• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.401-405
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• 1991

Bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma accounts for less than 6% of all primary lung cancer but has distinct clinical and radiological features and unusual pathologic appearance. The characteristic features are its peripheral location and tendency of rapid progression to diffuse type via aeroginous and lymphatic route without surgical intervention. Among them, mucin secretory type bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma is the rarest and most distinctive. We experienced a case of mucin secretory type bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma in a 47 year old female with roentgenographic findings of chronic progressive pulmonary consolidation with muliple cavities.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.749-753
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• 2015

Toxoplasma gondii atypical type II genotype was diagnosed in a pet peach-faced lovebird (Agapornis roseicollis) based on histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and multilocus DNA typing. The bird presented with severe neurological signs, and hematology was suggestive of chronic granulomatous disease. Gross post-mortem examination revealed cerebral hemorrhage, splenomegaly, hepatitis, and thickening of the right ventricular free wall. Histologic sections of the most significant lesions in the brain revealed intralesional protozoan organisms associated with malacia, spongiform changes, and a mild histiocytic response, indicative of diffuse, non-suppurative encephalitis. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the causative organisms to be T. gondii. DNA isolated from the brain was used to confirm the presence of T. gondii DNA. Multilocus genotyping based on SAG1, altSAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, and Apico markers demonstrated the presence of ToxoDB PCR-RFLP genotype #3 and B1 gene as atypical T. gondii type II. The atypical type II strain has been previously documented in Australian wildlife, indicating an environmental transmission route.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.288-294
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• 2021

There are various ways to be infected with malicious code due to the increase in Internet use, such as the web, affiliate programs, P2P, illegal software, DNS alteration of routers, word processor vulnerabilities, spam mail, and storage media. In addition, malicious codes are produced more easily than before through automatic generation programs due to evasion technology according to the advancement of production technology. In the past, the propagation speed of malicious code was slow, the infection route was limited, and the propagation technology had a simple structure, so there was enough time to study countermeasures. However, current malicious codes have become very intelligent by absorbing technologies such as concealment technology and self-transformation, causing problems such as distributed denial of service attacks (DDoS), spam sending and personal information theft. The existing malware detection technique, which is a signature detection technique, cannot respond when it encounters a malicious code whose attack pattern has been changed or a new type of malicious code. In addition, it is difficult to perform static analysis on malicious code to which code obfuscation, encryption, and packing techniques are applied to make malicious code analysis difficult. Therefore, in this paper, a method to detect malicious code through dynamic analysis and static analysis using Trojan-type Downloader/Dropper malicious code was showed, and suggested to malicious code detection and countermeasures.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.63-74
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• 2024

The objectives of this study is to classify evacuation types, derive the characteristics of 4 types, develop and discover evacuation routes within the performance hall space, and present the statistical classification results of the evacuation classification model by classification type. To achieve this purpose, the characteristics of each evacuation type's four types are applied through a network reliability analysis method and utilized for institutional improvement and policy. This study applies for the building law, evacuation and relief safety standards when establishing a performance hall safety management plan, and reflects it in safety-related laws, safety standards, and policy systems. Statistical data by evacuation type were analyzed, and measurement characteristics were compared and analyzed by evacuation types. Evaluate the morphological similarity and reliability of evacuation types according to door width and passage length and propose the install position of evacuation guidance sign boards. The results of this study are expected to be used as basic data to provide operation strategies for safety facility evacuation information sign boards according to evacuation route classification types when taking a safety management plan. The operation strategy for the evacuation sign boards installation that integrates employee guidance and safety training is applied to the performance hall safety management plan. It will contribute to establishing an operational strategy for performance space safety when constructing performance facilities in the future.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2014

