• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.24 no.8B
• /
• pp.1444-1455
• /
• 1999

In the standard location strategy such as IS-41 and GSM, Home Location Register(HLR) and Visitor Location Register(VLR) databases are used to manage the location of mobile terminals. The primary goal that location management schemes investigate is to reduce the cost of database access and the traffic for signaling network. When mobile terminals move frequently, one of problems in the standard location management scheme is that HLR database is highly updated and the traffic in signaling network can be occurred significantly due to high message transfer rate between HRL and VLR. As a solution to these problems, this paper proposes the location management scheme using VLR Gateway(VG) to reduce the both traffics of HLR update and signaling network which are resulted from location registration requirements of mobile terminals whenever they cross their registration area boundary. VG is a kind of database that is placed between HLR and VLR. It integrates one or more registration area defined in a system into one group and plays a role on behalf of HLR in a integrated registration scope so that the call delivery and the movement of mobile terminals are possible without HLR access in the scope. In order to evaluate performance of IS-41 and proposed scheme, we simulate two schemes based on wide range of call to mobility ratio. Its experiment result shows that in the proposed scheme total database cost increased slightly whereas HLR and signaling traffic decreased remarkably.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2008.11a
• /
• pp.430-430
• /
• 2008

Using multi plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition system (Multi-PECVD), p-a-Si:H deposition layer as a $p^+$ region which was annealed by laser (Q-switched fiber laser, $\lambda$ = 1064 nm) on an n-type single crystalline Si (100) plane circle wafer was prepared as new doping method for single crystalline interdigitated back contact (IBC) solar cells. As lots of earlier studies implemented, most cases dealt with the excimer (excited dimer) laserannealing or crystallization of boron with the ultraviolet wavelength range and $10^{-9}$ sec pulse duration. In this study, the Q-switched fiber laser which has higher power, longer wavelength of infrared range ($\lambda$ = 1064 nm) and longer pulse duration of $10^{-8}$ sec than excimer laser was introduced for uniformly deposited p-a-Si:H layer to be annealed and to make sheet resistance expectable as an important process for IBC solar cell $p^+$ layer on a polished n-type Si circle wafer. A $525{\mu}m$ thick n-type Si semiconductor circle wafer of (100) plane which was dipped in a buffered hydrofluoric acid solution for 30 seconds was mounted on the Multi-PECVD system for p-a-Si:H deposition layer with the ratio of $SiH_4:H_2:B_2H_6$ = 30:120:30, at $200^{\circ}C$, 50 W power, 0.2 Torr pressure for 20 minutes. 15 mm $\times$ 15 mm size laser cut samples were annealed by fiber laser with different sets of power levels and frequencies. By comparing the results of lifetime measurement and sheet resistance relation, the laser condition set of 50 mm/s of mark speed, 160 kHz of period, 21 % of power level with continuous wave mode of scanner lens showed the features of small difference of lifetime and lowering sheet resistance than before the fiber laser treatment with not much surface damages. Diode level device was made to confirm these experimental results by measuring C-V, I-V characteristics. Uniform and expectable boron doped layer can play an important role to predict the efficiency during the fabricating process of IBC solar cells.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.8 no.5
• /
• pp.532-536
• /
• 1998

This study was designed to observe the effects of the feeding Gentiana scabra Bunge var.buergeri Max. extract on the improvement of the blood glucose, lipids in the serum of dietary hyperlipidemic rats (S.D. strain, ♂) fed the experimental diets for 4 weeks. Concentration of blood glucose was significantly higher in the cholesterol administration groups (group 2(cholesterol+water), 3(cholesterol+Gentiana scabra Bunge extract) than those in the control group(group 1 (water)). Blood glucose concentration was rather lower in the group 3(cholesterol+Gentiana scabra Bunge extract) than in the group 2(cholesterol+water). There was almost little significance among the groups. Concentration of total cholesterol in serum was significantly lower in the group 3 than those in the group 2. Concentration of LDL-cholesterol in serum was significantly lower in the group 3 than that in the group 2. In the ratio of HDL-cholesterol concentration to total cholesterol concentration, Gentiana scabra Bunge extract administration group was higher percentage than in the group 2. Concentration of free cholesterol and cholesteryl ester in serum was significantly lower in the group 3 than in the group 2. Concentrations of triglyceride and phospholipid in serum were decreased in the group 3 than in the high fat diet group. The activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in serum were increased in the all experimental groups than in the control group. From the above research, the Gentiana scabra Bunge var.buergeri Max. exacts were effective on the improvement of the lipid composition in serum of dietary hyperlipidemic rats.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.94-101
• /
• 2002

