• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.27-33
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• 2021

Reclaimed land was mainly used as agricultural land for rice production. As a higher value-added business in the agriculture has recently been activated, green houses are being constructed. In case of green house construction on the reclaimed land, it is generally soft ground with high soil water content, so it is important to design the foundation for greenhouse construction. The object of this study, a pull-out test was conducted to derive the base line data of the wooden pile foundation when constructing a green house. To reproduce the actual site, 30% of soil saturation and 70% of soil saturation were created in the soil box. Groove number and depth were set as design factors of the wooden pile, and a pull-out test was conducted. As a result of the test, pull resistance increased as the number of grooves increased, pull-out resistance according to groove depth was different according to soil saturation. Also, after the experiment, we want to compare the set-up effects over time.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.170-181
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• 1997

The number of modernized green houses have been increased to produce high quality and high-payoff farm products. The unit investment costs per pyeong($3.3058m^2$) for building a glass house was estimated at 449 thousand won. On the other hand, the unit prices for the PC house with iron frame and the vynil house with automatic control system were revealed 365 thousand won and 93 thousand won respectively. The main objective of the study was to identify the financial feasibility of the green house investment prevailed in rural area. At present, some farmers have selected the green house without any consideration of profitability of crops and accessiblity of their fanning practices and technology. For the soundness of green house cultivation and management, the indices of finacial efficiency for the modernized green houses were necessary. The decesion making criteria such as NPV(Net Present Value), IRR(Internal Rate of Return), B/C Ratio and Payback Period were analyzed for the individual high investment facilities considering the present farmer's technology and on-farm benefits and costs. The results of the feasibility analysis of green houses were as follows: 1. In case of 100% private burden of the investment costs, NPV revealed only positive value for the vinyl house with automatic system and IRR for the house was also estimated at more than 10% and B/C Ratio was amounted to more than 1.0. On the other hand, the other glass and PC houses showed negative NPV and unacceptable B/C ratio and IRR. 2. In case of the following terms and conditions as 50% Government subsidy, 20% loans and 30% farmers burden of the total investment cost, all the green houses showed acceptable IRR, B/C Ratio and NPV. 3. The financial feasibility of the glass house was acceptable in tomato cultivation rather than in cucumber cultivation. The payback periods of cucumber were represented as 8.9 years for glass house, 8.5 years for PC house and 4.1 years for vinyl house with automatic system respectively. In conclution, the glass and PC house cultivation of high value vegetables were only acceptable under the Goverment subsidy and loan systems from the view point of farmer's financial situations. On account of the unacceptable economic rate of return, the government subsidy and loan policy for glass house cultivation should be transfered to the vinyl and pc houses in the future.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.214-223
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• 2015

This research aims to study agricultural dwelling welfare's application plan according to empty house reality condition. Study's subject was empty houses in Yeongwol-gul in year 2013. Data analysis was concentrated on measuring questionnaires and SPSSWIN 16.0 was used for statistics of frequency analysis and average analysis. As a result, first, empty house's background occurrence and environment was investigated. Second, due to dead mine and rural exodus, there was increase in the number of empty houses, which damaged regional scenary. Furthermore, the region became a crime-ridden district, which is a social issue. Third, it was found that plans as empty house remodeling, policy support, various alternatives, systematic management, housing welfare, and continuous promotion were needed. This research will provide implications in solving social issues due to empty houses, and through application plan, there will be improvement in agricultural dwelling welfare and income increase. There also will be improvement in environment, and policy source for inducing city people and original residents to empty houses.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.49-64
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• 1995

As a basic research for the reorganization of the rural villages and the enhancement of the rural residential environment this study intends to compare attitudes and perceptions of the residents in the planned districts(Munhwa-Maul) and the existing districts in the two rural villages, Wolam-1-Ri and Woohang-2-Ri The major fadings of this study can be summarized as follows 1) The three types of reorganization of the rural villages are identified $.$ addition of the new residential site to existing village, development of a new village in a new site, redevelopment of existing village 2) The residents have low degrees of satisEaction at medical facilities, park and green spaces, public open spaces 3) The rates of residents who think their village territory include both the planned and the existing district is higher in the Woohang-2-Ri than in the Wolam-1-Ri 4) 57.6% of the farm householders in the two planned districts think the lot sizes are small, But the majority of the residents think the sizes of their houses are adequate. 5) A large number of residents show positive response to the development of the planned district 6) Since the majority of the residents(about 70%) in the two planned districts are not farm householders, new strategies need to be deveolped to induce more farm householders to the planned district.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.17-24
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• 2016

