• 산업공학
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.294-301
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• 2008

Agile and flexible manufacturing systems make it mandatory that a control program should have features such as agility, flexibility, and reusability in order to run manufacturing unit smoothly. PLCs are the most frequently used control program in manufacturing systems. PLC programs are mostly programmed by subcontraction, which makes correction of code very difficult. As a result, it may cause delay during down time and ramp up time which leads to big loss of revenue and goodwill. To prevent delay during the times, this paper proposes systematic process analysis and application method for programmable logic controller like LLD (Ladder Logic Diagram). The proposed method uses modified human-error investing techniques for documentation and transforming technique to program LLD from the documentation. Furthermore, this paper demonstrates an example of piston mechanism to explain the proposed method.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.843-849
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• 2013

A dye-decolorizing bacterium was isolated from a soil sample and identified as Bacillus thuringiensis using 16S rRNA sequencing. The bacterium was able to decolorize three different textile dyes, namely, Reactive blue 13, Reactive red 58, and Reactive yellow 42, and a real dyehouse effluent up to 80-95% within 6 h. Some non-textile industrially important dyes were also decolorized to different extents. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer analysis of the ethyl acetate extract of Congo red dye and its metabolites showed that the bacterium could degrade it by the asymmetric cleavage of the azo bonds to yield sodium (4-amino-3-diazenylnaphthalene-1-sulfonate) and phenylbenzene. Sodium (4-amino-3-diazenylnaphthalene-1-sulfonate) was further oxidized by the ortho-cleavage pathway to yield 2-(1-amino-2-diazenyl-2-formylvinyl) benzoic acid. There was induction of the activities of laccase and azoreductase during the decolorization of Congo red, which suggests their probable role in the biodegradation. B. thuringiensis was found to be versatile and could be used for industrial effluent biodegradation.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2023

Purpose: This study's primary goal is to investigate and evaluate the critical contributions made by industrial-organizational psychologists to raising worker job satisfaction. The study aims to offer insights that can enhance workplace environments, improve organizational processes, and increase employees' general well-being by looking at the particular contributions made by this field. Research design, data and methodology: The study design, data collection strategies using the literature content analysis allow for a thorough analysis and synthesis of the body of knowledge about industrial-organizational psychologists' contributions to improving worker job satisfaction. This method entails a sequential procedure that includes formulating research questions and locating pertinent studies. Results: Numerous previous works have indicated that industrial-organizational psychologists are essential in determining how an organization is run and how satisfied its workforce is with their jobs. The four major roles (Job Design, Leadership, Workplace Culture, and Employee Development) that were found after a thorough analysis of the body of current literature are presented in this section. Conclusions: In sum, the roles found in this study provide organizations with a framework for creating work environments that prioritize the well-being and overall growth of the people who make up the organization while also helping them negotiate the complexity of the modern workplace.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.213-223
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 화상 교육 시스템을 이용하여 사이버 집단 상담을 실시하고 그 효과를 검증하였다. 이를 위해 두 가지 가설을 설정하였다. 첫째, 실시간 화상 사이버 집단 상담은 자기 존중감을 증진 시킬 것이다. 둘째, 화상 교육 시스템을 활용한 사이버 집단상담은 학생들의 내적 행동 변화를 가져올 것이다. 이 두 가설을 검증하기 위해 대도시 D초등학교 학생 45명을 선발하고 이미 개발된 화상 교육 시스템을 이용하여 사이버 집단 상담을 실시하였다. 그 결과 실시간 화상사이버 집단 상담은 학생들의 자기 존중감을 증진시키고 내담자의 적극적인 참여를 유도하며 활발한 상호작용을 일으켜 상담자와 내담자 간에 정서적 안정감 및 친밀감을 형성시키는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과는 집단 상담의 사이버 영역을 한 단계 넓히는 데 도움을 줄 것이며 본격적인 실시간 화상 교육 체제의 시행을 앞두고 다자간 화상시스템의 교육적 효과를 검증하는 연구에 기초 자료로 활용될 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.127-137
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• 2008

Objectives : These days, herbal acupuncture therapy is widely applied to many diseases and symptoms by Korean medical doctors in Korea. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effect of Carthami-Semen herbal acupuncture(CSHA) on chronic constipation. Methods : This single-blind placebo-controlled randomized parellel study enrolled 24 adults with chronic constipation. After one week's run-in period, they were randomly assigned to receive CSHA therapy, or placebo therapy for 4 weeks by 2 times per week. After completing 4 week's therapy, 2 week's follow-up period was continued. During study, defecation frequency, consistency and ease of evacuation were checked before study, every week and follow-up periods. Also, the VAS of constipation, quality of life(QoL) and heart rate variability(HRV : low frequency, high frequency) were checked 3 times totally. Finally, 21 subjects completed the protocol and 20 subjects were analyzed.(1 subject is excluded for analysis because of not following the protocol.) Results : In CSHA group, defecation frequency(continued after 1 week), consistency and ease of evacuation(at 1 week after and follow-up) were increased significantly. The VAS of constipation in CSHA group was significantly decreased. There was no significant change at QoL and HRV. Conclusions : CSHA therapy was effective in treating adults with chronic constipation. Study that have larger case number and longer follow up will be needed in the future.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권7호
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• pp.966-974
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• 2010

