• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.17 no.1 s.50
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• pp.49-55
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• 2007

Various away methods are required in the electrical resistivity survey in order to find anomalous zone reliably. Array methods are classified as several groups. Among these group, a curved survey along the fixed elevation is designed to increase the mobility of men and survey equipments at the rough terrain. Another method is performed at the survey using inclined, curved, and horizontal boreholes. A survey can also be conducted in an arbitrary location by measurements of potentials for a multi sources. The complex data acquired using various away methods are represented by a correct images reconstructed from the 3D inversion. The element division is applied to the region in which the boreholes are curved and inclined because of a spatial discrepancies between the coordinate of each electrode and the nodal point in a model. The resistivity images are obtained from a good agreement for the anomalous zones in open slope and in survey using an inclined borehole.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.557-562
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• 2018

High molecular weight sodium alginate (HMWSA)/low molecular weight sodium alginate (LMWSA) microcapsules containing phytoncide oil were prepared with different LMWSA contents. The effects of the stirring rate and ratio of HMWSA/LMWSA on the diameter and morphology of the phytoncide/alginate beads were investigated by optical microscopy and the release behaviors of phytoncide oil from the phytoncide/alginate beads were characterized by UV/Vis. spectrophotometry. The mean particle size of the phytoncide/alginate beads decreased with increasing stirring rate and concentration of the calcium chloride solution. The surface morphology of the phytoncide/alginate beads changed from smooth surfaces to skin-like rough surfaces with increasing LMWSA content. These results were due mainly to the increased hydrophilic groups at the bead surface, resulting in an increase in the release rate of phytoncide oil in the phytoncide/alginate beads.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.482-486
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• 2005

The biodegradable poly(${\varepsilon}$-caprolactone)(PCL)/poly(ethylene imine)(PEI) microcapsules containing $Al_2O_3$ and fragrant oil were prepared with different PEI contents. The effects of stirring rate and concentration of the surfactant on the diameter and morphologies of microcapsules were investigated by using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Thermal behaviors were studied by using a differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), and the release behaviors of fragrant oil from microcapsule were characterized by UV/vis. spectrophotometer. As a result, the average particle size of the microcapsules decreased with increasing the stirring rate or concentration of the surfactant. The surface morphologies of the microcapsules were changed from smooth surfaces to skin-like rough surfaces as increasing the PEI content. These results were mainly due to the increased hydrophilic groups at the microcapsule surfaces, resulting in increasing the release rate of fragrant oil in the microcapsules studied.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.227-242
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• 1987

This study was designed to investigate the pulpal effects of the glass ionomer cement. (Lining cement, G-C Co. Japan) For this purpose, 10 cats were selected, and Class V cavities were prepared on canines of the cats. One experimental group was filled with glass ionomer cement and the other group was filled with zinc phosphate cement . (G-C Co, Japan) The animals of the experimental and control group were sacrificed at 1,2,3,4,6, weeks after the experiment. For comparison of reparative dentin formation pattern in direction of the pulpal and fractured lateral surface, each of them was observed with scanning electron microscope. The findings led to the following conclusions; 1. Reparative dentin of the glass ionomer cement and zinc phosphate cement filling groups were formed on the internal surface of dentin as the shape of hemispherical and spherical with a rough surface. 2. Some of reparative dentin of the glass ionomer cement filling group was started to form at 1 week after experiment, and at 6 weeks after experiment, it had been increased gradually in number and size. 3. Reparative dentin of zinc phosphate cement filling group was formed vigorously, however, gradually was decreased in number and size, and disappeared at 6 weeks after experiment. 4. During the formation of reparative dentin, peritubular dentins were indistinguishable. 5. The diameter of dentinal tubules of reparative dentin has been decreased, during the reparative dentin formed, and it became very irregularly at 6 weeks after experiment.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.82-104
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• 2006

Objectives: The aim of this study is to find the therapeutic meaning of the Pyrite in herbal medication. Methods: About the origin, the component, the processing the drug, the properties and tastes of drugs, the meridian tropism, the effects, the treating disease, the contraindication and the method of administration. We have researched thirty three literatures to mention the pyrite in time sequence. Results: 1. The pyrite belongs to the metallic herbs and it consists of Iron sulfide, sometimes containing small amounts of cobalt, nickel. silver, and gold. 2. The processing the drug are the tempering, the annealing with vinegar. the refining drug with water or RADIX GLYCYRRHIZAE and et cetra, and accoring to these methods, the pyrite classified into three groups - the rough pyrite, the tempered pyrite, the annealed pyrite. 3. The properties and tastes of drugs is pungent and regular. If pyrite is well refine, it is nearly safe form the metallic virulence. the meridian tropism is mainly liver meridian. 4. From old times, pyrite has come into general use to treat the injury of muscles and tendons and bone facture because it is effective on dissipating blood stasis, alleviating pain and reunion of bone, muscles and ligament. 5. When the symptom is gone, a medicine to contain pyrite must be stoped taking. Because of pyrite's effect on regulateing Gi and promoting blood flow. Conclusions: This study showed that the pyrite is useful herb to treat the injury of muscles and tendons and bone facture.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.86-94
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• 1999

