• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.225-230
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• 1991

From the roots of Rubus parvifolius L., four triterpenoidal sapogenins, ursolic acid 1. $2\alpha$-hydroxyursolic acid 2. causapic acid 3. $2\alpha$, $3\beta$, $19\alpha$-trihydroxyurs-12-en-23.28-dioic acid 4 and one triterpenoidal glycoside. suavissimoside $R_1$ 5. were isolated. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and chemical transformations. Compound 4 was first isolated as free form.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.111-116
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• 2008

This study was carried out to induce plant regeneration via multiple shoot formation from sucker explants of Rubus fruticosus L. ${\times}$ R. parvifolius L. To induce adventitious shoots, the sucker explants were sterilized in 1.2% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution, and then were cultured on the full and 1/2 MS solid medium supplemented with BA (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, $2.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$). After 4 weeks of culture, the highest frequency (83.3%) of shoot formation from sucker explants was obtained from the full MS medium with $1.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ BA. The highest shoot number (3.7) per explant was obtained from the full MS medium with $0.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ BA. After 12 weeks of culture, the number of shoots (15.4) per explant was increased. The highest frequency (95%) of root formation was obtained from the 1/2 MS medium, when the explant with shoot were cultured on the full, 1/2 and 1/4 MS medium. The survival rate of the plantlets after transfer to plastic pots containing sand, soil, and vermiculite (1.1:1, vol.) was 95%. The results indicate that multiple shoot procedure can be applied for an efficient mass propagation of Rubus fruticosus L. ${\times}$ R. parvifolius L.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.13
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• pp.5455-5461
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• 2014

Background: Saponins are a major active component for the traditional Chinese medicine, Rubus parvifolius L., which has shown clear antitumor activities. However, the specific effects and mechanisms of saponins of Rubus parvifolius L. (SRP) remain unclear with regard to human chronic myeloid leukemia cells. The aim of this study was to investigate inhibition of proliferation and apoptosis induction effects of SRP in K562 cells and further elucidate its regulatory mechanisms. Materials and Methods: K562 cells were treated with different concentrations of SRP and MTT assays were performed to determine cell viability. Apoptosis induction by SRP was determined with FACS and DAPI staining analysis. Western blotting was used to detect expression of apoptosis and survival related genes. Specific inhibitors were added to confirm roles of STAT3 and AMPK pathways in SRP induction of apoptosis. Results: Our results indicated that SRP exhibited obvious inhibitory effects on the growth of K562 cells, and significantly induced apoptosis. Cleavage of pro-apoptotic proteins was dramatically increased after SRP exposure. SRP treatment also increased the activities of AMPK and JNK pathways, and inhibited the phosphorylation expression level of STAT3 in K562 cells. Inhibition of the AMPK pathway blocked the activation of JNK by SRP, indicating that SRP regulated the expression of JNK dependent oon the AMPK pathway. Furthermore, inhibition of the latter significantly conferred resistance to SRP pro-apoptotic activity, suggesting involvement of the AMPK pathway in induction of apoptosis. Pretreatment with a STAT3 inhibitor also augmented SRP induced growth inhibition and cell apoptosis, further confirming roles of the STAT3 pathway after SRP treatment. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that SRP induce cell apoptosis through AMPK activation and STAT3 inhibition in K562 cells. This suggests the possibility of further developing SRP as an alternative treatment option, or perhaps using it as adjuvant chemotherapeutic agent for chronic myeloid leukemia therapy.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.110-116
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• 2018

This study was conducted to develop a simple, rapid, and reliable method for in vitro propagation of disease-free and true-to-type clones from sucker explants of thornless blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L. ${\times}$ R. parvifolius L.). To induce multiple shoots, the sucker explants were sterilized in 1% NaOCl solution, and then were aseptically cultured on the full and 1/2 MS solid medium supplemented with BAP (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg/L). After six weeks of culture, the highest frequency (85.4%) of shoot formation from sucker explants was obtained on the full-strength MS medium with 1.0 mg/L BAP. Node explants obtained from multiple shoots were cultured on the various media of full- or half-strength of AD, B5, MS, SH, QL, WPM media, respectively. After 30 days of culture, plant growth was good on the half-AD, half-QL medium. After 90 days of culture, plant growth was good on the full MS and full SH medium. The survival rate of the plantlets after transfer to plastic pots containing soil mixture (sand: soil: vermiculite was 1:1:1, vol.) in the greenhouse was 98%. The results indicate that a multiple-shoot procedure can be applied for an efficient mass propagation of Rubus fruticosus L. ${\times}$ R. parvifolius L.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.199-205
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• 2021