$Co_2Z$-type hexaferrite 시편을 다양한 합성법을 이용하여 제조하였다. 수열합성법을 이용하여 M-type, $Co_2Y$-type, $Co_2Z$-type을 제조하였으며, 제조된 M-type과 $Co_2Y$-type을 출발물질로 하여 고상반응법(ball milling)과 수열합성법(hydrothermal)으로 $Co_2Z$-type을 제조하였다. 제조된 시편의 결정구조와 미세구조 자기적 성질은 XRD, FESEM, VSM, impedance analyzer를 이용하여 조사하였다. M-type과 $Co_2Y$-type은 단일상의 결정구조를 얻을 수 있었다. 여러 합성법 중에 M+Y ball milling, M+Y hydrothermal에서 제조한 시편이 $Co_2Z$-type hexaferrite의 단일상과 대체로 일치하는 것을 알 수 있었으며, $Co_2Z$-type의 모든 시편들은 이론적인 포화 자화값(50 emu/g)과 비슷한 값을 나타내었다. 소결한 시편들의 투자율은 시약을 precusor로 하여 제조한 $Co_2Z$-type의 투자율이 가장 높았으며, 열처리 온도가 증가함에 따라 투자율은 낮아졌다. 다른 합성법에서는 열처리 온도에 따른 변화가 거의 나타나지 않는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.183-192
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• 2002

Cells infected With equine herpesvirus type-1 (EHV-1) Produced both infectious and non-infectious Virus-related particles. Compared to the whole virion, non-infectious particles termed L-particles were deter-mined to lack 150 kDa protein, commonly known as nucleocapsid protein. The potential of L-particles to induce immune responses was studied in mice and foals. Intranasal immunization with L-particles or whole virions induced poor IgG antibody responses in mice. Interestingly, despite the poor antibody response, the conferred immunity protected the host from challenge infections. This was indicated by a significant reduction in virus titers in line with recovery towards normal body weight. Subsequently, the test on the usefulness of L-particles as immunizing agents was extended to foals. Immunization of specific-pathogen-free (SPF) foals resulted in similar results. As determined by a complement-fixing-antibody test (CFT), foals seroconverted when they were immunized either with inactivated L-particles or whole virions via intramuscular (i.m.) injections. The presence of the antibody correlated with the degree of protection. Beyond day 1 post challenge infection (p.i.), there was no virus shedding in the nasal mucus of foals immunized with whole EHV-1 virions. Virus shedding was observed in foals Immunized with L-particles but limited to days 6 to 8 p.i. only. In contrast, extended vim shedding was observed in non-immunized foals and it was well beyond day 14 p.i. Viremia was not detected for more than four days except in non-immunized foals. Immunization in mice via intranasal (i.n.) conferred good protection. However, compared to the i.n. route, a greater degree of protection was obtained in foals following immunization via i.m. route. Despite variation in the degree of protection due to different routes of immunization in the two animal species, our results have established significant evidence that immunization with L-particles confers protection in the natural host. It is suggested that non-infectious L-particles should be used as immunizing agents for vaccination of horses against EHV-1 infection.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.915-926
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• 2017

지하철은 수도권 및 주요 광역지자체에서 버스와 함께 대표적으로 수도권 시민이 가장 많이 이용하는 교통수단이이나 관련 연구 결과를 살펴보면 안내표지에 대한 만족도는 낮고, 안내표지 개선이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 길찾기에 영향을 주는 안내표지를 대상으로 L자형 역사구조를 가진 시청역과 교대역의 안내표지 설치위치, 설치간격, 설치높이, 설치형식 및 실제 이용자를 대상으로 추적 조사, 설문조사를 수행하였다. 그 결과 시청역 및 교대역 모두 L자형의 역사 구조로 인해 이동거리가 길어 원하는 목적지로 정확하게 이동하고 있는지에 대한 확인을 필요로 하였으며, 두 역 모두 안내표지 설치개수(안내표지 과다 부착, 과소 부착), 안내표지 설치 위치(타 시설물에 가려 잘 안보임, 필요 없는 안내표지 설치), 안내표지 설치 높이(너무 낮거나 높게 설치), 기타(작은 안내표지 글씨 크기, 안내표지 내 너무 많은 정보량 존재) 등의 문제를 갖고 있었다. 이는 공간별 정보의 위계에 대한 고려 없이 모든 정보를 제공함으로써 나타난 결과로 본 연구에서는 지하철 역 내 이동(나가기, 타기, 갈아타기) 공간별/그에 따른 행위를 구분하여 L자형 역사 구조일 경우 공간별 안내표지 설치 유형을 정의하였으며, 이동경로 방향유도에 대한 구체적인 원칙을 제안하였다. 해당 연구는 향후 지하철 역 안내표지 유형 및 배치에 중요한 기초자료로 활용 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.647-668
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• 2010