A set of rice recombinant inbred lines was developed from a cross between a Tongil type variety, Nonganbyeo, and an indica variety, BG276, by the single seed descent method. The number of the lines in the population was 272. All the agronomic characters studied except ADV (alkali-digestion value) showed continuous variation among the RILs, implying that their inheritance mode should be quantitative. The patterns of the variation in the RILs were either normal or skewed distribution. ADVs of RILs were segregated into two groups with 1:1 ratio, indicating that ADVs in this KIL population might be controlled by one major gene. Transgressive variations were also observed in all characters. Heritability values of the characters varied from 0.488 in brown/rough rice ratio to 0.895 in alkali-digestion value. In the analysis of genotypic and phenotypic correlations, the character of yield was positively correlated with 8 different agronomic characters. The number of panicles per hill was negatively correlated with culm length, panicle length, and number of spikelets per panicle. Grain length was positively correlated with grain width, grain thickness, grain length/width ratio, white belly, ADV, and amylose. However, grain length/width ratio was negatively correlated with grain width. White core was also negatively correlated with white belly and ADV.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.12-25
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• 1994

This research was undertaken to determine the effects of the anticancer and immunosuppressive drug cyclophosphamide (CP) on the epididymis of the male rat in terms of ultrastructural alteration and protein analysis by SDS-PAGE at different groups; control group, 1 week group, 3 weeks group, 5 weeks group were treated with saline (control group) or CP at doses of 20mg/Kg/week, 1 time a week, respectively. In the cytoplasm of the principal cells on the epididymis, the mitochondrial outer and inner membranes were significantly swollen or disrupted. The cisterns of rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) were also swollen, and a number of Golgi vesicles were increased, respectively. It is suggested that treatment with CP alters the specific cell organelles in all segments of the epididymis. CP caused changes in protein concentrations in cauda of epididymis after CP treatment. Total proteins of 30 to 39 species such as lactate dehydrogenase, carnitine acetyltransferase and acid phosphatase were expressed in the cauda fluid. Then the more CP was increased, the more concentration of proteins caused to decrease, synthesize or increase in epididymal cauda. In contrast to the control group, in particular 29KD and the other 10 proteins in the cauda fluid were decreased or disappeared, respectively, whereas 89KD and the other 6 proteins in the cauda, were increased or synthesized, respectively. The other proteins are not showed distinctive difference. Therefore, it is possible that CP at a high dose accumulation alters epididymal function with dose-related increase or decrease in specific activity of marked proteins for all regions of the epididymis (particularly, specific segment of cauda). These alterations could be mediated by direct, toxic effects of the drug on the epithelium or be secondary to changes in the spermatozoa as a result of the CP treatment.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.695-699
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• 2009

UV irradiation causes skin-aging involving coarse wrinkles, thickening, dyspigmentation, and rough skin surface. This study was carried out to develop health & functional food by using Korean red ginsneg and Fagopyrum esculentum extract mixture (RGFE) for prevention of skin wrinkles. The RGFE-treated group showed the more effective collagenase inhibition rate than the red ginseng (RG)-treated group. To investigate photo protective effects of RGFE on UV-induced damaged skin, SKH hairless male mice were orally administerd RGFE and regional treatment and irradiated with UV for up to 8 weeks. In RGFE-treated group, better skin, and less wrinkle formation were observed compared with UV group. Epidermal thickness of hairless mouse was significantly decreased in RGFE, RG, and Fagopyrum esculentum (FE) groups compared with UV group. These results demonstrate RGFE have photo-protective effects on UV-damaged hairless mouse skin.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.189-204
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• 1990

In the KODOS (Korea Deep Ocean Study)-89 area, western part of clarion-Clipperton fracture zones in the northeastern equatorial Pacific, magnate nodules and sediments were sampled during the 'Farnella' cruise in Oct., 1989. Bulk chemical and mineralogical analyses have been made on a suit of ferromanganese nodules and sediments to study the origin and distribution pattern of the nodules. The nodules are classified into three groups based on their origin: diagenetic nodules with high Mn/Fe ratio, Cu, Ni, Zn, Mg, todorokite contents and rough surface texture; hydrogenetic nodules with high Fe, Co, vernadite contents and smooth surface texture; and transitional nodules with intermediate characters between diagenetic and hydrogenetic nodules. Study area is divided into four zones according to the origin and abundance of nodules: far north area where nodules are hydrogenetic and intermediate in abundance; north area where nodules are diagenetic and low in abundance; south area where nodules are diagenetic and intermediate in abundance; seamount area where nodules are hydrogenetic and high in abundance. distribution pattern of manganese nodules in the KODOS-89 area seems to be controlled by latitudinal variation of productivity in water column and sea bottom morphology.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.281-286
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• 2014

Objectives : The aim of this study is to evaluate the surface changes of enamel specimen, tooth structure by toothpastes in child and adult. Methods : Experimental teeth were collected from extracted human primary teeth. 120 enamel specimens were prepared by cutting the teeth into $2{\times}3{\times}2mm$ blocks using diamond saw and the specimens were assigned to 3 groups. Group 1 was used as control with no treatment. Group 2 was treated with child toothpaste and Group 3 was treated with adult toothpaste on primary enamel surface for 3 minutes daily over 4 weeks. The specimens were immersed into individual container having artificial saliva and the artificial saliva was changed every day. The electron probe micro analyzer(EPMA) provided weight percent(wt%) of calcium(Ca) and phosphorous(P) on enamel surface. The morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA) and Tukey's test post-hoc test using SPSS(Version 20, SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA). Level of significance was set at 0.05. Results : The surface changes of the primary teeth revealed a significant difference during 4 weeks. Calcium(Ca) and phosphorous(P) levels were found the weight percent difference and a rough enamel surface was seen on SEM after adult toothpaste application. Conclusions : The changes in Ca and P and the morphological surface were affected by the primary tooth treated with adult toothpaste. Enamel surface showed significant differences during 4 weeks.