• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.205-216
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• 2018

Objectives: Scientific verification for health effects has been constantly demanded through the forest healing factors. In this study, phytoncide concentration which is one of the forest healing factors, was investigated according to stand density, season and visiting time, and analyzed correlation with micrometeorology factors. Methods: Total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) and Natural volatile organic compounds (NVOCs) were collected using a measuring instrument which is connected to an air pump with the Tenax TA tube. The 32NVOCs were selected through the detailed criteria of adequacy assessment for recreational forest. The statistical analysis (correlation and stepwise regression analysis) was conducted between phytoncide concentration and micrometeorology factors. Results: NVOCs concentration linearly increased according to stand density. The high level showed in the summer (p<0.05), and there is no significant difference according to visiting hours of the Healing forest. NVOCs is a negative correlation with solar radiation, PAR and wind direction, and a positive correlation with relative humidity and temperature (p<0.01). NVOCs increased following the increase of humidity and temperature ($R^2=0.55$). Conclusions: Phytoncide linearly increased according to stand density, and showed the correlation significantly with microclimate factors. In future, these results will be utilized as a basic material to promote the generation of phytoncide, which positively influences human health promotion and manage the forest welfare space.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.5 no.1 s.9
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• pp.56-65
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to identify remained real state of the village groves in human settlement circle. That was practiced in case of Chinan-Gun region which traditional elements had well been conserved. 33 village groves were found by site survey, reference and interview in Chinan-Gun region. 31 of 51 village groves were clarified as complementing village grove by classification of grove character. It was identified through survey that many were partially destructed by development and human overuse. The results of this study showed general, socio-behavioral characteristics, characteristics of forest state and vegetation structure of village groves in Chinan-Gun region. Length, area, form, type, motive, location, relationship of those were analyzed to identify general characteristics. Facilities, human behavior and ownership of those were analyzed to identify socio-behavioral characteristics. Principal dominant species and appearing rate, height, width, density of those, species diversity of groves were analyzed to identify forest state and vegetation structure. Interrelation between each factor were analyzed and comparative review with previous studies was achieved.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.389-399
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• 1998

this study was focused on the effects of fire on spatial change of vegetation landscape in rural region. Fire types recognized as erown fire, severe surface fire and light surface fire in order of increasing intensity were described in a fire map. GIS was introduced to understand the relationship between fire types and topographic conditions or vegetation types. We also investigated land-use type and regeneration strategies after burning. Fire intensity depended on topographic conditions and vegetation types. Special land-use type in this area was collection of edible mushroom (Tricholoma matsutake). Mushrooms had been obtained from Pinus densiflora forests existing as edaphic climax or managed artificially. Regeneration strategy in burned areas was to make sprouts from burned oak stumps. A higher density and growth rate of sprouts, as compared to those on unburned areas, facilitated vegetation succession from P. densiflora forest to oak forest and consequently led to change of landscape pattern.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.6 no.2 s.12
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• pp.50-58
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• 2000

The purposes of the study were to detect and evaluate the historical land use and land cover changes on the Balan watersheds from three thematic mapper (TM) data, which were taken in 1985, 1993, and 1996. The supervised and unsupervised classification methods were adopted to classify five land cover categories: Paddy, upland, forest, residential, and water. The results indicated residential areas increased significantly during the past eleven years, Forest and paddy were converted to the urban areas. Future land cover patterns were forecasted using a Markov chain method, and the simulated land coiler change ratios presented.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.24-30
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• 2018

In Botswana, mopane worms are widely harvested for household consumption. They are also traded for income generation. Urban based entrepreneurs' source mopane worms from rural areas to sell. The price of sourcing mopane worms from the harvesters has increased quite incredibly in villages. However, there is dearth of academic studies on the commercialisation of mopane worms in Botswana. This paper uses primary data collected from multiple sources to investigate the factors influencing the prices of mopane worms. Data collection involved administration of questionnaires to purposively selected harvesters in four campsites in the Central District, focus group discussions at each campsite and key informant interviews. The results show that there is declining population of mopane worms. The decline is attributable to such factors as over-harvesting and climate change which are the main factors influencing the price of mopane worms. In addition to physical scarcity of mopane worms, institutional weaknesses exist in the study area. The Agricultural Resources Conservation Act is ineffective and the majority of the harvesters are unaware of its existences. It is recommended that the regulations on the harvesting of mopane worms be reviewed. In order to benefit harvesters, mopane worms should be processed to add diversified economic value to rural communities.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.383-387
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• 2005