'산경표'와 나란히 조선후기 국토지리사상의 체계화와 대중화의 상정으로 여겨지는 '거경정리표'는 지금까지 주 연구대상이 되지 않았지만, 거경정리표는 조선후기의 국토지리관을 해석하는 데 중요한 실마리를 제공하며, 당시 도로교통체계상의 분석에도 중요한 연구소재이다. 본 논문은 수많은 사본들이 전해지고 있는 거경정리표들을 '대로체계'와 '경유지명'에 착안하여, 내용면에서 유형분류를 시도하는 것을 주목적으로 하며, 아울러 각 유형 및 다른 지리지들을 비교하면서 그 계통성에 대해 가설을 제시하면서 향후 거경정리표 연구의 초석이 되고자 하였다. 그 결과, 모든 거경정리표는 산경표와 마찬가지로 신경준이 편찬한 동국문헌비고 여지고를 저본으로 하면서도 필사자들에 의해 부분적으로 가공되었으며, 그 변화과정의 차이에서 '여지고 변형형', '여지고 직계형', '도로고 혼합형' 등 세 가지 유형으로 나누어지는 점, 거의 각 유형간의 내적인 상호작용만으로 계보가 형성되고 개항기까지 내려왔다는 점이 확인되었다.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.83-95
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• 2021

In this study, various usage patterns were analyzed after establishing a data mart for micro mobility analysis based on the rental history of public bicycles in Seoul. Rental history data is origin-destination data that includes the rental location and time, and the return location and time. About 1500 rental locations were classified according to the characteristics of the location to create a 'station type' dimension. We also created a 'path type' dimension that displays whether the rental location and return location are the same. In addition, a derived variable called speed, which is obtained by dividing the distance used by the time used, is added, and through this, the characteristics of the riding area and the reason for the rental can be estimated. Meanwhile, administrative district link, administrative neighborhood link, and station type link were created to apply network analysis. Through this analysis, the roles and proportions of administrative districts, public facilities, and private facilities engaged in micro-mobility services were visualized. 49.9% of rentals occur at rental offices near transportation facilities, and half of them occur at rental offices near subway stations. The number of rentals during the evening rush hour is more than double that of the morning rush hour. When the path type is unidirectional, there is a fixed destination, so the distance and time used are short, and the movement speed tends to be high. In the case of round-trip, the purpose of use is exercise or leisure, so the distance and time used are long, and the movement speed is slow. It is expected that the results of the analysis can be used as reference materials for selecting new rental locations, providing convenient services for users, and developing user-specialized products.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제7권9호
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• pp.172-181
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• 1999

The brakes employed on commercial vehicles must be able to withstand three types of demanding services which are use-emergency stops from high speed, many repeated stops as in a delivery or bus route, and speed control in mountain descents. Two type of friction brakes are in use ; drum breaks and disc brakes. Drum brakes are of the internally expanding type in which two shoes fitted externally with friction material are forced outward against the inside of a rotating drum on the wheel unit. In this case, the Braking power is produced by the friction force between a drum and a lining, and is converted into heat. In this research an unsteady state heat transfer analysis for drum brake system of heavy truck has been performed by ABAQUS/standard code in the case of single-braking and the repeated braking condition. The temperature histories obtained by the finite Element analysis have been compared with the result calculated by the simplified formulation and the result obtained by the experiment of real vehicle conditions.