• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.77-82
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• 2006

Annual bluegrass(Poa annua L.) is a problem weed that is very difficult to control on golf courses. There are some reasons that make Poa annua such a difficult weed to be controled. One of these reasons is this plant's ability to reproduce its seed even under stressful conditions. Another reason is its adaptation to low mowing heights. Above all things, the greatest competitive advantage of Poa annua is its genetic diversity. Generally, Poa annua is a bunch type and annual type cool-season grass, but some types act as weak perennials and have stolons. There has been much research on controlling annual bluegrass in golf course turf with chemical and cultural techniques. This research has been conducted for more than 85 years. There has been some progress in controlling some types of Poa annua, but these methods have not been successful on every biotype. Among all of the techniques, Roundup ready creeping bentgrass has the most promise of controlling the diverse types of Poa annua. Roundup ready bentgrass is capable of tolerating the effects of Roundup(glyphosate) while it kills other plants including Poa annua. By using this new technology, we can make Poa annua free greens, tees, and fairways.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.315-326
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• 2017

Four quadrotor UAVs are maneuvered to guide four animals into their pen within the minimum time by creating noises of predators modeled with an exponential function. The quadrotor UAVs are controlled via PID controllers, follow time optimal trajectories, and avoid collisions through altitude separations. The stability of the proposed PID controller is analyzed and verified using MATLAB/Simulink based simulations. Proposed step by step strategies would be practical solutions of actual cattle roundup problems.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.25-25
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• 2003

“Roundup BioKorea” is the project to develop the role of Korea Food and Drug Administration in leading the process of the effective materials from basic research work to licensed commercial BioProducts. Korean government has invested a large amount of budget to a biotechnological area by “Biotech 2000” program since 1994. (omitted)

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.51-55
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• 1981

The study was conducted during 1975-1980 to evaluate the performance of several herbicides in controling alternate host, Pedicularis spp., of white pine blister rust disease in forest stands. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. It was found that Roundup was effective and most suitable herbicide in the fosest stands except that it accompanied some chemical injuries to neighboring plants. 2. As for the reduction density on the plot treated with Roundup was 100% and 65-91% respectively when investigated one and two years after its treatment on Pedicularis spp. 3. Another four chemicals, 2.4-D, Gramoxone, 2.4. 5-T and Para-col killed stems and leaves of Pedicularis spp. at the year treated, but appeared again next spring. 4. Eradication effectiveness in terms of spraying season was proved to be that late August was better than late May or June.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.799-814
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• 2021

Information is lacking about the effect of date of a fall cut of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) on dry matter yield (DMY), forage nutritive value, and stands persistence. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of timing of a fall cut on DMY, forage nutritive value and stand persistence of three alfalfa varieties: low-lignin Hi-Gest 360, Roundup Ready Tonica, and conventional Gunner in Northeastern Kansas in the United States. The field study was carried out by splitting plot in randomized complete block design with four replications. The harvesting data of different maturity stages were collected in each year from 2015 to 2018. Three cuts were harvested based on the stage of maturity, and the last (fourth) cut was done on September 15, September 30, October 15, and October 30 of each year. The persistence of the alfalfa stands was determined each fall after the last cut, and each spring after the first cut, by counting the number of live plants in a randomly placed quadrat in each plot. Alfalfa cut on September 15 and September 30 had a higher stand persistence compared to alfalfa cut on October 15 and October 30. The DMY of the first cut in 2016 was significantly higher in roundup ready than the low-lignin alfalfa variety. In the second cut, DMY was significantly higher in conventional alfalfa than the roundup ready. There were no significant differences in DMY between alfalfa varieties in the rest of seasonal cuttings in 2016 and 2017 and annual total yield in both years. In general, low lignin alfalfa variety had higher crude protein and relative feed value and lower acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber contents than those in roundup ready and conventional alfalfa varieties. On average, nutritive value of alfalfa was generally affected by last cutting dates in 2017. Based on 3-year data the last cutting of alfalfa in the fall could be done by September 30-October 15 without harmful effect on DMY.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.185-189
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• 2002