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the feeding value of rancid rice bran in finishing pigs. In exp. 1, fresh (FRB), rancid (RRB), pelleted and extruded rice bran were used to determine stability and nutrient digestibility. The free fatty acid (FFA) values of FRB and RRB were 8.2 and 15.3%, respectively. Some of the FRB was pelleted ($70^{\circ}C$) or extruded ($110^{\circ}C$). In exp. 2, a total of 48 pigs ($Landrace{\times}Yorkshire{\times}Duroc$, $51.12{\times}0.5kg$) were employed for a 56-d feeding trial with 3 treatments: Control (defatted rice bran+animal fat), 20% FRB (8.2% FFA), and 20% RRB (15.6% FFA). There was a significant difference (p<0.05) in FFA% between raw and pelleted, and extruded rice bran on d 10 after storage. On d 30 the extruded rice bran showed lower (p<0.05) FFA% than the pelleted one. Dry matter digestibility was higher (p<0.05) in processed rice brans (pelleted or extruded) than raw rice bran (FRB or RRB). Energy and protein digestibilities in extruded rice bran were higher (p<0.05) than those in raw rice brans. The digestibilities of isoleucine, leucine and phenylalanine were lower (p<0.05) in RRB than FRB. Pigs fed diets containing FRB grew faster (p<0.05) and showed better feed conversion ratio (p<0.05) than those fed diets containing defatted rice bran or RRB. Carcass characteristics including dressing percentage and backfat thickness were not affected (p>0.05) by dietary treatments. With increasing storage time, the raw pork from RRB showed higher (p<0.05) thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and peroxide value (POV) than those from FRB when stored at $1^{\circ}C$ for 3 weeks. Cooked pork showed rapid increase in TBARS and POV as compared to raw pork regardless of rice bran rancidity. As the storage time passed, Lightness (L) was lower (p<0.05) in RRB than FRB. Redness (a) was higher (p<0.05) in control than rice bran groups when stored 2-3 weeks. However, there was no difference (p>0.05) in redness (a) between the two rice bran groups. In conclusion, feeding rancid rice bran gave negative effects on growth performance and pork quality in finishing pigs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.549-554
• /
• 2002

An experiment was conducted to examine the performance and carcass characteristics of Hanwoo (Korean native beef cattle) heifers and the fatty acid composition of muscle tissues of the heifers when the animals fed diets containing four levels of dried wormwood (Artemisia sp.). For the experiment the animals were given a basal diet consisting of rice straw and concentrate mixed at 3:7 ratio (on DM basis). The treatments were designed as a completely randomized design with two feeding periods. Heifers were allotted in one of four dietary treatments, which were designed to progressively substitute dried wormwood for 0, 3, 5 and 10% of the rice straw in the basal diet. There was no difference in body weight gain throughout the entire period between the treatment groups. Feed conversion rate was improved (p<0.05) only by the 3% dried wormwood inclusion treatment compared with the basal treatment. Carcass weight, carcass yield and backfat thickness of all treatment groups were not altered by wormwood inclusion. The 5% dried wormwood inclusion significantly increased (p<0.05) the size of loin-eye area over the other treatments. The higher levels (5 and 10%) of dried wormwood inclusion resulted in the higher (p<0.05) water holding capacity (WHC) in loin than the lower levels (0 and 3%) of wormwood inclusion. The redness ($a^*$) and yellowness ($b^*$) values of meat color were significantly lower (p<0.05) in the top round muscle of heifers fed the diet containing 3% dried wormwood. There was a profound effect of the progressively increased intake of dried wormwood led to the linear increase of unsaturated fatty acid content and the linear decrease of saturated fatty acid content in the muscle tissues of Hanwoo heifers. It is concluded that the feeding diets containing dried wormwood substituted for equal weights of rice straw at 5% levels would be anticipated to provide better quality roughage for beef heifer production and economical benefits for beef cattle producers.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.37-44
• /
• 2000

