• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.891-897
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• 2017

Apple (Malus domestica) is a climacteric fruit because of its high respiration and ethylene production. Ethylene affects the fruit by decreasing its quality and storability. Md-ACS1 and Md-ACO1 genes are involved in ethylene biosynthesis in apple; the Md-ACS1-2 and Md-ACO1-1 alleles are associated with low ethylene production. We conducted an analysis to study Md-ACS1 and Md-ACO1, and to examine ethylene production and softening rate of fruit at room temperature ($20^{\circ}C$) storage in 'Fuji (FJ)', 'Golden Supreme (GS)', and 5 cultivars of Korean apples ('RubyS (RS)', 'Hongro (HR)', 'Arisoo (AS)', 'Summer King (SK)', 'Greenball (GB)'). The result showed that an increase in the number of the alleles (ACS1-2, ACO1-1) decreased the ethylene production and softening rate. The presence of ACS1-1/1, ACO1-1/2 was confirmed in GS and the highest ethylene production and softening rate was observed. Ethylene production and softening rate of SK and GB expressing ACS1-1/2, ACO1-1/2 were higher than that of HR and AS, expressing ACS1-2/2, ACO1-1/2, but lower than GS. FJ with ACS1-2/2, ACO1-1/1 showed the lowest ethylene production and softening rate among all cultivars except RS. The Md-ACS1 and Md-ACO1 DNA markers could potentially be used to estimate storability and applied in marker assisted selection the improve the efficiency of apple breeding.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.898-907
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• 2017

This study was aimed to test harvest time effect with polyethylene (PE) film liner, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) treatments on fruit quality attributes in 'Sangjudungsi' persimmon fruit during cold storage. The fruits were harvested 10 days earlier in 2016 than the mature harvest time in 2015. The ethylene production was significantly lower in early harvested fruits than in mature harvested ones. Flesh firmness was maintained higher in 1-MCP treated fruit than in other treatments during cold storage. The rate of fruit weight loss was significantly inhibited by PE film liner treatment during storage, regardless of harvest time. 1-MCP treatment showed less change in fruit peel color variables ($L^*$ and $b^*$) from the calyx-end and equatorial regions during cold storage, compared with those from the control and PE film treatments. The incidence rate of fruit decay and softening was higher in PE film treated fruits than in the other treatments. However, there was no decay detected in AVG treated fruit. The early harvested fruits were maintained higher flesh firmness, compared with mature harvested fruits. Nevertheless, the mature harvested fruits showed much higher soluble solids content, the redness (Hunter a value) of the fruit peel and respiration rate, compared with early harvested fruits. Furthermore, the rate of weight loss in the fruit was remarkably inhibited in the PE film treatment.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.257-262
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• 2008

Purpose: Oral mucositis induced by radiotherapy to the head and neck area, is a common acute complication and is considered as the most severe symptom for cancer patients in the early stages of treatment. This study was proposed to establish the oral mucositis mouse model induced by a single dose of radiation for the facility of testing therapeutic candidates which can be used for the oral mucositis treatments. Materials and Methods: Fifty-five BALB/c mice were divided into four groups: control, 16 Gy, 18 Gy, and 20 Gy. Oral mucositis was induced by a single dose of radiation to the head and neck using 6 MV x-Ray from linear accelerator. After irradiation, body weight and physical abnormalities were checked daily. Tongue tissues from all groups were taken on days 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 14, respectively and H&E staining was conducted to examine morphological changes. Results: Body weight dramatically decreased after day 5 in all irradiated mice. In the 16 Gy treatment group, body weight was recovered on day 14. The histology data showed that the thickness of the epithelial cell layer was decreased by the accumulated time after radiation treatment, up to day 9. Severe ulceration was revealed on day 9. Conclusion: A single dose of 16 Gy is sufficient dose to induce oral mucositis in Balb/C mice. Significant changes were observed in the Balb/C mice on days 7 and 9 after radiation. It is suggested that this mouse model might be a useful standard tool for studying oral mucositis induced by radiation.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.341-347
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• 2008

