• 물과 미래
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.145-158
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• 1994

소유역 강우-유출모형으로서 유출함수법을 대폭 개선한 선형저수지 강우-유출 체계를 수립하였다. 매개변수의 수는 6개이고 수문학적 손실은 일정량의 초기손실과 일정비의 후기손실로 계산하며 추적식은 해석적으로 유도하였다. 변수추정은 Hooke and Jeees 방법에 의한 자동추정법을 사용하였다. 이를 서면과 문막 수위표의 '84∼'89년 홍수에 적용하여 모형을 검증하였다. 매개변수중 초기손실은 선행강우의 영향을 받으나 이를 고려하지 않았으므로 이에 대한 연구가 필요하고 실시간 예측시 주요 매개변수를 선택하는 방법도 보완되어야 한다.

• 한국관개배수논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.4-17
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• 2011

The standard design methodology was suggested to construct wetland system for reducing non-point source pollution from Saemangeum reclaimed paddy land. To set for the design flow and concentrations, runoff and water quality survey were conducted during the irrigation period in 2008 at Gyehwa reclaimed paddy land located at near Saemangeum lake. It is rational that 1ha is the optimum constructed wetland size. To meet this size, the moderate drainage area of reclaimed paddy field was 50ha under the conditions that rainfall is 30mm, average runoff coefficient is 0.83, and runoff capture ratio is 0.6. At these condition, the runoff volume from 50ha was 10,520 $m^3/d$ including base flow during irrigation period. To select the optimum wetland system, several case studies were conducted by focusing on the tidal reclaimed land areas having wetland systems in Seokmun. Pond-Wetland system was selected as the standard model because of showing the highest reduction efficiency. Single variable regression equation were delivered to estimate effluent water concentrations from the designed wetland by using long-term monitoring data from the Seokmun experiment site. The effluent concentration from the designed wetland using these equation were showed moderately range.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1998년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.329-336
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• 1998

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.511-520
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• 2014

The MFFn(Mass first flush), EMCs(Event mean concentrations) and runoff loads were analyzed for various rainy events(monitoring data from 2011 to 2012) in transportation area(rail road in station). The pollutant EMCs by volume of stormwater runoff showed the BOD5 9.6 mg/L, COD 29.9 mg/L, SS 16.7 mg/L, T-N 3.271 mg/L, T-P 0.269 mg/L in the transportation areas(Railroad in station). The average pollutant loading by unit area of stormwater runoff showed the BOD5 $27.26kg/km^2$, COD $92.55kg/km^2$, SS $50.35kg/km^2$, T-N $10.13kg/km^2$ and T-P $10.13kg/km^2$ in the transportation areas. Estimated NCL-curve(Normalized cumulated-curve) was evaluated by comparison with observed MFFn. MFFn was estimated by varying n-value from 10% to 90% on the rainy events. The n-value increases, MFFn is closed to '1'. As time passed, the rainfall runoff was getting similar to ratio of pollutants accumulation. The result of a measure of the strength of the linear relationship between observed data and expected data under model was good.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2006

In Juam basin, the ratio of non-point pollution source among pollutant loading of basin was significantly high, since the utilization level of land was high. In addition, the most pollutants were not treated and flowed out. In this study, the correlation between non-point source pollutants from the forest area and increasing algae was investigated. 1. Chl-a concentration flowed out to runoff from forest area and stream water was low as $0.1{\sim}20.3{\mu}g/{\ell}$ and $0.1{\sim}9.3{\mu}g/{\ell}$, respectively, and chl-a concentration ($0.1{\sim}28.5{\mu}g/{\ell}$) of branch stream was higher $5{\sim}7$ times than that of runoff from forest area. 2. In correlation between runoff from forest area and Juam lake water, annual chl-a concentration of area front Juam dam was higher twice than forest area. 3. In runoff from forest area within Juam basin, flagellate, green, diatom and blue algae occupied $33.0{\sim}41.7%$, $22.2{\sim}30.8%$, $17.3{\sim}22.5%$ and $13.7{\sim}17.6%$, respectively. 4. In runoff from forest area, both green and diatom algae were maintained constantly irrespectively of season, and flagellate algae dominated since August. 5. In characteristics by forest tree types, four types algae were inhabited in mixed forest, and flagellate algae were higher in conifer and broadleaf forest than in other area. And green algae in herbaceous forest were higher than other area.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.153-162
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• 2001

A study was carried out to investigate the water balance and losses of nutrients at a paddy plot located at the southern Korea. The observed amount of precipitation, irrigation, runoff, evapotranspiration and percolation for the experimental paddy plot during cropping period were 1,030, 566, 701, 551. and 310 mm for 1999 and 1.214, 413, 710, 682, and 234 mm for 2000 year, respectively. The measured input quantities of N and P into the paddy field during cropping period were 122 to 140 kg N $ha^-1$ and 29 to 30 kg $P_2O_5$ kg $ha^-1$ by chemical fertilizer, 20 to 28 kg N $ha^-1$ and 0.35 to 0.36 kg P $ha^-1$ by precipitation, and 26 to 35 kg N $ha^-1$ and 0.57 to 0.72 kg P$ha^-1$ by irrigation water. respectively. The output amounts of N and P from paddy field were measured as follows. They were 48 to 52 kg N $ha^-1$ and 1.1 to 1.6 kg P $ha^-1$by runoff water, and 9 to 12 kg N $ha^-1$ and 0.04 to 0.05 kg $ha^-1$ by percolation water. When the runoff losses of nutrients were compared to applied chemical fertilizer. it was found that 34.3 % to 42.6 % of nitrogen lost via runoff while runoff losses of phosphorus account for 3.8 % to 5.3 % of the total applied amount. When the ratio was calculated between nutrients losses by percolation water and the applied of chemical fertilizer, two year results showed 6.4 % to 9.8 % for the nitrogen and 0.1% to 0.2% phosphorus, respectively.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.125-136
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• 2002