In the previous paper (Kim et al., Glycoconjugate Journal 16, 247-252, 1999), heteropolysaccharides from Korean medicinal plant, Phellodendri cortex (Hwangbek) showed a poten B-Iymphocyte-stimulating activity in a system using polyclonal antibody forming cells in C57BL/6XC3H mice at dosages of 2-10 mg. In a series of biolgical active polysaccharides from natural medicinal plants, the polysaccharide fractions were isolated and purified from Phellodendron chinese SCHNEID, and antitumor activities were examined at dosages of 2, 5 and 10 mg/100 g. F-7 and F-8 showed the highest tumor inhibitory activities (inhibition ratio 96.4 and 98.2% in 2 mg/100 g), and in dose of 5 mg/100 g, the inhibitory ratios were 95.3 and 97.5%, respectively. Furthermore, 10 mg/100 g of intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection gave 97.3 and 98.7% of inhibition. In oral administration, the inhibitory activities were not markedly observed, indicating that the polysaccharides are directly acting to immune system. When the effects on TS and TK activities were determined, TS activities in the F-2 and F-7-treated mice were markedly suppressed to 73.7% and 79.5% of that in the control (p<0.01), while there was little difference in TK activity with a slight decrease in F-2 only. However, in i.p. injection, TS activities in the F-2, F-5, F-7 and F-8-treated mice were markedly suppressed to 83% to 85% of that in the control (p<0.01). Furthermore, there was also significant differences in TK activities in F-2, F-5, F-7 and F-8-treated mice (p<0.05). Therefore, polysaccharide fraction F-8 was further purified to active fractions of F-9 and F-11 by gel permeation chromatography using TSK Gel HW50S. The purified polysaccharides of F-9 and F-11 were composed of GlcNAc (47.3%), Gal (24.7%) and Man (28.0%). These results clearly indicated that the i.p. injection is much effective to suppress tumor growth than oral administration.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.135-140
• /
• 2005

This study was performed to develop yut(Korean Traditional Candy), products using dried-persimmon, with the ratio of 5, 10, 15, 20 and $25\%$, and the quality characteristics were investigated. The proximate compositions of dried-persimmon were $29.67\%$ moisture, $1.76\%$ crude protein, $0.18\%$ crude lipids, $1.31\%$ crude ash and $3.92\%$ crude fiber, respectively. Brix of yut products were ranged from $81.5\%$ to $83.0\%$. With increasing the amount of dried-persimmon, hunter's color values of Land b were reduced. In the texture property, the addition of dried-persimmon increased hardness, fracturability, gumminess and chewiness, while decreased adhesiveness. Judging from texture, taste and overall acceptability of the yut product, the recommended substitution level of dried-persimmons was $10\%$. In consumer sensory score, the $twenties\~sixties$ gave high score of color, while the $thirties\~fifties$ gave high score of sweetness. Overall acceptance of yut products of $dried-persimmon$ were good in old-age consumers.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.483-489
• /
• 2006