The feasibility of commercializing the hydrothermal synthesis of Na-A type zeolite from siliceous mudstone has been conducted using a 50-liter bench-scale autoclave and the application of the zeolite as an environmental remediation agent. Siliceous mudstone, which is widely distributed around the Pohang area, was adopted as a precursor. The siliceous mudstone is favorable for the synthesis of zeolite because it contains 70.7% $SiO_2$ and 10.0% $Al_2O_3$, which are major ingredient of zeolite formation. The synthesis of zeolite was carried out under the following conditions that had been obtained from the previous laboratory-scale tests: 10hr reaction time, $80^{\circ}C$ reaction temperature, $Na_2O/SiO_2$ ratio = 0.6, $SiO_2/Al_2O_3$ ratio = 2.0 and $H_2O/Na_2O$ ratio= 98.6. The crystallinity and morphology of the zeolite formed were similar to those obtained from the laboratory-scale tests. The recovery and cation exchange ion capacity were 95% and 215 cmol/kg, respectively, which are slightly higher than those obtained in laboratory scale tests. To examine the feasibility of the zeolite as an environmental remediation agent, experiments for heavy metal adsorption to zeolite were conducted. Its removal efficiencies of heavy metals in simulated waste solutions decreased in the following sequences: Pb > Cd > Cu = Zn > Mn. In a solution of 1500 mg/L total impurity metals, the removal efficiencies for these impurity metals were near completion (> 99%) except for Mn whose efficiency was 98%. Therefore, the synthetic Na-A type zeolite was proven to be a strong absorbent effective for removing heavy metals.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.238-244
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• 2007

To identify the useful biological activities and the superiority in quality of Korean traditional liquors, we prepared the alcohol-free concentrates from different types of commercial traditional liquors, Takju ($T1{\sim}T3$), Yakju/Cheongju ($Y-1{\sim}Y-5$), Fruit wine (F-1) and Soju (S-1, S-2), respectively. We investigate their compositions as well as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-thrombosis activity. Among the 11 traditional liquors, Y-3, Y-4, Y-5 and F-1 showed higher total-polyphenol, total-flavonoids and reducing sugars than the others. The strong antibacterial and anti-thrombosis activities were identified in Y-3, Y-4, Y-5 and F-1, and a minor antioxidant activity was found in F-l. The antibacterial activity of the Y-3, Y-4, Y-5 and F-1 alcohol-free concentrates showed a broad-spectrum, and growth inhibition was found in gram-positive, gram-negative, and ampicillin-resistant bacteria. The sequential solvent fractionation of Y-3, Y-4, Y-5 and F-1, and following analysis showed that ethyl acetate fractions of Y-3, Y-4, Y-5 and F-1 possess strong antibacterial and anti-thrombosis activity. Especially, the ethyl acetate fractions of Y-3, Y-4 and F-1 showed superior anti-thrombosis activity compared than that of aspirin. Our results suggest that the useful substances are produced from substrates and edible plant added during the fermentation, and the Korean traditional liquors could be developed as strong antibacterial and anti-thrombosis agents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2008

This study investigated the anti-hypertensive effect of Phyllostachys pubescens culm extract (PCE) by examining its effects on renal angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition and blood pressure using the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) system. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured weekly for 8 weeks. Also, total antioxidant capacity and protein oxidation of tissues were examined by plasma Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity assay (TEAC) and hepatic protein carbonyl values, respectively. Twenty male SHR were randomly divided into four groups: PCE50, PCE100, and PCE500 (50, 100, and 500 mg of PCE per kilogram bodyweight daily, respectively), and control group. At week 2, the SBP in all PCE groups appeared to be significantly lower than the control (p<0.05), whereas the DBP were not different until week 4 (p<0.05). At week 8, SBP in the PCE500 was lower by 20% than the control. PCE groups considerably suppressed ACE dose-dependently compared with the control. Plasma TEAC and hepatic protein carbonyl values indicated increased antioxidative activity due to the PCE feed. No adverse effect was observed on the liver of SHR as there was no difference for the GOT and GPT values among the groups. Results of this study suggest that ACE inhibition may be one possible mechanism for the blood pressure lowering effect of PCE; thus, long term consumption of PCE may be beneficial in preventing high blood pressure along with the increased antioxidative status.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.432-439
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• 2014

This study investigated the perception of employees in restaurants located in Seoul concerning climate change, food safety against climate change and performance of food safety management. The survey was administered to 535 respondents from June 10~13, 2013. Exactly 52.2% of respondents answered that knew of climate change, whereas 7.3% of respondents answered that they didn't know about climate change. 86.6% of respondents recognized that climate change affects food safety. Among food safety management performance, the highest score was observed for thoroughly cooked foods (more than 1 min at $74^{\circ}C$ as internal temperature of foods). For importance of role of operator, respondents recognized that 'confirming food safety guideline' and 'cleaning and disinfecting environment' were important. For 'whether have you seen the food safety guideline against climate change', 32.5% said 'yes' while 67.3% answered 'no' or 'don't know'. Based on these results, employees in restaurants generally recognize climate change and its relationship with food safety. However, food safety education and related guidelines need to be improved to provide related information.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.425-439
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• 2018