The aim of this study is to build an architectural landscaping design ways of vulnerable community in rural area. I surveyed scenery structures, public buildings and single home forms, and fence types of house in twelve villages which have undertaken improving environment of rural community in four provinces. They all have an inferior surroundings to live in rural village, because they were isolated from the city, located on the mountain or island, and made a living under the slate materials of roof. The central government has been driving to reform the conditions with local office, so that they may increase their living qualities and village environment to get to the general level of rural area. There are three results of this study as follows: First, the scenery of the village surveyed has a remarkable views of locality and hierarchy of layers between field and mountain, which is very identified as a typical image of Korean rural topology. Second, the public buildings and single homes and outside wall of houses were personally designed or reformed as a various types like a flat slab style and different architectural structure, because they followed only to keep the architectural code rather than to make a harmony with other traditional style buildings. When they have to remodel it again through SaethulMaul project, they are needed to consider of both architectural code and design guideline for the local landscape design image. Third, to make a different landscape view of each village and improve housing conditions, it should be taken a people participation design way.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.43-50
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• 2023

This study is an architectural and landscaping analysis view to rural landscape paintings painted by Vincent van Gogh in the late 19th century. The purpose of this research is to discover the expressive techniques of Western art that Van Gogh's landscape paintings have, and to understand the characteristics of the architectural object in his landscape paintings from February 1888 to April 1889 in Arles, southern France. The method of this study is to analyze the landscape paintings of Van Gogh painted during 15 months in Arles. Among the total paintings in Arles, 47% of the paintings he made were landscapes. The following conclusions have three views. First, Vincent van Gogh was born into a Protestant family in the Netherlands and become an artist in his late twenties. While living in Arles, he painted prolific landscapes. Farming, farmers, and rural area related to normal living are the main subjects of paintings. It can be seen as showing the view that everyday life is sublime and should be included as a unitary value. Second, Gogh's rural landscape paintings were painted with linear and aerial perspective with other the expressive techniques, and plane painting structure that leads to two dimension. Third, from an architectural point of view, Van Gogh's paintings depicted simple vernacular architecture such as traditional rural house, mas, thatched houses, and mills in southern France. This means the normal value of the rural landscape through the eyes of the painter.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.65-78
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• 2002

This study was conducted to identify the social support to living alone elderly in some rural communities and the level of life satisfaction. For the purpose of this study, face-to-face interviews and questionnaire were performed with 315 old people(male 43 and female 272) aged over 65 living alone in rural communities covered by 14 community health posts within Gyeongsangbuk-do Province randomly selected. The followings are summaries of findings; The average score of support from their children was $4.29{\pm}2.73$ out of 8. Variables that showed a significant difference were religion, level of living, type of medical insurance, frequency of meeting with children, time taken from houses of children by usual means of transportation, and subjective health status. It was found that the score of support from children was high for the elderly who had a religion, a good level of living, benefit from medical insurance, a high frequency of meeting with children, or a good subjective health status, or who resided close to their children's houses. The level of the support from friends and relatives showed a significant difference depending on the subjective health status, of which the average score was $4.13{\pm}2.61$ out of 8. The average score of the level of life satisfaction was $6.83{\pm}4.24$(male $7.60{\pm}4.09$ and female $6.71{\pm}4.26$) out of 17. Male elderly showed the higher level of life satisfaction than female elderly. Variables that showed a statistically significant difference in the level of life satisfaction were religion, level of living, medical insurance, hobby, children, disease, subjective health status, and ADL. That is, the level of satisfaction with life was found to be higher for the elderly who had a religion, a good level of living, benefit from medical insurance, a hobby, children, no diseases, or a good ADL, or who thought that they are healthy. The regression analysis with support from children as a dependent variable showed that the level of support from children was higher for the elderly who had a good level of living, frequency of meeting with children, or a good subjective health status. The regression analysis with the level of support from friends or relatives was higher for old people who had a good level of living. The regression analysis with the level of life satisfaction as a dependent variable showed that the factors which related to the level of satisfaction were sex, religion, level of living, hobby, ADL, and subjective health status. That is, it was found that for male elderly who had a religion, a good level of living or a hobby, or who thought that they were healthy, the level of life satisfaction was higher.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.230-241
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the level of quality of life and related factors in the elderly with dementia living in their houses of rural area who are receiving dementia partners' supporting activities. Methods: The study participants were 55 elderly people with dementia living in their houses who were participating in the dementia partner pilot project among those registered in the public health center in one area and 55 dementia partners. Data were analyzed by independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. Results: The factors that had a significant effect on quality of life included depression to predict the quality of life in the elderly with dementia. And its explanatory power was 46.8%. Conclusions: Based on these results, it is crucial not only to maintain physical functions but also to decrease depression by emotional support activities so as to enhance their quality of life, therefore, it is required to develop and apply the integrative supporting programs in rural area. From the result that dementia partner's self-compassion would lower the depression in the elderly with dementia significantly, it is considered to develop the programs to enhance dementia partners' self-compassion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.518-528
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• 1993