입력수문자료의 시간 스케일이 모형의 계산결과에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 동일한 강우사상에 대한 각기 다른 시간 스케일의 입력수문자료를 확보하고 이를 TOPMODEL에 적용하였다. 매개변수 보정을 위해 유전자 알고리즘을 사용하였다. 민감도 분석 결과는 상이한 시간 스케일이 TOPMODEL의 운영에 있어서 매개변수 공간에 대한 시각을 제공하였다. 입력수문자료의 시간 스케일의 변화는 모의효율과 평균 지하수위, 총유출량에 대한 지표유출과 지표하유출의 비, 그리고 매개변수 보정에 영향을 미쳤다. 시간 스케일이 커질수록 지표수유출이 많아지고 평균 지하수위가 높아지는 경향을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 TOPMODEL의 구조와 수문곡선의 형태 변화에서 비롯된 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.158-164
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• 2001

밭토양에 돈분이 시용되었을 때 토양에서 유실되는 유거수에 의한 질산태질소의 유거손실을 구명하기 위하여 본 연구를 실시하였다. 경사가 4% 정도 되는 밭토양에 나지와 옥수수 재배조건 하에서 돈분을 무처리, 50, $100ton\;ha^{-1}$ 수준으로 처리하고 유거수 중에 질산태질소 유거량을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 유거수량은 강우량이 많을수록 증가하였으나 돈분시용량이 증가할수록 유거수량은 감소하였다. 유거수 중에 질산태질소의 농도는 옥수수 재배조건에서 높았는데 같은 처리 조건에서 나지에서의 유거수 중에 질산태질소 농도에 비하여 86.9, 42.9,33.6% 가 높았다. 질산태질소의 총유거 손실량은 나지구에서 높았으며 처리 수준별 유거량은 $1.34{\sim}3.15kg\;NO_3-N\;ha^{-1}$ 였다. 유거수 중에 양이온들의 농도는 K> Mg> Na> Ca 순이었다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.87-101
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• 1990

The purpose of this study is to estimate the flood discharge and runoff volume at a stream by using geomorphologic parameters obtained from the topographic maps following the law of stream classification and ordering by Horton and Strahier. The present model is modified from Cheng' s model which derives the geomorphologic instantaneous unit hydrograph. The present model uses the results of Laplace transformation and convolution intergral of probability density function of the travel time at each state. The stream flow velocity parameters are determined as a function of the rainfall intensity, and the effective rainfall is calculated by the SCS method. The total direct runoff volume until the time to peak is estimated by assuming a triangular hydrograph. The model is used to estimate the time to peak, the flood discharge, and the direct runoff at Andong, Imha. Geomchon, and Sunsan basin in the Nakdong River system. The results of the model application are as follows : 1.For each basin, as the rainfall intensity doubles form 1 mm/h to 2 mm/h with the same rainfall duration of 1 hour, the hydrographs show that the runoff volume doubles while the duration of the base flow and the time to peak are the same. This aggrees with the theory of the unit hydrograph. 2.Comparisions of the model predicted and observed values show that small relative errors of 0.44-7.4% of the flood discharge, and 1 hour difference in time to peak except the Geomchon basin which shows 10.32% and 2 hours respectively. 3.When the rainfall intensity is small, the error of flood discharge estimated by using this model is relatively large. The reason of this might be because of introducing the flood velocity concept in the stream flow velocity. 4.Total direct runoff volume until the time to peak estimated by using this model has small relative error comparing with the observed data. 5.The sensitivity analysis of velocity parameters to flood discharge shows that the flood discharge is sensitive to the velocity coefficient while it is insensitive to the ratio of arrival time of moving portion to that of storage portion of a stream and to the ratio of arrival time of stream to that of overland flow.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.434-440
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• 2017

In order to understand the characteristics of phosphorus in the paddy field, this study analyzed $PO_4-P$ and T-P concentrations of irrigation water, flooding water, and runoff from 2008 to 2010. The variation of phosphorous form within hydrologic cycle around the rice paddy field was investigated using the ratio of $PO_4-P$ to TP. In addition, the correlation between pH, EC, and DO in flooding water was analyzed and the factors affecting phosphorus form in paddy field were investigated. The concentration of T-P in flooding water was high during the survey period, and the concentration of T-P in runoff was assumed to be decreased by dilution due to irrigation and rainfall. On the other hand, the ratio of $PO_4-P$ to T-P was lower in flooding water than those of irrigation water and runoff, which was interpreted to be due to the fact that the phosphorus fertilizer was applied in the paddy field but the adsorption was rapidly occurred to the paddy field by the soil. The similar proportions of $PO_4-P$ to T-P in flooding water and runoff suggest that the form of phosphorus outflowed from the paddy is influenced by the form of phosphorus in the flooding water of paddy field. In addition, DO concentration in flooding water showed negative correlation with the concentrations of $PO_4-P$ and T-P. The effort to survey frequent irrigation water quality data is required for the analysis of phosphorus behavior in the paddy water system since concentration of phosphorous and DO in irrigation water would influence rhe form of phosphorous in flooding water and subsequent runoff.