• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.430-457
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to present meaningful information and policy implications concerning the determinants of royalties of technology transfer to stakeholder. To identify key determinants of royalties in technology transfer, this study conducted AHP survey analysis (Survey period: 01/09~31/10, 2016) of 96 government-funded research centers and 85 companies which were participants of the R&D project "Next Generation BioGreen21" of R.D.A in the "N" center from 2011 to 2015. Research results show that both parties acknowledge 'Technical considerations for determining the profitability of the technologies' and 'The interest and willingness of the management group' as critical factors for the determinants of royalties. The difference of each party is that private companies acknowledge 'Available budget plan' as a critical factor while the government-funded research centers value 'Market competitiveness'. These findings suggest four main policy implications which are the investigation of technological demands reflecting specific needs of industrial sites, the diversification of royalty payments for private companies, the differentiated research evaluation system for the purpose of technology transfer and the planning of public R&D project reflecting research time span of private companies.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.624-639
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• 2016

Among various types of public research institutes (PRI), the government-funded research institutes (GRIs) are having a difficult time in enhancing the efficiency of technology transfer. This study specifically analyzed 1,163 projects conducted by GRIs from 2009~2013 to ascertain the determinants that affect technology transfer process. Along with conducting qualitative analysis on relevant researches, we examined the hypotheses by relying on quantitative analysis, using national R&D data from National Science and Technology Information Service (NTIS). As a result of the analysis, we found that whether or not the project generated applied patent, the royalty varied. Also, depending on different R&D development stage, a number of researchers and the amount of R&D funding, the royalty varied. Finally, we derived that out of all the independent variables, a number of applied patents, a number of researchers and the amount of R&D funds can affect the royalty generated from technology transfer. Based on such results we suggest several policy implications.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.35-44
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• 2013

This study tries to identify the determinants of user's attitude toward apps, intention to use and continual consuming intention. This study holds the two main constructs: (1) user's intrinsic determinants- value, innovativeness, gender, Well-being and superordinate influence - on the attitude toward mobile apps, (2) the relation between attitude and app purchase & repurchase intention, and the affecting factors among this relation. In the empirical test result, value, innovation and superordinate influence were identified to affect the attitude. All the relation among attitude, purchase and repurchase intention showed positive significant relationship. In addition, satisfaction intensified the relation between purchase and repurchase intention.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.135-145
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to present meaningful information and policy implications concerning the determinants of royalties to the government-funded research centers and agencies. These groups are responsible for policies encouraging technology transfer from the public sector to the private sector. To identify key determinants of royalties in technology transfer, this study conducted AHP survey analysis (Survey period: 01/10~31/10, 2016) of 85 companies which were participants of the R&D project "Next Generation BioGreen21" of R.D.A in the "N"center from 2011 to 2015. Research results show that the critical factors include: 1)Technical considerations for determining the profitability of the technologies, 2)The interest and willingness of the management group, 3)Necessity and urgency of technology transfer. These findings suggest three main policy implications. First, the government-funded research centers and agencies should develop technologies that help companies improve their commercialization as well as the profitability in the near future. Second, government-funded research centers and agencies should consider reducing the administrative burden of the royalty payment for private companies. Third, public R&D projects should reflect the proper research schedule for technology development on the basis of the R&D time span of companies which transfer technology.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.478-484
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• 2017

This study analyzed statistically the determinants that affect the royalties of knowledge technology transfer, which accounts for a considerable portion of university technology transfer. As knowledge technology transfer certainly includes a move from tacit knowledge from one side to the other side per se, the scope of knowledge technology transfer is unclear and numerical information of technology transfer, such as research fund scale, which is used widely in previous studies, cannot be used in the analysis. Therefore, this study focused on the researcher characteristics and included its explanatory variables in the present study. In addition, it included the technical characteristics of the knowledge transferred and the characteristics of the contracting company. The knowledge maturity calculated from the appointment year and contract date positively affects the technology royalties, but work experience and patent activity of the researcher are not statistically significant. Statistically significant differences in the technology royalty according to the type of technology transfer and the company location were observed, but there was no meaningful change in the technology royalty depending on the technical field and company business scale.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.23-49
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• 2005