In order to clarify the causal of free decline, which observed around the industrial complex, we analyzed pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and cation in rainfall and throughfall cations concentration in the air in tree areas, suburban and rural area. pH of both rainfall and throughfall was lower in the industrial area than the suburban and rural areas. Among the abiotic and biotic factors analyzed in this study, relations between decline degree of Pinus thunbergii and ingredients of rainfall, pH and $Ca^{2+}$ showed negative and positive correlations, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.41-48
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to understand whether the architecture of the mountain village conforms to the geography and local landscape, and become a unique scenic element. Also, the study is to grasp the status of the village landscape design elements. The methods and contents of the study were surveyed by field research with references in Biederbach community, an isolated mountain village in Southwestern Germany. The time frame for the survey research is July 2015. The contents of the study include the analysis of the village's landscape structure, architecture, and landscape design patterns. The following conclusions were reached through the above research process. First, the village landscape structure seen in the mid-distance view is the hilly scene of the alpine region, which houses the sloping terrain of Black Forest and surrounds the residential area with the grassland covered by the Black Forest. Second, the main elements of the town's landscape building are historical culture, traditional architecture, topology and nature, and artificial environmental design. Third, the landscape design utilizing the village's resources creates a sustainable community's residential environment.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.335-344
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• 2015

Purpose: Soybean growth is adversely affected by environmental stresses such as drought, extreme temperatures, and nutrient deficiency. The objective of this study was to develop a method for rapid measurement of drought stress in soybean plants using a hyperspectral fluorescence imaging technique. Methods: Hyperspectral fluorescence images were obtained using UV-A light with 365 nm excitation. Two soybean cultivars under drought stress were analyzed. A partial least square regression (PLSR) model was used to predict drought stress in soybeans. Results: Partial least square (PLS) images were obtained for the two soybean cultivars using the results of the developed model during the period of drought stress treatment. Analysis of the PLS images showed that the accuracy of drought stress discrimination in the two cultivars was 0.973 for an 8-day treatment group and 0.969 for a 6-day treatment group. Conclusions: These results validate the use of hyperspectral fluorescence images for assessing drought stress in soybeans.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2010.09a
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• pp.40-48
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• 2010

Saemangeum reclaimed area is needed to construct much green zone to make high-quality multi-functional land such as tide embankment, lake dike, industrial complex, environmental spaces, etc. However, growth of plants is somewhat difficult because a salinity of Saemangeum soil is very high and a soil fertility, water content of soil are low. Therefore, it is essential to initial desalination of soil and continuous management for planting base. It is recommended that a group of grassland to raise the efficiency of covering should be made in the first stage and a forest by improvement of vegetation should be made in the mid and long term stage. It is recommended that the construction of vegetation base should be made with a regular thickness of soil of good quality in multi-functional area such as a shrub and wood. In case of construction of a windbreak forest, it is necessary to make a wood base of suitable depth using soil brought from another place or filling of soil. Also, it is necessary to keep a maintenance of woods in early stage. Saemangeum reclaimed land will be brand-named worldwide tourist attractions due to construction of much green zone having high quality multi-functional facilities.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.10 no.3 s.24
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• pp.27-32
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is on identifying the restoration guidelines of supplementary village grove and villageside forest in case of Neunggil village in Jinan county of Korea. These forests were managed very well before industrialization by village residents in order to obtain fuels and organic fertilizers traditionally. But recently, these forests were abandoned by using natural gas, oil and chemical fertilizer. Therefore, species diversity of these forests was downward and traditional rural landscape was lost. Accordingly, this study suggested the restoration guidelines of these forests through restoring the relationship between man and nature. For this, vegetation map was made by quadrat method. And management guidelines of these forests were suggested by the analysis of vegetation map. Also, for the restoration of supplementary village grove, Miyawiki professor's method of Yokohama university through introducing potential natural vegetation was suggested.