• Journal of Environmental Policy
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.1-34
• /
• 2008

It is recognized that RPS(Renewable Portfolio Standard) and FIT(Feed-in Tariff) are two main policy instruments to promote Renewable Electricity(RE). The Korean Government announced in 2008 that RE promotion scheme will be changed to RPS from current FIT system in 2012. But we believe RPS is inferior to FIT for promoting less developed technologies such as photovoltaics or wind power. This is because the achievement of RE promotion in countries adopting RPS is markedly worse than that in European counties or Janpan adopting FIT. If the policy change is inevitable, when considering the lessons from Japan's failure as well as supporting the less developed technologies, it is recommended that either the market should be divided into several technology and scale categories, or more RPS-Credit per kWh should be assigned to the photovoltaic and wind power than instead of letting the all technologies compete in the "open category". It is also recommended that (1) Renewable Energy Promotion Fund(tentative name) based on a part of current energy related tax revenue should be introduced, or (2) cost of supporting the Renewable Electricity should automatically be transferred into the electricity bill of electricity consumers following the German System.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• v.35 no.11
• /
• pp.1698-1710
• /
• 2022

Objective: Raw potato starch (RPS) is resistant to digestion, escapes absorption, and is metabolized by intestinal microflora in the large intestine and acts as their energy source. In this study, we compared the effect of different concentrations of RPS on the intestinal bacterial community of weaned piglets. Methods: Male weaned piglets (25-days-old, 7.03±0.49 kg) were either fed a corn/soybean-based control diet (CON, n = 6) or two treatment diets supplemented with 5% RPS (RPS5, n = 4) or 10% RPS (RPS10, n = 4) for 20 days and their fecal samples were collected. The day 0 and 20 samples were analyzed using a 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology, followed by total genomic DNA extraction, library construction, and high-throughput sequencing. After statistical analysis, five phyla and 45 genera accounting for over 0.5% of the reads in any of the three groups were further analyzed. Furthermore, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the day 20 fecal samples were analyzed using gas chromatography. Results: Significant changes were not observed in the bacterial composition at the phylum level even after 20 d post feeding (dpf); however, the abundance of Intestinimonas and Barnesiella decreased in both RPS treatment groups compared to the CON group. Consumption of 5% RPS increased the abundance of Roseburia (p<0.05) and decreased the abundance of Clostridium (p<0.01) and Mediterraneibacter (p< 0.05). In contrast, consumption of 10% RPS increased the abundance of Olsenella (p<0.05) and decreased the abundance of Campylobacter (p<0.05), Kineothrix (p<0.05), Paraprevotella (p<0.05), and Vallitalea (p<0.05). Additionally, acetate (p<0.01), butyrate (p<0.05), valerate (p = 0.01), and total SCFAs (p = 0.01) were upregulated in the RPS5 treatment group Conclusion: Feeding 5% RPS altered bacterial community composition and promoted gut health in weaned piglets. Thus, resistant starch as a feed additive may prevent diarrhea in piglets during weaning.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.805-828
• /
• 2010

Korea also plans to introduce Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) for strengthening market functions after 2012 as United States and several members of EU countries did. Through the introduction of RPS, it requires energy industry to supply new and renewable energy at fixed rate. Therefore, it will contribute to the distribution of new and renewable energy. This paper analyzed the economic effect of the introduction of RPS using CGE. The summary of the paper on the analysis of the economic effect based on endogenous growth theory under imperfect market competition by using CGE is as follows; Since RPS possibly regulates the amount of new and renewable energy, it can achieve the target amount of new and renewable energy without fail. As achieving the target amount accurately, the distribution of more advanced skills can be expected. However, GDP reduction can occur because investment cost increases due to the requirement of new and renewable energy supply. Therefore, in the long run, it is appropriate to introduce RPS because it contributes to the distribution of new and renewable energy and can be utilized as a new growth engine to encourage economic growth.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Rock Mechanics Conference
• /
• 2003.03a
• /
• pp.13-30
• /
• 2003

In this paper, a new systematic method will be introduced, in which a Rock-mass Prediction System(RPS) predicts the geological conditions and rock mass movements before tunnel excavation and the appropriate counter-measures are taken in the expected weak zones during tunnel construction. The Rock-mass Prediction System(RPS) consists of the LIM, a horizontal core drilling and a seismic exploration method(TSP/HSP). In the Rock-mass Prediction System(RPS), the seismic exploration method (TSP/HSP) gives information on the locations of the weak zones such as major faults and voids in wide-range, and the horizontal core drillings are utilized to find exact location and widths of the faults or voids near the weak zones which was predicted by the seismic exploration method (TSP/HSP). The LIM is used to find the hardness of the rock mass and small weak zones near the excavation face. The Rock-mass Prediction System (RPS) was successfully applied to the Sol-An Tunnel and the effectiveness of the system was verified.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2005.06a
• /
• pp.573-576
• /
• 2005

