• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.78 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2021

In this paper, we established the generalized thermoelasticity phenomenon in an isotropic elastic medium considering the electromagnetic field, rotation and two-temperature. Three theories of generalized thermoelasticity have been applied: Lord-Shulman (one relaxation time), Green-Lindsay (two relaxation times), as well as the coupled theory. We discussed some particular cases in the context of the wave propagation phenomenon in thermoelasticity. From solving the fundamental equations, we arrived that there are three waves: P-, T- and SV-waves that we calculated their velocities. The boundary conditions for mechanical stress and Maxwell's stress and thermal insulated or isothermal have been applied to determine the amplitudes ratios (reflection coefficients) for P-, T - and SV waves. Some utilitarian aspects are obtained from the reflection coefficients, presented graphically, and the new conclusions have been presented. Comparisons are made for the results predicted by different theories (CT, LS, GL) in the absence and presence of the electro-magnetic field, rotation, as well as two-temperature on the reflection of generalized thermoelastic waves. The results obtained concluded that the external parameters as the angle of incidence, electromagnetic field, rotation as well as the theories parameters have strong effect on the phenomenon.

• World Technopolis Review
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.186-191
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• 2012

To understand South Korea's economic success several contending paradigms have emerged, ranging from a neo-classical explanation to a statist perspective, and Schumpeterian structuralism. The Korean miracle can be seen as a product of multiple factors involving the strategic choice of export-led growth, timely and active human-capital investment, business activism, and individual innovative ideas. However, South Korea needs more complex and innovative ideas to continue its both economic growth and S&T Development. The ideas of Schumpeterian structuralist needs to be more emphasized. Changing state-society relations and subsequent policy choice are greatly influenced by the industrial life cycle. The industrial life cycle is closely related to the historical sequencing and diffusion of technology. The complex mixture of statist-market-Schumpeterian structuralist perspectives could lead more technologically advanced society in South Korea.

• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.5
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• pp.37-53
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• 2003

In this paper I have considered the subject related with 'the identity of Korean linguistics.' When I have pondered upon the subject I found that all the researches should not be regarded as a part of Korean linguistics only because they followed the scientific methodology. Moreover, it isn't right to accept any of the studies of Korean linguistics only because they relied on the tenet of western linguistic methodology. Although till 1960's various western linguistic methods were introduced to Korean scholars and applied to account for Korean language, abruptly, since 1970's, most theories have inclined to follow tendency of American linguistic trend. Pupils who want to study modem linguistic theories prefer to study at the universities of America rather than other countries in Europe. However, it is necessary to blow that the history of American linguistics isn't really as long as that of European nations and that the humanities has developed fur a long time since the Greek period. If we attempt to contemplate the procedure of the invention of Korean alphabetic system (Hun-Min-Jung-Um) it will be easy to find the fact that the theoretic approaches used to observe and analyze Korean language in 15th century are as good as the most up-to-date theories which have been introduced recently. Therefore, I tried to show that the historical awareness of linguistic theories deserves special emphasis in order to understand the reality of Korean linguistics correctly.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 1998

In this short note we study the torsion theories over a commutative ring R and discuss a relative dimension related to such theories for R-modules. Let ${\sigma}$ be a torsion functor and (T, F) be its corresponding partition of Spec(R). The concept of ${\sigma}$-Cohen Macaulay (abbr. ${\sigma}$-CM) module is defined and some of the main points concerning the usual Cohen-Macaulay modules are extended. In particular it is shown that if M is a non-zero ${\sigma}$-CM module over R and S is a multiplicatively closed subset of R such that, for all minimal element of T, $S{\cap}p={\emptyset}$, then $S^{-1}M$ is a $S^{-1}{\sigma}$-CM module over $S^{-1}$R, where $S^{-1}{\sigma}$ is the direct image of ${\sigma}$ under the natural ring homomorphism $R{\longrightarrow}S^{-1}R$.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.33 no.5_6
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• pp.607-625
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• 2015

Recently, Wang et al. [Computers and Mathematics with Ap-plications 57 (2009) 1232-1248.] and Wang and Watada [Information Sci-ences 179 (2009) 4057-4069.] studied the renewal process and renewal reward process with fuzzy random inter-arrival times and rewards under the T-independence associated with any continuous Archimedean t-norm. But, their main results do not cover the classical theory of the random elementary renewal theorem and random renewal reward theorem when fuzzy random variables degenerate to random variables, and some given assumptions relate to the membership function of the fuzzy variable and the Archimedean t-norm of the results are restrictive. This paper improves the results of Wang and Watada and Wang et al. from a mathematical per-spective. We release some assumptions of the results of Wang and Watada and Wang et al. and completely generalize the classical stochastic renewal theorem and renewal rewards theorem.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.265-294
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• 2004

