• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.436-445
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• 2013

This study, by focusing on the concept of accessibility to the central city, analyses its importance for understanding baward regions and aims to investigate a new spatial strategy for developing backward regions in Korea. The study investigates the EU accessibility case study and formulates the methodological framework for the analysis, which is applied to the case of Jeonnam-do and Gyeongbuk-do in order to evaluate the backwardness of the regions in terms of the accessibility to the central city. Finally, this paper discusses a new spatial strategy for developing backward regions based on the concept of the accessibility to the central city, which includes the creative expansion of rural public services and promoting efficient delivery system, improving public and private service provision through the accessibility to the central city and securing long-term development potential through investing in regional human capital.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.35-42
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• 2015

This study is about Urban Commercial Housing among Modern Architectural assets in Buksungro (one of the 4 Roads of Rampart in Junggu, Daegu), the main stronghold of Urban Regeneration projects according to the recent Urban Regeneration strategy. The development of the Urban Commercial business and the quantitative increase of the Urban Housing that is accelerated after the Industrial Revolution certainly caused the Urban Commercial Housing, and in the downtown of Daegu, with the Urban Hanok and Commercial Hanok, Commercial Housing based on Machiya, Japan has appeared. The study about Commercial Hanok and Machiya, Japan already existed, but there were no Comparative Study about the Modern times' Commercial Housing remaining in Korea. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to compare the Modern times' Commercial Housing in Buksungro, Daegu, with the Japans' Commercial Housing.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.24-43
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• 2021

Traditionally, students from the Southern world tend to cross their national borders to study abroad. However, in recent times, we have observed a trend in which more and more students, both full-time and short-term, select Southern countries as destinations for overseas education. This paper contributes to the sparse literature on the above phenomenon, examining the case of Vietnam. We surveyed 50 universities and colleges about their international student profiles (including statistics and nationalities) and their strategies for attracting international students. The findings of this study provide implications for Vietnam's policymakers and university/college leaders and other Southern countries when implementing the internationalization of tertiary education.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1201-1207
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• 2016

Background: Excessive exposure to the sun during childhood is strongly associated with the development of skin cancer in the future. The only way to prevent the development of skin cancer is to protect against ultraviolet radiation, which can be achieved through strategic awareness during childhood and adolescence. Objective. The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of educational activities for rural and urban students to promote the use of sunscreens and prevent skin cancer. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out with students (9-12 years) of rural (n=70) and urban (n=70) schools in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. The educational interventions were lectures and games. The impact of this strategy was evaluated through the application of a questionnaire before and after the interventions. Results: Before the intervention, it was found around 50% of rural and urban students were not aware of the damage caused by sun exposure, often exposing themselves to UV radiation without use sunscreen ( ~ 25 %) and at the most critical times of the day/year. After the lectures we observed an improvement in the behavior of the students with regard to sun exposure and knowledge about skin cancer. Conclusions: The results of this study emphasize the importance of prevention strategies for skin cancer and promoting the use of sunscreens based educational strategies. The interventions were of great value in relation to disseminating knowledge on the subject.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 2018

The "Rurban" Design is a design concept that can actively preserve and embrace natural terrain and rural resources in an effort to continuously enhance a city, and restore the community that collapsed due to industrialization and unplanned urbanization. The concentration of Seoul Metropolitan area in Korea and the destruction of rural areas and localities caused by the urban sprawl have become a difficult problem for urban development after industrialization. The development of unbalanced growth and the environmental damage remain as issues as well. The tradition and diversity restoration of the New Urbanism paradigm, which was presented in the latter half of the twentieth century, has been an alternative plan for a big city that had experienced industrialization and urbanization at an early phase. However, there is a limit of application to European and North American cities. The philosophical concept of "Rurban Design" is to apply the use of rural elements more directly, and to outline resource conservation, proper consumption, and suitable scale. In all considerations, this will be a practical strategy to complement the limitations of New Urbanism with its design capacity that maximizes the characteristics of the region.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.437-442
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• 2020

Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is critical for host defense as well as the progression of inflammatory diseases through the production of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β, which is cleaved by active caspase-1. It has been reported that overactivation of the NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to the development and pathology of acne vulgaris. Therefore, inhibiting activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome may provide a new therapeutic strategy for acne vulgaris. In this study, we investigated whether auranofin, an anti-rheumatoid arthritis agent, inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation, thereby effectively treating acne vulgaris. Auranofin suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by Propionibacterium acnes, reducing the production of IL-1β in primary mouse macrophages and human sebocytes. In a P. acnes-induced acne mouse model, injection of P. acnes into the ears of mice induced acne symptoms such as redness, swelling, and neutrophil infiltration. Topical application of auranofin (0.5 or 1%) to mouse ears significantly reduced the inflammatory symptoms of acne vulgaris induced by P. acnes injection. Topical application of auranofin led to the downregulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome activated by P. acnes in mouse ear skin. These results show that auranofin inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome, the activation of which is associated with acne symptoms. The results further suggest that topical application of auranofin could be a new therapeutic strategy for treating acne vulgaris by targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.10-21
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identity the effects of a health promotion program for rural elderly people on self efficacy, health problems, farmers syndrome and quality of life. Method: The study was a nonequivalent control group pre-post experimental design. The data collection was performed from April 12th, 2003 to August 2nd, 2003. The subjects were selected at Mari Myun Geochang Gun in Korea. Fortyfour elders were included in the experimental group and 45 elders were included in the control group. The 16-week health promotion program was given to the experimental group. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, $X^2-test$, t-test, paired t-test with SPSS/Win 10.0 program. Result: The experimental group showed a lower scores of health problems and farmers syndrome than the control group, and higher scores of quality of life than the control group. There were no significant differences in self efficacy. Conclusion: From the above results, it can be concluded that the health promotion program for rural elderly is an effective intervention for improving the rural elderly's quality of life and reducing health problems and farmer's syndrome. Therefore, development of strategy that can spread the health promotion program for rural elderly to the elderly of other rural areas are needed.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.881-904
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• 2012