W investigated the environmental factors and inhabiting biota such as macrophytes and zooplankton in 43 sites located on Jeju Island from May and June 2017 to evaluate the spread and ecosystem risk of dotted duckweed (landoltia punctata) which was recently found for the first time in Jeju Island. Dotted duckweeds were found in a total of 18 sites which tended to show low biomass of aquatic macrophyte species other than the dotted duckweed. We conducted a pattern analysis using SOM (Self-Organizing Map), which extracts information through competitive and adaptive properties, to analyze the effect of inhabiting biota on aquatic macrophytes such as the dotted duckweed and environmental factors. The SOM analysis showed that the inhabiting biota such as the zooplankton affected the biomass of aquatic macrophytes than they did the environmental factors. In particular, the biomass of dotted duckweed was positively related to plant-attached species (Alona, Chydorus, and Pleuroxus). Considering that low density of aquatic macrophytes covers the streams and wetlands on Jeju Island because of irregular water source and sharp change of water depth, the dotted duckweeds are likely to play an essential role as the vital habitat for micro-biota including zooplankton in wetlands and streams on Jeju Island. Furthermore, considering that organic matters are utilized as the primary food source in the areas occupied by dotted duckweed, dotted duckweeds have the role of being both habitat and food source. Although the dense growth of dotted duckweed adversely affects growth and development of some aquatic plants due to the shadow effect, it is due to the dominance of floating plants on the water surface should not be regarded as the risk of the dotted duckweed. In conclusion, the dotted duckweeds have spread and settled in most of the water systems on Jeju Island, their impact on inhabiting biota and the aquatic environment was minor. It is necessary to monitor the distribution and spread of dotted duckweeds in the inland areas outside of Jeju Island in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.78-83
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• 2012

The structural change and the electrical conductivity with Sr content in $La_{1-x}Sr_xMn_{0.8}Cu_{0.2}O_3$ (LSMCu) were studied. $La_{0.8}Sr_{0.2}MnO_3$ (LSM) and $La_{1-x}Sr_xMn_{0.8}Cu_{0.2}O_3$ ($0.1{\leq}x{\leq}0.4$) were synthesized by EDTA citric complexing process (ECCP). A decrease in the lattice parameters and lattice volumes was observed with increase of Sr content, and these results were attributed to the increasing $Mn^{4+}$ ions and $Cu^{3+}$ ions in B-site. The electrical conductivity measured from $500^{\circ}C$ to $1000^{\circ}C$ was increased with increase of Sr content in the $0.1{\leq}x{\leq}0.3$ composition range, and it was 172.6 S/cm (at $750^{\circ}C$) and 177.7 S/cm (at $950^{\circ}C$, the maximum value) in x = 0.3. The electrical conductivity was decreased in x = 0.4 because of the presence of the second phase in the grain boundaries. The lattice volume was contracted by increase of $Mn^{4+}$ ions and $Cu^{3+}$ ions in B-site according to increase of Sr content and the electrical conductivity was increased with increase of charge carriers which were involved in the hopping mechanism.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.63-75
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• 2015

As forest therapy is getting more attention than ever, it is important to organize time for activity and location based on spatio-temporal distribution of weather condition in forest. This study aimed to analyze precise spatio-temporal distribution of weather condition by installing long-term weather monitoring device in Yonghyun national natural recreation forest and using acquired weather data in order to support forest recreation and therapy activity. First, we statistically compared 4 models of semi-variogram and the results were all similar. We selected and analyzed the circular model for this study because it was presumed to be the best model for this case. We derived 128 results from the circular model and through semi-variogram, we identified seasonal and temporal distributions of temperature and humidity. Then, we used boxplot, made of partial sill level, to identify significant differences in seasonal and temporal distributions. As a result, in spring and early morning, both temperature and humidity showed equalized result. On the other hand, in summer and early afternoon, both temperature and humidity showed uneven result. In spring and early morning, changes in weather condition are shown little from spatial shifting, it is ideal to perform recreational activities and forest therapy but in summer and early afternoon, it is unadvisable to do so as the changes in weather condition could be harmful unless any other means of preparations are made. This study proposes its significance by analyzing seasonal micro-weather of single recreation forest and presenting seasonal and temporal outcomes.