본 연구는 2009년도 6월 부산, 울산, 경남지역 초등학교 1~3학년에 재학 중인 남녀 학생 중 학급담임교사 또는 학교장의 추천을 받은 체육영재 추천자들을 대상으로 체육과학연구원에서 개발한 KOSTASS 프로그램에 의해 경기 종목별 적합도 분석과 종목별 전문가 심사과정을 거쳐 총 60명을 선발하여 그중 남자 50명의 신체조성, 영양섭취량 및 체력의 상관성을 분석하였다. 영양섭취에 대한 분석 결과 총 열량섭취량은 수영군이 2041 kcal로 가장 많이 섭취하였으나 그룹간 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 비타민 C는 체조군에 비해 수영군이 유의하게 많이 섭취하였다. 대부분의 영양소는 수영군이 많이 섭취하는 것으로 나타났으나 그룹 간 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 신체조성에 대한 분석 결과 신장은 육상군과 수영군이 체조군에 비해 유의하게 크게 나타났으며, 체중, 체지방, 체지방률 및 제지방량은 체조군에 비해 수영군이 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 체력에 대한 분석 결과 팔굽혀펴기는 수영군에서 가장 높게 나타났으나 그룹 간 유의한 차이는 없었다. 농구공던지기는 육상군과 수영군이 체조군에 비해 유의하게 멀리 던졌으며, 윗몸일으키기는 육상군에 비해 수영군이 유의하게 많이 실시하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 50 m달리기는 육상군이 유의하게 빠른 것으로 나타났으며, 하프스쿼트, 제자리멀리뛰기, 1,000 m달리기, 사이드스텝, 앉아 앞으로 굽히기는 그룹 간 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 영양섭취와 신체조성의 상관관계에서 체중은 단백질, 인, 나트륨, 비타민 $B_1$, 비타민 C, 나이신과 정적 상관관계를 보였다. 그리고 BMI는 나트륨, 나이신과 정적상관관계를 보였으며, 체지방은 나이신과 정적상관관계를 보였다. 체지방률은 비타민 C, E, 나이신, 엽산과 정적상관관계를 나타냈으며, 제지방은 지질, 칼슘, 비타민 A, C, E, 엽산을 제외하고 모두 정적상관관계를 보였다. 영양섭취와 체력과의 상관관계에서 팔굽혀펴기는 철과 비타민 C에서 정적상관관계를 보였다. 앉아서 농구공던지기는 지질, 섬유소, 비타민 A, E, 엽산을 제외한 나머지 모든 변인들과 정적상관관계를 보였으며, 윗몸일으키기는 비타민 $B_1$에서 정적상관관계를 보였다. 하프스쿼트는 철과 정적상관관계를 보였으며, 제자리멀리뛰기는 총 열량섭취량, 지질, 비타민 A, $B_1$, $B_2$에서 정적상관관계를 보였다. 1,000 m달리기는 단백질, 탄수화물, 섬유소, 인, 철, 나트륨, 아연과 부적상관관계를 보였으며, 사이트스텝은 나이신과 정적상관관계를 보였다. 윗몸 앞으로 굽히기는 총 열량섭취량, 탄수화물, 인, 나트륨, 아연, 비타민 $B_2$와 부적상관관계를 보였다. 신체조성과 체력과의 상관관계에서 앉아서 농구공던지기는 체중, BMI, 체지방, 체지방률, 제지방량과 정적상관관계가 나타났으며, 제자리 멀리뛰기는 제지방량과 정적상관관계를 보였다. 하지만 1,000 m달리기와 50 m달리기는 체중과 제지방량과 부적상관관계를 보였다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제29권3B호
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• pp.289-301
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 Navier-Stokes방정식과 자유수면추적을 위해 도입한 VOF함수의 이류방정식에 기초하고 있는 CADMAS-SURF(CDIT, 2001)에 Fenton(1972)의 3차근사고립파이론에 의한 조파이론을 새롭게 도입한 수치파동수로로부터 직립호안상에서 지진해일(고립파)의 처오름 및 작용파력을 해석한다. 기존의 연구결과와 대비하여 본 수치해석결과의 적용성을 논의하며, 최소자승법에 기초하여 직립호안상에서 최대처오름과 최대파력을 합리적으로 추정할 수 있는 회귀식을 제안한다. 또한, 육상구조물에 작용하는 지진해일(tsunami wave)의 파력산정에 CADMAS-SURF(CDIT, 2001)의 적용을 시도한다. 육상에서 지진해일의 수위변동, 유속 및 파력변동의 특성으로부터 육상구조물에 미치는 지진해일의 직접적인 영향을 추론할 수 있을것이다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