Recently, owing to the rapid growth of the Internet and information technology, the growth of the Internet shopping mall has been truly phenomenal. In the Internet shopping mall, as the customers can't touch a product directly, trust is important factor in purchasing intention. Many researchers proposed direct relationship between the customer trust and the purchasing intention. We supposed that there would be some factors that could be the consequences of trust in on-line purchasing decision, and the factors could be also the determinants of purchasing intention and decision for the Internet shopping mall customers. We found out that there were indirect relationship between them through the customer's attitude, involvement, and royalty to the site rather then directly related. Particularly, the correlation between the site attitude and the purchasing intention was high, but the direct effect was not significant. The site attitude was indirectly related to the purchasing intention through the customer involvement and loyalty. This means that the customer relationship involvement and loyalty enhancement strategies are more important for the success of Internet shopping mall.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.406-430
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• 2007

Most pharmaceutical licensing deals are made in the early stage of drug development. While this development process is not unique for complicated technology, a special feature of drug development is that it is highly regulated and a well-defined process. Its statistics in terms of costs and chances of technical success have been researched extensively. This enables relatively detailed calculations as benchmarks for actual deals to be made. Based on such calculations and on the analysis of licensing terms in published agreements, various companies offer quite expensive information, databases, software programs and consultation services to help establish what might be reasonable economic terms in a licensing deal. Over the years, pharmaceutical royalties have been the subject of various articles in journals. Most specific on this subject was the article on determining pharmaceutical royalties. Many other articles are about a more general nature deal with determining reasonable royalty rates, evaluating and underpinning the empirical value and usefulness of the 25% rule. The object of this article is to provide a relatively simple analytical approach based on the major economic terms underlying pharmaceutical licensing deals. The aim is to enhance the understanding of the relations between the major factors involved. Details are disregarded, as generally, where the terms of licensing deals depend on predictions over a considerable length of time, the value of detail is limited. Some specific issues addressed by the approach are the impact on profits of large investments, high risks and long development times characteristic of drug development, the consequent strong impact that the ultimate sales levels and operating margins may have on what might be considered a reasonable royalty rate, and the relationship between upfront payments and milestone payments to be paid during pharmaceutical development and the royalties due once the drug enters the market.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.87-101
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• 2008

This paper studied the determinants affected the gamer's flow and communication on personal factors and environmental factors. The study deeply researched on the influence of flow and communication on customer loyalty, comparing korean gamer's behavior with chinese ones as research objects. As a result for this study, on-line game with high customer loyalty are considered as the more successful ones, resulted in korean gamers more influential on customer loyalty than chinese gamers, and suggested the strategic directions for online game developers and services.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.33-75
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• 2011

The ownership structure of a franchise system is determined by the franchisor's strategic choice. A close look at the extant theories and perspectives in economics and management such as resource scarcity theory, agency theory, transaction cost analysis, and mixed ownership theory reveals that firms choose their ownership structure for the sake of economic efficiency, profit potentials, the chance of survival, and other strategic concerns. The present study, on the basis of strategic choice perspective, reviews the divergent theories of a franchise system's ownership structure and its determinants, thus providing a theoretical framework for comparing the contradictory arguments along the several critical dimensions. We also developed and tested the conflicting hypotheses regarding key determinants of ownership structure including firm's age, size, transaction-specific investments, uncertainty, and risk-sharing propensity. Using a FDD (Franchise Disclosure Document) data set of 543 Korean franchisors, we found that the years in business, the total number of employees, days of training, the inverse of the years of franchising, and the requirement of royalty payment have positive relationships with the proportion of company-owned outlets to total number of outlets. On the other hand, the proportion of company-owned outlets was found to have negative relationships with the total number of outlets and the extent of geographic dispersion of outlets, but to have no significant relationships with the initial investment required and the inverse of contract length. Based on the findings, we provide several theoretical and managerial implications for studying ownership structure of franchise systems.