• 한국해양학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.202-211
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• 1993

해양 부착상 규조류 pseudohimantidium pacificum에 관하여 주사전자현미경 및 광 학현미경을 통한 미세구조, 형태적 변이와 지리적 분포를 연구하였다. 세포의 정축과 횡축의 길이는 기왕의 보고와 유사하였으나 순상돌기의 수는 이보다 2~3개 더 많아 변이가 뚜렸하였다. 조선(striae)의 수도 기보고와 비슷하였고, 이의 모양은 현재까지 둥근형으로 보고되어 있으나 본 연구에서는 긴타원형이었다. 한편 본 규조류는 부유생 활을 할 뿐 아니라 동물부유생물 중 요각류 Corycaeus affinis의 흉각과 두부의 촉각 주변에 많이 부착하고 있었다. 본종이 한국의 남서해역에서 분포하고 있음을 확인하였 던 사실은 이 종이 북태평양의 황해에 37$^{\circ}$30'N까지 분포함을 말해준다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.225-237
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• 1997

This study was conducted to the cognition and attitude for internal and external organizational behavior of health centers staff. An analytical model employed in this study was developed by modifying 'organizational behavior model'. Data was collected a mail survey of officers at health center, including 66 directors and 1,768 staffs of the health centers in southern region. The major findings are as follows : Among directors of the health centers 47% of them stated that legislators and chief executive officer(CEO) of local governments are highly concerned about the public health program. However only 15.2% of health center directors reported that legislators and CEO put public health high priority. For leadership type of directors 39.0% of them was classified as controller, 30.3% as participant, 22.7% entertaining and 7.6% comprehending. Regarding sociopsychological characteristics of the health center staffs, about a quarter of them had high degree of group cohesion, while 10.7% had low degree. Those staffs who are older, high educational level, or working in the rural health centers showed higher degree of cohesion than those who are young, low educational level, or working in urban health center. A third of them were less likely to be satisfied by what they are doing at the health centers. The higher educational level, the likely to be satisfied by what they are doing at the health centers. The higher educational level, the more satisfied with their job. Considering these results, policy implication was discussed and suggested. It is suggested that educational efforts be made to improve leadership of the health center directors and concern with public health program by the CEOs and legislators of local governments.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.121-129
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• 1993

This study was conducted to investigate the incidence and related factors of farming tool-machinery injuries developed in the Chonnam rural area in 1992. A total of 9,068 persons (4,571men and 4,497women)were selected in a stratified cluster sampling manner, and interviewed individually to complete a structured questionnaire covering farmer characteristics, duration of farm working, annual income, kind of farming tools and machinery, type of injuries and medical care. The results were as follows : 1. The incidence rate of farming tool-machinery injuries was 63 per 1,000 persons over all, 73 in males and 54 in females. The age standardized incidence rate was 69 per 1,000 persons over all, 83 in males and 65 in females. 2. The associated factors with farming tool-machinery injuries in univariate analysis were sex, age, duration of farming and monthly income. The occurrence of injuries was higher in men than in woman, and the higher in high-income group than in the low-income group. 3. More men than woman were involved in trunk injuries and treated at the large scale medical care units such as hospitals, and they paid much higher medical fees. 4. The complaint rates for each item of farmers' syndrome in the injured group were higher than those of the non injured group in 'shoulder stiffness', 'sleeplessness', 'dizziness', and 'gastric fullness'. 5. When multiple logistic regression was applied to farming tool-machinery injuries, the significant variables were farmer's syndrome, age, and duration of farming in both males and females.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.39-51
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• 1992