대표적인 신$\cdot$재생에너지의 시장확대 정책으로 RPS와 기준가격의무구매제가 주요 선진국에서 실시되고 있으며 자국의 자원부존과 경제사회여건에 맞춰 적합한 정책수단을 선택하고 있음. RPS 실시국가에서 RPS는 특별법으로 제정되어 실시효과를 극대화하고 있으며, 신$\cdot$재생에너지발전 인중서의 거래를 포함시켜 시너지효과를 거두고 있음. RPS의 단일의 최적모델은 존재하지 않으며 기본설계와 세부사항은 각 국의 고유의 자원부존 여건 및 경제사회적 특징에 따라 달라짐. RPS의 국내도입이 전력시장과 국민경제에 미치는 영향은 그리 크지 않으며 외부효과를 감하면 편익을 초래함. 또한 수요조사결과 RPS에 대한 선호도가 비교적 높게 나타나며 산$\cdot$ 재생에너지발전의 시장확대 수단으로 높은 점수를 매기고 있음 그러나 RPS의 기본설계를 신중히 가져가야 할 것이며, 법제도 정비에 임해서는 기존에 실시되고 있는 기준가격우선구매제도(발전차액보전)의 고려해야 함.

• Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
• /
• 2012.05a
• /
• pp.40-42
• /
• 2012

Colorization is a method using computer to add color to a black and white image automatically. The input is a grayscale image and some representative pixels (RPs). The RPs contain the color information for the image, and it indicates each region's color information. Colorization-based coding is a novel way for lossy image compression, it decodes a color image to get grayscale image and extracts RPs from the image. Because RPs decides the region's color and we also want small data size for image compression, form this viewpoint the paper proposes a way to get better and fewer RPs based on watershed segmentation. According to the segmentation result we also improve the original chrominance blending colorization method to save decode time and get better reconstruct image.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.21 no.12
• /
• pp.107-114
• /
• 2016

Web system helps high-performance processing for big-data analysis and practical use to make various information using IT resources. The government have started the RPS system in 2012. The system invigorates the electricity production as using renewable energy equipment. The government operates system gathered big-data with various related information system data and the system users are distributed geographically. The companies have to fulfill the system, are available to purchase the REC to other electricity generation company sellers to procure REC for their duty volumes. The REC market operates single auction methods with users a competitive price. But the price have the large variation with various user trading strategy and sellers situations. This papler proposed RPS system modeling and simulation in web environment that is modeled in geographically distributed computing environment for web user with DEVS W/S. Web simulation system base on web service helps to analysis correlation and variables that act on trading price and volume within RPS big-data and the analysis can be forecast REC price.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
• /
• 2005.11a
• /
• pp.454-461
• /
• 2005

There are many cross tunnelling methods such as NTR, TRCM, Messer Shield, Front Jacking, and Pipe Roof Method. The advantages of adopting RPS(Roof Panel Shield) method in crossing tunnel construction with comparing other existing cross tunnelling method are needed a little space and easy to change the direction of cutting shoe during the construction of pipe roof. The 3-dimensional numerical analysis of RPS was performed for the application in the crossing tunnel under railroad. The earth pressure distribution and settlement were predicted when the RPS method was applied during the excavation for crossing railroad tunnel construction.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.59-69
• /
• 2017

In 2012, Korea introduced a Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) scheme, replacing the Feed-in Tariff (FIT) scheme as a market support policy of renewable energy in the electricity market. RPS is to allocate obligatory quota of renewable energy sources for electricity suppliers, whereas FIT is to guarantee high prices for electricity from renewable energy sources. This study examines the effect of this policy change on solar photovoltaic market. According to the study, solar PV market grew fast under FIT as well as under RPS. However, under RPS the size of subsidy for solar PV suppliers was shrunk substantially. In addition, market risk increased severly under RPS due to the volatility of price of renewable energy certificate (REC) as well as of the electricity market price. The small and medium suppliers of solar PV were suffered the most severly from these policy effects. Therefore, the policy reform of RPS is needed to alleviate the market risk of small and medium suppliers of solar PV.

• New & Renewable Energy
• /
• v.1 no.3 s.3
• /
• pp.14-23
• /
• 2005

Korean government set the goal of 5.6% to use renewable energy in electricity generation by 2011 compared with the current use of 0.13%. To achieve this goal, an innovative plan for market competitiveness would be required in addition to the feed-in-tariff [FIT] which is carried out at present in Korea. As a countermeasure, Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy [MOCIE] has taken it into consideration to introduce a Renewable Portfolio Standard [RPS] that is a purchase obligation program as an alternative plan to the FIT. Furthermore, the active renewable energy market may result from and also reversely result in the aid of North Korea with renewable energy. In this paper, we review The RPS in several country cases. Plans, systems, markets and institutionalization for solving efficiency in the area of renewable energy are discussed.