Along with the worldwide rapid increase of the cultivation area and commercial production of genetically modified (GM) crops, the amount of GM grains imported to Korea has also been increasing. Roundup-Ready soybean (RRS) was introduced with 5-enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-photphate synthase (EPSPS) gene derived from Agrobacterium CP4 to confer the resistance to herbicide, glyphosate. In this study, we tried to develop PCR-based analytical method to detection the presence of RRS among non-GM soybeans. In order to detect RRS specifically, oligonucleotide primers were specifically designed based on the nucleotide sequence of EPSPS transgene. Qualitative PCR method was established and its specificity and accuracy were confirmed by analysing the nucleotide sequence of PCR DNA fragments. Bioassay was also conducted by spraying glyphosate at seedling stage. Survived individuals showed obvious resistance to Roundup Ready, however all of non-GM seedlings died in two weeks after spray. Conclusively, the highly selective detection systems for RRS were successfully established by both PCR using specific primers to EPSPS transgene and bioassay using the herbicide resistance of RRS. In addition to, the imported soybean showed to be mixed to several varieties regarding to 100-seed weight and hilum color.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.219-226
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• 2005

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.293-301
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• 2001

Genetically modified organism (GMO) using recombinant DNA technique has been exponentially increased, however there are still arguments for the safety of GM foods. The objective of this research was to compare the allergens of GM soybean(Roundup Ready$^{TM}$) with conventional soybeans. Each soybean extracts were prepared as crude extracts, heated extracts, and as heated and simulated gastric quid (SGF)-digested samples to characterize the stability of allergens to physicochemical treatment. Positive sera from 20 soybean-sensitive patients and control sera from 5 normal subjects were used to identify the endogenous allergens in soybeans. Specific-IgE binding activities to each soybean preparations were evaluated by ELISA and immunoblot technique. In ELISA result, IgE binding activities of positive sera to soy crude extracts generally showed two fold higher mean value than those of control sera, how-ever there was no significant difference between GM soybean and natural soybean varieties. Extracted proteins form each of the soybean preparations were separated with SDS-PAGE. The band pattern of GM soybean was very similar to those of natural soybean varieties. Immunoblots for the different soybeans revealed no differences in IgE-binding protein patterns, moreover, disclosed five prominent IgE-binding bands (75, 70, 50, 44 and 34 kDa) in crude extracts, four (75, 70, 44 and 34 kDa) in heated preparations, one (50 kDa) in heated and SGF-digested preparations. These IgE binding bands were consistent with previously reported results on the soybean. These results indicate that GM soybean (Roundup Ready$^{TM}$) is no different from natural soybean in terms of its allergen.gen.

• BMB Reports
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.537-540
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• 2000

A simplified but reliable method was developed for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection of genetically modified (GM) plants. The modified CTAB (mCTAB) method enabled us to prepare a high quality of genomic DNA from several hundred plant leaf samples in one day. Using DNA samples prepared from seven dicots and two monocots, approximately 1.75-kb regions spanning 17 S to 25 S ribosomal RNA genes were successfully amplified in a 2X PCR pre-mix containing BLOTTO. Further fidelity assessment of the mCTAB method by PCR analysis with Roundup Ready soybean (RRS) and non-RRS plants showed that the DNA samples prepared alternately from each of two lines were evidently free of cross-contamination. These results demonstrate that the mCTAB method is highly recommended for the rapid detection of transgenes in large numbers of leaf samples from diverse transgenic plants.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.369-374
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• 2004

Genetically modified (GM) soybean Roundup Ready carries Agrobacterium sp. CP4 gene, which expresses 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (CP4EPSPS). CP4EPSPS in GM soybeans and soybean curds was screened using CP4EPSPS-specific polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies (pab and mab, respectively) by immunoblotting. Isolated recombinant CP4EPSPS was detected at detection limits of $0.006\;and\;0.0006{\mu}g$, whereas those of CP4EPSPS expressed in GM soybean were $0.001\;and\;0.0001{\mu}g$g, using mab and pab, respectively. From nine screened soybean curds, two had positive results with pab Immunoblotting method with pab and mab developed in this study could be applied to screen glyphosate-tolerant GM soybeans in soybean products.