The purposes of this study are to know the environmental conditions of rural houses, thermal sensation and clothing weight of rural residents and to estimate the standard clothing weight according to their indoor living temperature. In this study, the 631 rural residents of both sexes and all generations were selected from 5 rural districts of Kyunggi, Kangwon, Chungnam, Chonnam and Kyungbuk province and the surveys which include clothes, environmental conditions and thermal sensation carried out 4 times-once in each season-from July 1989 to April 1990. The results of this study are· as follows. 1. The ranges of outdoor temperature are $21{\sim}31^{\circ}C$ in summer, $7{\sim}20^{\circ}C$ in spring/autumn, $-15{\sim}5^{\circ}C$ in winter and those of indoor temperature are $24{\sim}31^{\circ}C$ in summer, $15{\sim}23^{\circ}C$ in spring/autumn, $11{\sim}17^{\circ}C$ in winter. The ranges of indoor temperature is within comfortable range in spring, summer and autumn but in winter it is below the range. 2. There is a negative relationship between indoor temperature and clothing weight(r = -0.927) and the simple regression equation is as follows. Y = -61.97X + 2048.44(Y : total clothing weight $g/m^2$, X : indoor temperature $^{\circ}C$). 3. There is no significant difference of clothing weight among the thermal sensation, so clothing insulation can not affect the thermal sensation. 4. Clothing weight of light-clothing-weight group is 70~75% of middle-clothing-weight group and clothing weight of heavy-clothing-weight group is 130% of middle-clothing-weight group. So the standard clothing weight for rural residents in their indoor living is estimated as Fig. 6.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture Conference
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• 2007.10b
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• pp.191-196
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• 2007

The Korean rural landscape has changed significantly due to nationwide modernization and industrialization in recent years. Moreover, as urbanization progresses due to population and economic growth, rural areas surrounding the suburbs of cities are feeling the pressure of encroaching urban sprawl. Use of land for human-made structures such as road and housing development is also increasing, resulting in the destruction of nature in rural areas. Adopting a concept of conserving rural landscape in future development projects is therefore highly desirable.The main focus of this study is to look into the traditional concept of the village and to classify some elements of the traditional rural landscape. Daegu Metropolitan City, the third metropolitan city in Korea, is chosen as the subject of the study. The existing 227 villages have been studied on the basis of their principles and types of village locations in relation to the traditional concepts of 'Feng-shui' and 'Tackriji'. The characteristics of the village location are divided into two aspects: the natural landscape, such as topography, hydrosphere, and azimuth, and the historical and cultural landscape, such as customs(Only the natural landscape aspect is included in this study). The natural landscape, a condition of the village location, is divided into three areas: topography, hydrosphere, and azimuth. There are two types of topography: flatland type and mountain type. There are two sub-types in the mountain type: ridge and valley, which depend on the village location in relation to the shapes of the mountains. There are four types of hydrosphere which include waterways and three directions of mountain depending on the shape: front, behind and side. The direction of the village is analyzed from the direction which the houses in the village face. Therefore, the natural landscape element as a condition of the village location is closely related to the traditional concepts of the village.