This study was done to evaluate the dermatoxicity of zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) and the protective effect of Rubus parvifolius L. (RP) extract on cytotoxicity of ZnSO4, mordant in cultured SK-MEL-3 cells. For this study, it was done an antioxidative effect as DPPH-radical scavenging ability as well as the diminutive ability of total melanin with cell viability. ZnSO4 significantly decreased cell viability in dose-dependently, and it was mid-toxic. The ascorbic acid significantly increased cell viability damaged by ZnSO4-induced cytotoxicity. In the protective effect of RP extract on ZnSO4-induced cytotoxicity, RP extract significantly increased cell viability compared with ZnSO4-treated group, and also it showed both the DPPH-radical scavenging ability and the decrease of total amount of melanin. From these findings, the cytotoxicity of ZnSO4 is correlated with oxidative stress, and also RP extract effectively protected ZnSO4-induced cytotoxicity via antioxidative effect such as DPPH-radical scavenging ability with the whitening effect by the decrement of total amount of melanin. Conclusively, the natural ingredients like RP extract may be a useful agent for the improvement of antioxidative and whitening effects

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.257-265
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• 2012

This study was carried out to evaluate growth, morphological characteristics, and sugar content among fifty six blackberry (Rubus fructicosus) genotypes derived from gamma-ray treatment (fifty two lines), MNU treatments (three lines), and cross breed R. fructicosus${\times}$R. parvifolius(one line). While 56 genotypes had similar stem diameter with origin variety, the most of mutants showed reduced leaf size. Also, they showed a wide range of variation in fruit size and one hundred fruit weight compared with origin variety. In fruit size and sugar content, two mutant lines showed large fruit sizes and ten mutant lines showed 20% higher sugar content than the original variety. In the correlation analysis, positive relationships were determined between sugar content and stem diameter, fruit length, leaf wide and fruit length/fruit wide ratio. However, leaf length/leaf wide ratio showed a negative correlation with sugar content. The results will be used as fundamental data for Rubus fructicosus breeding program.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.203-210
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• 2017

The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of three kinds of strawberry ethanol extracts from Robus corchorifolius L. f. (RCL), Rubus parvifolius L. var. parvifolius (RPL), and Duchesnea chrysantha Miq. (DCM) were investigated. The RPL was highest (P<0.05) in phenolic, flavonoid, and anthocyanin contents. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical scavenging activities of RPL and DCM extracts were higher than that of RCL (P<0.05). Hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity of RPL was high compared to DCM and RCL (P<0.05). RCL exhibited a significant (P<0.05) potent antioxidant activity in nitric oxide radical inhibition. Inhibition diameter zone (nearest mm) of extracts against the test bacteria ranged from 11.5 in RCL to 12.5 in DCM against Staphylococcus aureus, from 10.5 in RCL to 13.5 in DCM against Streptococcus pneumoniae, from 8.5 in DCM to 10.5 in RCL against Escherichia coli, and the same inhibition of 10 mm in three of the extracts against Klebsiella pneumoniae. However, there was no inhibition against fungi Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. Three of the extracts had the same minimum inhibitory concentration values of 12.50, 12.50, and $6.25{\mu}g/mL$ against S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, and S. pneumoniae, respectively. On the other hand, MIC values of 12.50, 12.50, and $6.50{\mu}g/mL$ were recorded for RPL, DCM, and RCL against E. coli, respectively. The result of present study revealed that extracts from three kinds of strawberries could be potential candidates as antioxidant and antimicrobial sources for functional food industries.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.408-415
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• 2006