In this paper, using a simple formula, we evaluate the conditional Fourier-Feynman transforms and the conditional convolution products of cylinder type functions, and show that the conditional Fourier-Feynman transform of the conditional convolution product is expressed as a product of the conditional Fourier-Feynman transforms. Also, we evaluate the conditional Fourier-Feynman transforms of the functions of the forms exp {$\int_{O}^{T}$ $\theta$(s,$\chi$(s))ds}, exp{$\int_{O}^{T}$ $\theta$(s,$\chi$(s))ds}$\Phi$($\chi$(T)), exp{$\int_{O}^{T}$ $\theta$(s,$\chi$(s))d${\zeta}$(s)}, exp{$\int_{O}^{T}$ $\theta$(s,$\chi$(s))d${\zeta}$(s)}$\Phi$($\chi$(T)) which are of interest in Feynman integration theories and quantum mechanics.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.1 no.2 s.2
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• pp.116-136
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• 1992

Architectural essence of John Ruskin's discourse can resolve itself into natural beauty, craftmanship, and truth in structure, surface, and process. His theories became disciplines of modern English school, Art and Craft and Free architecture, in aspects of organic architecture, morality, and rationality. These concepts disseminated continental Art Nouveau and also became it's basic principles. But his empirical theories hated use of machine, and should find a ideal model in medieval romanticism of Gothic. Anti-machine, as a instictive guideline of English modern architecture, couldn't cope with the industrialization of 20th century, and Gothic revival interfered with creating a new style. Muthesius' discourses were taught by the power of group movements and modern concept of form in English school, originally by Ruskin. But he accepted the potentiality of machine and mass production, and stressed creating the new German style suitable with machine. With the progress of Deutscher Werkbund, his theories were advanced to 'quality' connected with craftmanship, to discourse on mechanical 'form', and lastly to 'standardization and type' for mass production. Mechanical functionalism of Muthesius and DWB were sophiscated and handed down to Bauhaus, and then finally helped establishment of the Modern Architecture and Internationalism. Both English and German modern architecture owed their contribution as well as limitation to Ruskin and Muthesius as theorists. Through this comparative study, we can see the priority of theory to practice, the theoretical justification based on insight for its society and future, and the practical character of theory itself.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.1686-1692
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• 2012

Densities (${\rho}$), Viscosities (${\eta}$) and ultrasonic speeds (u) of pure acetophenone (AP), propiophenone (PP), $p$-methyl acetophenone ($p$-MeAP), $p$-chloroacetophenone ($p$-ClAP) and those of their binary mixtures with $N$-ethyl aniline ($N$-EA) as a common component, were measured at 303.15 K over the entire composition range. These experimental data were used to calculate the excess volume $V^E$, deviation in ultrasonic speeds ${\Delta}u$, isentropic compressibility $K_s$, intermolecular free length $L_f$, acoustic impedance Z, deviations in isentropic compressibility ${\Delta}K_s$, deviation in viscosity ${\Delta}{\eta}$ and excess Gibbs free energy of activation of viscous flow ($G^{*E}$) at all mole fractions of $N$-ethyl aniline. These parameters, especially excess functions, are found to be quite sensitive towards the intermolecular interactions between component molecules. Theoretical values of viscosity of the binary mixtures were calculated using different empirical relations and theories. The relative merits of these relations and theories were discussed. The experimental results were correlated by using the polynomial proposed by Redlich-Kister equation.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.1105-1111
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• 2005

In order to investigate the meanings and bases of transforming theories of diseases(病傳論), several relevant theories were collected from medical books since . The outside-to-inside changing process(pyoree jeon) was the fundamental pattern in febrile diseases regardless of slang han and wen bing after Han dynasty. But in case of numb disease the three exogenous pathogenic factors of wind, cold and dampness got into each viscera through five tissues like skin, vessesl, flesh, tendons, bones respectively. It was called corresponding changing process(sanghap jeon) here. The pathogenic changing process(byungsa jeon) had complicated details to explain pathologic processes, but could give useful informations on evaluating relative strength of pathogens and tendency ahead. The changing process of diseases of internal injuries were explained in case of emotional distress which is outbroken abruptly didn't follow regular order of viscera-emotion relations. So it was named random changing process(bulcha jeon) after 's usage. And marasmus and asthenic disease followed top-to-down or down-to-top changing process(sangha jeon) based on . There are many types of changing process of diseases between viscera and viscera or viscera and bowels like generation changing process, restriction changing process, changing process between couple, changing process of mutual transmission based on attributions of each element by the theory of 5 phases(五行論). And changing process to a neighbor doesn't have any special relations within two organs but has anatomical contiguity and physiological continuity between them. The transforming theories of diseases bring forth useful understanding on comings and goings of pathogenic factors and tendency and prognosis of disease, so they are needed to be taught in the course of pathology class.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.702-708
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• 2010

This paper proposes a novel linearization method for Takagi.sugeno (TS) fuzzy model. A T-S fuzzy controller consists of linear controllers based on local linear models and the local linear controllers cannot be designed independently because of overall stability conditions which are usually conservative. To use linear control theories easily for T-S fuzzy system, the linearization of T-S fuzzy model is required. However, The linearization of T-S fuzzy model is difficult to be achieved by using existing linearization methods because fuzzy rules and membership functions are included in T-S fuzzy models. So, a new linearization method is proposed for the T-S fuzzy system based on the idea of T-S fuzzy state transformation. For the T-S fuzzy system linearized with uncertainties, a robust optimal controller with the robustness of sliding model control(SMC) is designed.