$_2$의 활성도 또한 증가되어 있었다. 흥미롭게도, 과산화수소를 투여한 폐에서 lysoPAF AT 활성도의 증가를 측정함으로서 platelet activating factor(PAF) 생성의 증가를 확인할 수 있었다. 형태학적으로, 광학현미경상 폐장의 무기폐 및 염증세포의 침윤을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이것은 PLA$_2$의 활성화에 따라 생성된 염증성 지질 분자에 의해 초래된 결과라고 생각되어진다. Cerium chloride 세포화학 전자 현미경상 많은 양치 cerrous perhydroxide의 침윤을 관찰할 수 있었다. 반면 정상 폐장에서는 전혀 관찰되어지지 않았다. 결론: 이상의 모든 결과들은 호중구에 의한 oxidative stress에 의한 폐장의 손상과 일치하므로 산소기에 의해 생성된 PLA$_2$가 내인성 oxidative stess에 관여한다고 볼 수 있다.