This study analyses the use of agri-environment concept in South Korean laws and tries to identify the limitations and improvements. The agri-environment has been used in the EU agricultural policy since the mid 1980s, and now became the most important policy in the rural development policy. It has been regarded as a concept explaining the various factors for agricultural production. However, the EU defines it as results of agricultural production which includes not only environmental and natural features but also social and historical resources in rural areas. This definition has played a key role in the 2013 reform of the CAP. Because many developed countries are implementing the agri-environmental policy, South Korea needs to introduce it soon. In doing so, this research explores how the current South Korean laws are dealing with the relationship between agriculture and environment. It reviews 34 laws in total and finds out neither act applying the concept of agri-environment, nor recognizing the role of agricultural production in biological and environmental conservation. Nevertheless, this research identifies that some acts could be a basis for introducing agri-environmental policy in South Korea if they may complement the interrelationship between the agricultural production and conservation of rural resources.
Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
/
v.24
/
pp.335-364
/
1996
The colony education policy of Japanese Empire was, as a su n.0, ppression on national salvation education of Korean, on the one hand it was liquidation of Korean national spirit and other hand, it has the object to Japanizing Koreans through cramming Japanese language and its culture. During the Japanse occupation of Korea, the libraries had two roles, one was to press Korean and its culture and the other was to civilize Koreans for Japanizing. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of rural-mini libraries whether the former or the latter. From 1932 to The Chosun Governor- General Department (Chosun Chongdokboo) actively spread 'The Movement of Rural Development in Korea. At the same time there were many rural -mini libraries in Korean rural and fishing community. Under the colony of Japanese Empire, colony policy was itself very tough that Japanese Empire did their utmost ideas to win Korean culture over and Japanzing Korean with every possible pressures. Since rural-mini libraries were planned by the chosun Governor-General Department, however, were established by Korean themselves with the property of local education center( Hyanggyo). Therefore, rural-mini libraries were as facilities to promote rural economic development for providing Japanese with some materials which need to conduct a war, and to introduce local people to participate in civilizing activity themselves and farmers and fishermen were forced to group to be educated in Japanese language and its reading. Rural-mini libraries were, as it were, not as facilities for enlightening Korean peoples but as facilities for civilizing Koreans.
As people get aged, we need to pay more attention to the elderly living condition with respect to welfare policy. The present study focuses on housing condition of elderly people living in rural area, and analyzes its determinants, periodical difference, and regional disparities, incorporating an index of minimum housing standard. This study applies multi-level logit model that has a strong statistical advantage that can take random aspects of household and regional context into account. We found that married couple household, presence of economically-active family members, higher education, specialized profession, migration and higher level of land price tend to lower the probability of residing in substandard housings. We also found that housing conditions for elderly people prove to be different by regions and it is particularly noticeable in mountainous rural areas in Gyeongsangnam-do and Gyeongsangbuk-do with the poorest elderly housing conditions. Results also implies that housing welfare policies should be implemented differently considering the target groups based on regional differences. We conclude with some additional policy implications for the elderly living in rural areas.
In compare with a major developed countries, Korea consumes much energy, but also eliminates much carbon dioxide. Agricultural sector eliminate much carbon dioxide than industrial sector. In Kyoto protocol, Korea needs to reduce carbon dioxide. One way to reduce carbon dioxide is utilization of biomass in rural area. This paper focus on utilization of biomass in rural area. If use 20% potential amount of biomass, it obtain 50% of TPES on agricultural sector. The condition of utilization biomass is connected with agricultural policy, environmental policy, and energy policy. And environmental restriction keep pace with economical incentive.
Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
/
v.13
no.2
/
pp.357-373
/
2006
The study aims to explore the individual and group agreement of the direct payment of less-favored areas in Japan. This study was conducted by literature review, specialist interview and field visiting. The results of this study were as follows. First, direct payment policy in Japan was consisted of three components which were to maintaining multiple functions, to reorient agriculture sector, and to revitalizing the community activities. Second, the purposes of direct payments with conversion program is to reorient agriculture and revitalize the community activities which were changed from sustaining existing agriculture. Third, the conditions of group agreement is to make a agreement that a group of farmers should make a five-year agreement stipulating activities necessary to prevent the abandonment of farmland and to be more than one hector, and good agricultural practice or other activities favorable or friendly to environment should be implemented. As individual and group agreement, the land area of direct payment was 662,000 ha in less favored areas. In conclusion after direct payment in less favored areas, the abandonment of farmland was mitigated, and the agricultural production activities and community activities had become more vigorous through the discussion for planning their own land in the village.
Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
/
v.21
no.3
/
pp.271-305
/
2014
There is an inescapable requirement in public policy to provide evidence. For the evaluation of the EU Rural Development Policy, the European Commission has designed a Common Monitoring and Evaluation Framework(CMEF). The principal objectives of evaluations are to improve decision-making, resource allocation and accountability. In Korea, howerver, the opinion-based policy by expert is still rural development evaluation system. It does not provide the objective quantitative indicators for impact of rural development project. According to this, the budget-making body (parliament, government, etc.) have questioned the effectiveness of rural development projects, rural development projects often reduced or changed. To improve the accountability of rural development policy, it is necessary to build a reliable monitoring and evaluation system based on the evidence. First, rural development evaluation indicators should be considered the multipul goal of rural development, namely economic development, social development. Second, the purpose of the evaluation is necessary to be designed for the learning rather than reward. Third, the participation by local residents should be strengthened in evaluation process. Finally, it is necessary to establish rural development monitoring and evaluation system, such as CMEF of the EU (CMEF).