This study was carried out for 1 year between 1990 and 1991. The interviewers visited 513 households to evaluate the perception of the residents using the Simple Piped Water Supply (SPWS), and examined the pollution source surrounding 48 SPWS facilities and water quality by the chemical and microbiological method. The purpose of this study was to find out problems linked with SPWS and to investigate more efficient way of improvement in rural water supply. The results of the study are summarized as follows: 1) Approximately 44.0% of the sampled population have been served by simple piped water supply. 2) The drinking water was mostly taken from the springs in 8 sites and valley water in 40 sites. 3) Considering the type of distribution of the SPWS, there are 40 natural gravity systems and 8 pumping systems. 4) Out of the 180 SPWS in Chun Sung Area, 73.9% of the SPWS facilities %'ere used more than ten years. 5) 47.4% of the SPWS facilities are neighbored with pollution source. 6) 42.4% of the maintenance crews were not committed to their job but instead, the facilities were operated by some residents or community leaders who were personally concerned about quality of the facilities. 7) About 36.9% of the residents complaind that the amount of daily water supply is not adequate. 8) About 55.6% of the residents felt that the water quality is good for drinking water and therefore, But in contrast, the biochemical tests indicated that most of the SPWS met the drinking water quality standards. 9) Under the present water analysis system, The method of sampling and analysis are not effective, so that analysis system shoud be done by local health center.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.30-39
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• 2014

The cross flow turbine is economical because of its simple structure. For remote rural region, there are needs for a more simple structure and very low head cross flow turbines. However, in this kind of locations, the water from upstream always flows into the turbine with some other materials such as sand and pebble. These materials will be damage to the runner blade and shorten the turbine lifespan. Therefore, there is a need to develop a new type of cross flow turbine for the remote rural region where there is availability of abundant resources. The new design of the cross flow turbine has an inlet open duct, without guide vane and nozzle to simplify the structure. However, the turbine with inlet open duct and very low head shows relatively low efficiency. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to optimize the shape of the turbine inlet to improve the efficiency, and investigate the internal flow of a very low head cross flow turbine. There are two steps to optimize the turbine inlet shape. Firstly, by changing the turbine open angle along with changing the turbine inlet open duct bottom line (IODBL) location to investigate the internal flow. Secondly, keeping the turbine IODBL location at the maximum efficiency achieved at the first step, and changing the turbine IODBL angle to improve the performance. The result shows that there is a 7.4% of efficiency improvement by optimizing turbine IODBL location (open angle), and there is 0.3% of efficiency improvement by optimizing the turbine IODBL angle.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.586-593
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• 2007

Seed coating by a phenazine-producing bacterium, Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6, induced dose-dependent inhibition of germination in wheat and barley seeds, but did not inhibit germination of rice or cucumber seeds. In wheat seedlings grown from inoculated seeds, phenazine production levels near the seed were higher than in the roots. Deletion of the gacS gene reduced transcription from the genes required for phenazine synthesis, the regulatory phzI gene and the biosynthetic phzA gene. The inhibition of seed germination and the induction of systemic disease resistance against a bacterial soft-rot pathogen, Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, were impaired in the gacS and phzA mutants of P chlororaphis O6. Culture filtrates of the gacS and phzA mutants of P. chlororaphis O6 did not inhibit seed germination of wheat, whereas that of the wild-type was inhibitory. Our results showed that the production of phenazines by P. chlororaphis O6 was correlated with reduced germination of barley and wheat seeds, and the level of systemic resistance in tobacco against E. carotovora.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.364-372
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• 2012

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae causing bacterial leaf blight disease in rice produces and secretes Hpa1 protein that belongs to harpin protein family. Previously it was reported that Hpa1 induced defense responses when it was produced in tobacco. In this study, we expressed hpa1 gene in rice and Arabidopsis to examine the effects of Hpa1 expression on disease resistance to both fungal and bacterial pathogens. Expression of hpa1 gene in rice enhanced disease resistance to both X. oryzae pv. oryzae and Magnaporthe grisea. Interestingly, individual transgenic rice plants could be divided into four groups, depending on responses to both pathogens. hpa1 expression in Arabidopsis also enhanced disease resistance to both Botrytis cineria and Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. To examine genes that are up-regulated in the transgenic rice plants after inoculation with X. oryzae pv. oryzae, known defense-related genes were assessed, and also microarray analysis with the Rice 5 K DNA chip was performed. Interestingly, expression of OsACS1 gene, which was found as the gene that showed the highest induction, was induced earlier and stronger than that in the wild type plant. These results indicate that hpa1 expression in the diverse plant species, including monocot and dicot, can enhance disease resistance to both fungal and bacterial plant pathogens.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.230-234
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• 2001