This study was to investigate the relationship among emotional intelligence, social support and parent-child communication of multicultural primary school students in rural areas. All of the students for the study were sampled from three multicultural primary schools in rural areas. About 10% among them were from multicultural family students. First, the result indicated that students' emotional intelligence was positively correlated with social support and open communication with their parents. Second, there were no significant differences between unicultural family and multicultural family in social support, parent-child communication, and emotional intelligence. Third, the result of regression analysis revealed that peer and family support were predictors of emotional intelligence of multicultural primary school students in rural areas. The implications for the improvement strategy for multicultural primary school in rural ares were suggested.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.35-35
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• 2017

How do plants take up water from soils especially when water is scarce in soils? Plants have a strategy to respond to water deficit to manage water necessary for their survival and growth. Plants regulate water transport inside them. Water flows inside the plant via (i) apoplastic pathway including xylem vessel and cell wall and (ii) cell-to-cell pathway including water channels sitting in cell membrane (aquaporins). Water transport across the root and leaf is explained by a composite transport model including those pathways. Modification of the components in those pathways to change their hydraulic conductivity can regulate water uptake and management. Apoplastic barrier is modified by producing Casparian band and suberin lamellae. These structures contain suberin known to be hydrophobic. Barley roots with more suberin content from the apoplast showed lower root hydraulic conductivity. Root hydraulic conductivity was measured by a root pressure probe. Plant root builds apoplastic barrier to prevent water loss into dry soil. Water transport in plant is also regulated in the cell-to-cell pathway via aquaporin, which has received a great attention after its discovery in early 1990s. Aquaporins in plants are known to open or close to regulate water transport in response to biotic and/or abiotic stresses including water deficit. Aquaporins in a corn leaf were opened by illumination in the beginning, however, closed in response to the following leaf water potential decrease. The evidence was provided by cell hydraulic conductivity measurement using a cell pressure probe. Changing the hydraulic conductivity of plant organ such as root and leaf has an impact not only on the speed of water transport across the plant but also on the water potential inside the plant, which means plant water uptake pattern from soil could be differentiated. This was demonstrated by a computer simulation with 3-D root structure having root hydraulic conductivity information and soil. The model study indicated that the root hydraulic conductivity plays an important role to determine the water uptake from soil with suboptimal water, although soil hydraulic conductivity also interplayed.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.385-391
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• 2005

As a first step towards identifying genes involving in the signal transduction pathways mediating rice blast resistance, we isolated 3 mutants lines that showed enhanced susceptibility to rice blast KJ105 (91-033) from a T-DNA insertion library of the japonica rice cultivar, Hwayeong. Since none of the susceptible phenotypes co-segregated with the T-DNA insertion we adapted a map-based cloning strategy to isolate the gene(s) responsible for the enhanced susceptibility of the Hwayeong mutants. A genetic mapping population was produced by crossing the resistant wild type Hwayeong with the susceptible cultivar, Nagdong. Chi-square analysis of the $F_2$ segregating population indicated that resistance in Hwayeong was controlled by a single major gene that we tentatively named Pi-hy. Randomly selected susceptible plants in the $F_2$ population were used to build an initial map of Pi-hy. The SSLP marker RM2265 on chromosome 2 was closely linked to resistance. High resolution mapping using 105 $F_2$ plants revealed that the resistance gene was tightly linked, or identical, to Pib, a resistance gene with a nucleotide binding sequence and leucine-rich repeats (NB-LRR) previously isolated. Sequence analysis of the Pib locus amplified from three susceptible mutants revealed lesions within this gene, demonstrating that the Pi-hy gene is Pib. The Pib mutations in 1D-22-10-13, 1D-54-16-8, and 1C-143-16-1 were, respectively, a missense mutation in the conserved NB domain 3, a nonsense mutation in the 5th LRR, and a nonsense mutation in the C terminus following the LRRs that causes a small deletion of the C terminus. These findings provide evidence that NB domain 3 and the C terminus are required for full activity of the plant R gene. They also suggest that alterations of the resistance gene can cause major differences in pathogen specificity by affecting interactions with an avirulence factor.