Although Korea joined OECD in 1996, there has still seen much unbalance in medical care and welfare standard between urban and rural area. The unbalance of medical demand between urban and rural area deepened low utilization of rural hospitals. So it caused many hospital's failure and conversion in rural area. Many rural hospitals are in difficulty managing business because of low medical demand along with the shortage of medical manpower, medical equipment and facilities. The objectives of this study were to reveal the cause of low utilization of hospitals in rural area, and to increase utilization of those hospitals. In this study the improvement methods of rural hospital's utilization were presented by examining were placed in difficult management condition, in respect of hospital's management conditions, manpower input, patient medical treatment record, financial record, and actual output. The causes of rural hospital's low utilization were as follows; 1) changes in number and structure of population 2) rural people's preference for large hospitals and hospitals which located in urban area 3) rural hospitals lacking in hospital management skill. Consequently rural hospital's operation condition got more and more deteriorated. To raise rural hospital's utilization, method for social policy, method for health policy, and intrinsic method of hospitals were presented in turn. For rural residents to utilize medical service conveniently, it is necessary for rural hospitals operated normally. So government must insist that rural hospitals solve the problems which come out from their internal management problems. And also these rural hospitals should be supported and nurtured by the government until their management is operated normally.
With the increasing number of migrants from urban to rural areas in Korea, Population inflow policies have helped increase the number of urban-to-rural migrants which has eased the labor shortage in rural areas.. But, there are new problems in rural areas caused by the "perception gap in regard to harmony, awareness, pride and opportunity to meet" between the urban-to-rural migrants and the original residents. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors affecting the harmony between the urban-to-rural migrants and residents. A survey was conducted among 70 people living in Hongseong-gun in Chungcheongnam-do with an aim to come up with proposals for policies that can help resolve these social problems in the mutual understanding of urban-to-rural migrants and original residents. An ordered logit model was used to analyze the effect of the perception gap between the urban-to-rural migrants and the rural residents. The result of the survey showed that most of the urban-to-rural migrants believed that the increase in urban-to-rural migrants did not bring harmony to rural areas because of the perception gap. Based on these results, we concluded that the following three policy alternatives would be needed: first, development of urban-to-rural migrant education programs for relatively young men; second, a policy supporting various forms of community gathering in a rural society; third, diversification of urban-to-rural migrant education programs such as communication program and conflict management program, etc.
The purpose of this study is to propose policies to improve and revitalize rural bus services in Jeollabuk-do in the future by identifying the factors that affect service satisfaction and policy satisfaction and the relationship between them, targeting rural bus users in 4 cities and counties in Jeollabuk-do. In the four cities and counties in the study area, the number of rural bus users is continuously decreasing, and various transportation policies, such as unification of bus fares and demand-response transportation, are being piloted to promote bus use. In this study, three major service quality factors that affect rural bus service satisfaction and policy satisfaction were derived after a literature review. Modifying the research model presented in previous studies, we have presented a research model to verify the relationship between the three factors affecting service satisfaction and policy satisfaction, and the relationship between service satisfaction and policy satisfaction. For the verification of the research model, a total of 520 survey data collected from passengers near bus stops and bus terminals in four cities and counties, Gochang, Gimje, Buan, and Jeongeup, were used. As a result of the verification, it was found that the three factors of economic feasibility, convenience, and safety had a statistically positive (+) effect on service satisfaction, but only convenience and safety had a positive (+) effect on policy satisfaction. Contrary to the research hypothesis, it was found that there was no statistically significant relationship between service satisfaction and policy satisfaction. Although the result is different from the research hypothesis, it was a meaningful result that can make policy suggestions on the improvement of the unified fare system policy, service satisfaction, and policy satisfaction to Jeollabuk-do rural bus transportation policy makers and working-level officers. In conclusion, based on the results of research analysis, the unified fare system, and transportation policy, measures to improve service satisfaction and policy satisfaction were presented.
Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
/
v.21
no.2
/
pp.207-225
/
2015
This study attempts to explore settlement and adaptation status involved in differing urban-to-rural migration types in Gyeongbuk Province and suggests policy implications based on this analysis. The attributes of urban-to-rural migrants in Gyeongbuk Province differ spatio-temporally, and their status of settlement and adaptation is also different depending on urban-to-rural migration types. "U-turn" migrants who are mostly first-generation rural-to-urban migrants with experience in farming and rural community life engage primarily in crop agriculture. "J-turns" and "I-turns," who have no experience in farming or rural community life, migrated for idyllic rural life. The household income of these types is relatively low compared to U-turn type. U-turns' degree of adaptation is relatively lower than the other types, and U-turn migrants mainly rely on family and community assets in order to solve problems. J-turns' and I-turns' degree of satisfaction is relatively high. However they typically have substantial difficulties in adapting due to lack of pre-migration preparation. Policy implications are : 'switching away from general and inclusive policies of support,' 'transition to policies embedded in the attributes of regions and migration types,' 'improvement of policy governance,' 'enhancement of support for pre-migration preparation and customized support based on the needs of migrants,' and 'comprehensive improvements of settlement environment to better integrate migrants with current residents.'.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.