재래법으로 제조한 된장을 담금용기를 달리하여 각각 담가 숙성시키면서 숙성기간 중 담금용기에 따른 된장의 품질변화를 조사하였다. 사용된 담금용기는 오지항아리, 오지항아리와 유리덮개 그리고 플라스틱통이었다. 된장의 수분 함량은 숙성 중 감소하였는데 오지항아리와 유리덮개를 사용한 구의 수분 함량이 가장 크게 감소하였다. 수용성 질소 함량은 숙성 8개월에 $4.56{\sim}5.80%$로 가장 높았고 오지항아리와 유리덮개에 담근 된장이 최대 함량을 보였다. 아미노산성 질소 함량은 숙성 12개월까지 계속 증가하였고 숙성 12개월의 아미노산성 질소 함량은 오지 항아리에 담근 된장이 $1.25{\sim}1.27%$로 플라스틱 통에 담근 된장 보다 높았다. 플라스틱통에 숙성시킨 된장의 품질을 관능적으로 평가한 결과 숙성 4개월부터, 다른 용기를 사용하여 담근 된장에 비하여 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.105-115
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• 2020

With the decrease of the agricultural population in Korea, the workers who is vulnerable to labor are increasing in agricultural industry because of aging, feminization of population. They are exposed in poor working environment with higher temperature and concentrations of dust, gas. Higher concentration of harmful gas and dust can cause chronic and acute disease to workers depending on exposure intensity and frequency. In order to improve the working environment in the livestock facilities, It is important to secure monitoring data of the thermal environment and the concentration of harmful gases and fine dust. Multi-point measurement was performed to analyze the regional environmental conditions in the pig rooms. When analyzing the working environment, video monitoring was conducted to analyze the concentration changes of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and fine dust according to worker movement and work type. Ammonia and hydrogen sulfide monitoring result showed 1.5~2 times higher concentrations than other work when working in the pigs living zone, and 2~4 times higher than other work when working to increase the activity of pigs. In the case of fine dust, the result was 1.3 times higher than the worker's exposure standard in a specific work. The concentrations of gases and dusts from pig farms are not of concern for acute poisoning in normal work, but there is a risk of chronic respiratory disease if they are continuously exposed. Accordingly, there is a need for development of work environment monitoring device tailored to workers and preparation of alternatives.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.37-47
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• 2005

Education has been emphasized as one of tools of realizing social equality, which has its base on the ideology of equal education opportunity. The Opportunity level of adult education is important in the meaning of social equality. but these days It is being inequality. so The objectives of this study were 1) measuring the opportunity level of adult education in Korea, 2) analysing the difference adult education level by gender, regions, 3) making out the gap of the its level by social educational agencies, 4) to suggest the way to improve the opportunity level of adults educations between adults by gender, regions. The followings are the results from the study: Adult education participation level were lower. Adult education participation level per adult education type showed higher participation at private institutes, lower at cultural center of community and school's human and material resources are not properly utilized in adult educational activities. By adult education participation level per gender and location, women have a higher participation level then men, and urban areas have a higher participation level then rural areas. In case of location, environment variables is most explanatory in adult education participation level. To strive for methods to activate school-oriented adult education activities and to develop political solution to ease the resources gaps for adult education investment among regions in order not to deepen environment gaps of adult education between urban and rural areas. For adult education activation, institution and bodies in charge of adult education should expand and discover hardware and develop and distribute software. Also, adult education specialists who operate and manage these hardware and sofeware efficiently should be recruited.