Serpentines soil have high values of magnesium and low values of calcium, and are usually deficient in N and P, but rich in iron, Ni, silicates. We investigated serpentine soil properties and measured the content of nutrient elements and heavy metals in shoots and root of plant species which were in common at serpentine and non-serpentine areas in Andong, Korea. The soils showed higher pH value above 6.9. The contents of Ni, Cr, Fe and Mg of serpentine soils exhibited 77, 27, 5.5 and 12.5 times more than in non-serpentine soils, respectively. The content of Na was almost same but K was two times higher in non-serpentine soil, compared with serpentine soil. The contents of nutrient element such as K, Ca, Na and P in serpentine plants did not show conspicuous differences with non-serpentine plants. On the other hand, the concentrations of Ni, Cr, Fe, Mg and Mg/Ca were very high in plant on serpentine area. The all plant species collected at the serpentine site were bodenvag plants, which are not restricted to a specific type of substrate. By the plant species and parts of plant tissues, the absorption levels and patterns showed high variation and were species-specific. Carex lanceolata, Lysimachia clethroides and Cynanchum paniculatum contained much chromium and Eupatorium chinense and C. paniculatum exhibited high contents of Ni. In leaf tissue, C. lanceolata, Rubus parvifolius, Festuca ovina, Quercus serrata, and L. clethroides took comparatively large amount of Cr in serpentine area. E. chinense contained large amount of Ni, Cr and Fe in a leaf tissue. The stem of Galium verum, Juniperus rigida included high amount of Cr, Ni and Fe. And C. paniculatum absorbed large amount of Ni and Cr in the stem.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.974-979
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• 2008

The powdery mildew, a fungal plant disease found in varieties of plant cultures, is occurred by attack with Fusarium sp., Sphaerotheca sp., Leveilluna sp., and Eryshipe sp.. In this study we investigated the control of Fusarium graminearum, a barley powdery mildew fungus, by natural plant extracts. Among the 900 plant extracts tested, Zanthoxylum schinifolium, Ligusticum acutilobum, Bidens frondosa L., Dictamnus dasycarpus, Evodia officinalis, Disporum sessile, Scopolia japonica Max., Styrax japonica S. et Z., Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz., Sinomenium acutum Rehder et Wils., Eugenia aromaticum, Rubus parvifolius L., Reynoutria elliptica, Coptis chinensis, Paeonia lactiflora Pall., Rheum undalatum, Paeonia suffruticosa, Oenothera odorata Jacq., Euphorbia pekinensis Rupr., and Nepeta cataria were selected based on spore germination inhibition assay. Further mycelial growth inhibition assay with economical and safety considerations led us to finally select Z. schinifolium (sancho) for control of F. graminearum. To produce antifungal sancho extract, methanol was suitable for extraction and subsequent fractionations of the extract showed that the water residue mainly had antifungal activity. The sancho extract and its fractions showed minor antibacterial activity against different pathogenic or food spoilage bacteria, but they did not show any harmful effects against young tomato plant by treatment of $1,000\;{\mu}g/ml$ in green chamber test. These results suggested that the extract of sancho has high potentials on control of a powdery mildew fungus, F. graminearum.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.27 no.6 s.122
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• pp.335-345
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• 2004

This study was carried out to on liana dominating at the vicinity of Onsan Industrial Complex declining P. thunbergii foersts. It was surveyed 16 species, 30 species and 50 species at upper, middle and understory, respectively. It was dominant P. thunbergii at upperstory, and P. densiflora, P. thunbergii, Quercus dentata and Q. serrata at middlestory, and Smilax china, Paederia scandens, Symplocos chinensis var. sinuata, Styrax japonica, Lonicera japonica and Q. serrata etc. at understory. It was the highest importance value(13.2) of S. china among all liana, and in order of L. japonica (11.7), P. scandens (11.5) and Cocculus trilobus (7.7). Number of species, Species diversity, Maximum species diversity, Evenness and Dominance of woody plants at upperstory and middlestory by each survey site were higher in forest areas than industrial complex, but those of understory highly showed at industrial complex, and ratio of liana at understory was high. It showed total 50 species at herbaceous plants, and was high I.V. of Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum, Spodiopogon cotulifer, Commerelina commuris, Phytolacca americana, Rubus parvifolius, Miscanthussinensis var. purpurascens and Calamagrostis arundinacea, etc.