센서네트워크를 포함한 다양한 모바일 네트워크를 구축하는 경우, 네트워크를 구성하는 단말 또는 노드들을 상호연결 하기 위한 배치 및 그래프를 찾아내는 문제가 대두된다. 이러한 문제를 해결 할 수 있는 공통적인 scheme을 제시하고, 이를 기반으로 구성되는 알고리즘의 실행시간 및 그 결과의 바운드를 수리적으로 정립하면, 관련 시스템 구축의 타당성을 정확하게 평가할 수 있게 된다. 본 논문은 이러한 문제를 대표하는 EMST(Euclidean Minimum Spanning Tree) 문제를 대상으로 하여 분산환경 기반에서 EMST를 병렬처리 형태로 구성할 수 있는 scheme을 제공하고, 이 scheme에 의해 구해 질 수 있는 배치 및 그래프가 EMST와 최대로 어느 정도의 차이를 가지게 되는 지를 판단할 수 있는 기준을 제시한다. 그리고 이 scheme에 의해 구성되는 알고리즘의 실행시간 상한을 제시한다.

• 한국관광식음료학회지:관광식음료경영연구
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• 제10권
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• pp.187-202
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• 1999

We desperately recognize from the economic situation in IMF crisis that only competive goods and serviced. It is anticipated that this difficult situation will probably be continued till 1999. Therefore, it is necessary to think over real aspects of eating=outdoors in IMF period and to provide an opportunity to confront with this crisis. Analysis a recent tendency of domestic eating-outdoors business, there appears, first of all, dual types of eating-outdoors; the one is a sort of 'Cost Sale', which provides some special menu with lowest prices, and the other is a type of 'Family Restaurant', which regards the atmosphere of the place as one of the most essential elements. Both types are getting more popular today. As the result, neither of the alternative cannot recover the current Depression. It is natural that no other conditions can compete with good tastes, fancy atmosphere, and good prices. As a matter of fact, however, it is quite difficult to run this type of bussiness adjusted the above whole conditions. Therefore owners of eating-house must decide to run either ' Cost Sale' or 'Family Restaurant' first and investigate some problems and conditions accordingly. In ane way, the owner intensively visits to some eating houses which is similar style in size and management to that of his style in size and management to that of his and look over what is good and what is bad Right after this investigation, it is efficient for he or she to improve his or her business style in size and management in a short period. It is helpful to check some complements; improvement of signboards, cleaning up of the interior, selecting suitable menu, adjusted prices, tastes, and service quality etc. Although eating-outdoors business is hard hit by IMF, We hope that it would rapidly be brisk in 2000, becaused by that time the basis of each industry would be high qualified, and rich technology would be accumulated.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.299-307
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• 2005

The 180 km/h Korean Tilting Train(TTX) which is now developing as a part of the Korean National R&D project, was elaborately designed. As the tilting trains run curve track with the $30\%$ higher speed than normal trains, the higher centrifugal and dynamic force are expected. Furthermore the complex tilting system increase the probability of failure. Therefore it is very important for tilting train to ensure safety against derailment under the various kind of failed condition in the middle of running as well as normal operating condition. The TTX train have the relatively high roll stiffness to improve the lateral ride comfort and to limit the roll displacement on the curve. But the higher roll stiffness increase the risk of derailment on the twisted track. This paper describes the study to review the safety against derailment caused by the wheel unloading on the severely twisted track. The worst combination of maximum cant change with maximum twist defect was established by numerical simulation. And also it was assumed that the air bag deflated and still the train run its speed limit. Those kind of assumption might be the worst case from the view point of wheel unloading derailment on the twisted track. The dynamic simulation was done by means of VAMPIRE S/W and non-linear transient analysis. We found that derailment quotients Q/P was only slightly influenced by track twist but the wheel unloading was greatly influenced. And we ascertained that the higher roll stiffness the higher wheel unloading. In case of air bag deflated situation, the wheel unloading reached up to $100\%$ which means the wheel lift or jumped. Therefore it was concluded that the design need to be improved to ensure the safety against derailment on the maximum twisted track in case of air bag deflated and tilting train's speed limit.