Considering the development of fusion ingredients rom red ginseng and Cheonggukjang (soybean-fermented food), their commercial powders were evaluated in their Hunter's colors, volatile compounds, and sensory properties depending on manufacturing companies and mixing ratio of both powdered products. Hunters L, a and b values of red ginseng powders were $75.56\sim85.50,\;1.90\sim6.30,\;and\;23.29\sim35.08$, respectively, while those of Cheonggukjang powders were $64.96\sim71.69,\;4.64\sim8.30,\;and\;30.45\sim36.50$, respectively. Volatile compounds were mainly composed of hexanal, $\beta-pinene$, methyl benzene, 3,5-methyl propyl nonane, 2-propanone, decane, and 2,8-dimethyl undecane in red ginseng samples, and of 2,3-butanedione, decane, 2,2,7,7-tetramethyl octane, and 3-methyl butanal in Cheonggukjang samples. Total volatiles of the mixed samples decreased as ginseng decreased and Cheonggukjang increased. The mixed sample of both red ginseng and cheonggukjang in same amounts was the highest in its sensory acceptability, which was composed in the order of 2-propanone, 2-butanone, pentane, hexanal and 3-methyl butanal. The above results indicate that red ginseng and Cheonggukjang showed a potential as fusion ingredient for preparing new functional produce through further processing.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.29-37
• /
• 2012

Purpose: To examine the prevalence of $Clostridium$ $difficile$ ($C.$ $difficile$) colonization (CDC) and potential neonatal determinants of CDC in hospitalized preterm infants. Methods: Fecal samples were serially collected within 72 h after birth and at 1, 2, and 4-6 weeks of age from preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) of two different university hospitals. Total bacterial DNA was extracted from each fecal sample from 49 infants, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed with primers for the 16S gene of $C.$ $difficile$ and the toxin A and toxin B genes. The correlation between the results of $C.$ $difficile$ PCR assays and the clinical characteristics of the infants was analyzed. Results: The prevalence rates of CDC were 34.7, 37.2, 41.3, and 53.1% within 72 h after birth and at 1, 2, and 4.6 weeks of age, respectively. The toxin positivity rate was significantly higher in the infants with persistent CDC than in those with transient CDC (8/12 [66.7%] vs. 6/25 [24.5%] ($p$=0.001). Among the various neonatal factors, only the feeding method during the first week after birth was significantly associated with persistent CDC. Exclusive breast-milk feeding (EBMF) significantly decreased the risk of persistent CDC compared to formula or mixed feeding (adjusted odds ratio: 0.133, 95% confidence interval: 0.02-0.898, $p$=0.038). Conclusion: The prevalence of CDC increased with the duration of hospitalization in preterm infants in the NICU. EBMF during the first week after birth in hospitalized preterm infants may protect against persistent CDC.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.50 no.3
• /
• pp.206-211
• /
• 2013

The effect of a $WO_3$ or $Ga_2O_3$ addition on the densification, phase evolution, optical reflectance, and elastic and dielectric properties of $Y_2O_3$-doped AlN ceramics sintered at $1800^{\circ}C$ for 3 h is investigated. The investigated compositions of the additives are 4.5 wt% $Y_2O_3$ (YA), 3.5 wt% $Y_2O_3$-1.0 wt% $Ga_2O_3$ (YGA), and 3.5 wt% $Y_2O_3$-1.0 wt% $WO_3$ (YWA). $YAlO_3$ and $Y_4Al_2O_9$ form as the secondary phases in all of the investigated compositions, whereas $W_2B$ appears additionally in the YWA. In the YGA, Ga is detected in the AlN grains, indicating that the dissolution of $Ga_2O_3$ into the AlN lattice occurs. The addition of $WO_3$ blackens the specimen more significantly than that of $Ga_2O_3$ does. In all of the investigated specimens, the linear shrinkage and the apparent density are above 20 percent and in the range of 3.34-3.37 $g/cm^3$, respectively. The elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, the dielectric constant, and the dielectric loss are in the ranges of 335-368 GPa, 0.146-0.237, 8.60-8.63, $2.65-3.95{\times}10^{-3}$, respectively. The sinterability and the properties of $Y_2O_3$-doped AlN ceramics are not much altered by the addition of $WO_3$ or $Ga_2O_3$.