• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.395-400
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• 2005

목 적 : Rotavirus는 국내뿐 아니라 전 세계적으로 영 유아 급성 설사의 가장 흔한 원인이며 또한 영유아기의 원내 감염의 가장 중요한 원인 중 하나이다. 본 연구의 목적은 rotavirus 원내 감염의 위험 인자와 모유 수유 및 정장제 등이 원내 감염에 미치는 영향을 알아보고, rotavirus 원내 감염의 불현성 감염률과 퇴원 후 증상 발현율 등에 대해 연구하기 위한 것이다. 방 법 : 2003년 3월부터 2004년 2월 사이에 전주예수병원 소아과에 설사증 이외의 질환으로 입원한 환아 중 3회 이상 대변 검사를 하였던 390명을 대상으로, 입원 기간과 퇴원 후 3일째 대변 검사에서 rotavirus 항원 양성이었던 환아를 원내 감염군으로 하고, 비감염군은 입원 기간과 퇴원 후 3일까지 설사 증상이 없고 rotavirus 항원 검사 음성이었던 환아로 하여 rotavirus 원내 감염의 위험인자를 관찰하였다. 대변 검사는 입원 첫날 latex 응집반응 검사법으로 rotavirus 항원을 검사하였다. 입원 첫날 대변에서 세균 배양 검사와 rotavirus 항원 검사가 음성인 환아에서 rotavirus 원내 감염을 알기 위하여 입원 4일째, 그 후 입원 기간동안 매주 1회, 퇴원 후 3일째 대변을 채취하여 rotavirus 항원을 검사하였다. 입원 72시간 이후에 설사증이 있는 환아는 설사 발현 즉시 신선한 대변을 채취하여 rotavirus 항원 검사를 실시하였다. 결 과 : Rotavirus 원내 감염군은 30명이었고, 비감염군은 246명이었다. 연령별로는 12개월 이하에서 15.8%이었으며, 13개월 이상에서 5.8%로 12개월 이하에서 발생이 많았으며 통계학적 차이가 있었다(P=0.008). 계절별로는 12월부터 3월 사이에 입원한 환아에서 16.5%이었으며, 4월과 11월 사이에 입원한 환아에서 8.4%로 통계학적 차이가 있었다(P=0.046). 평균입원기간은 rotavirus 원내 감염군에서 $10.2{\pm}5.6$일이었으며 비감염군에서 $8.0{\pm}3.4$일로 통계학적 차이가 있었다(P=0.003). 그러나 본 연구에서 rotavirus 원내 감염은 입원 병실, 모유 수유나 정장제 사용여부와는 관련이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 결 론 : 이상의 결과로 rotavirus 원내 감염은 12개월 이하의 환아에서, 12월부터 3월 사이에 많이 발생하고 입원기간이 길수록 많이 발생하며, 불현성 감염과 퇴원 후 증상이 나타나는 경우도 많이 있어, 이들 환아에서 적절한 관리를 통해 예방에 더욱 힘써야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.85.1-85.11
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• 2022

Background: Neonatal calf diarrhea is a major problem in the cattle industry worldwide. Rotavirus and Cryptosporidium parvum are the primary causative agents, especially during the first three weeks of the calf's life. Objectives: This study investigated the differences in acid-base, electrolytes, and biochemical parameters of diarrheic calves with infection of either rotavirus or C. parvum. Methods: A total of 61 Korean native calves (≤ 20 days old) were divided into two groups based on rotavirus or C. parvum infections: rotavirus infection (n = 44) and C. parvum infection (n = 17). The calves with at a specific blood pH range (pH 6.92-7.25) were chosen for comparison. The acid-base, electrolyte, chemistry, and serum proteins were analyzed, Further, fecal examinations were performed. Results: Compared to C. parvum-infected calves, the rotavirus-infected calves showed lower levels of total carbon dioxide, bicarbonate (HCO₃^-), anion gap, total protein, and albumin/globulin ratio, and significantly lower levels of potassium, globulin, and α2-globulin (p < 0.05). The C. parvum-infected calves (r = 0.749) had stronger correlations between pH and HCO₃^- than the rotavirus-infected calves (r = 0.598). Compared to rotavirus-infected calves, strong correlations between globulin and α2-globulin, α2-globulin and haptoglobin were identified in C. parvum-infected calves. Conclusions: This study is the first to investigate acid-base, electrolyte, and biochemical parameters in calves in response to infections of rotavirus and C. parvum. Although rotavirus and C. parvum cause malabsorptive and secretory diarrhea in similar-aged calves, blood parameters were different. This would help establish the diagnostic and treatment strategies.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.125-131
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• 2011

The present study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of porcine group A rotavirus, group C rotavirus and calicivirus from the 46 pig farms located in Incheon area. Group A rotavirus was detected in 16 (5.3%) from 8 farms (17.4%), and group C rotavirus was determined in 17 samples (5.7%) from 6 farms (13.0%). Porcine calicivirus was also detected in fecal samples [11 samples (3.7%) from 2 farms (4.3%)]. Correlation analysis was carried out among porcine enteric viruses and clinical signs, herd size and temperature on the basis of these results. The occurrence of porcine group A rotavirus, group C rotavirus and calicivirus infections in Incheon area was not associated with season and temperature. Especially, group C rotavirus was also detected in the pigs without any clinical symptoms.

• 한국미생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물학회 2003년도 International Meeting of the Microbiological Society of Korea
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• pp.80-81
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• 2003

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.120-125
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• 2016

Purpose: Viral gastroenteritis among children is mainly caused by rotavirus, norovirus, astrovirus, or adenovirus strains. However, changing socioeconomic conditions and a rotavirus vaccination program may be affecting the prevalence of these viral infections. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the season-specific trends in viral infections for facilitating prophylaxis and surveillance in our region. Methods: We evaluated 345 pediatric patients (203 males, 142 females; age, 1 month to 16 years) who visited the CHA Bundang Medical Center because of gastroenteric symptoms between June 2014 and May 2015. The specimens were simultaneously tested for norovirus, rotavirus, astrovirus, and adenovirus via multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Clinical characteristics of patients were analyzed retrospectively. Results: The most common virus was norovirus, followed by rotavirus, adenovirus, and astrovirus. Of all viral infections, 45.2% occurred mainly between 6 and 24 months of age; in particular, norovirus infection mostly occurred in all age groups except those below 6 months of age, when rotavirus was most prevalent. In addition, seasonal variation was observed, such as norovirus infection from December to February, rotavirus infection from February to April, and adenovirus infection from July to October. Conclusion: Our results showed that the most common cause of acute pediatric viral gastroenteritis had changed from rotavirus to norovirus in our patients, because of effective rotaviral vaccination. We recommend the management of food and personal hygiene in accordance with age or seasons as well as active vaccination for preventing viral gastroenteritis.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.320-325
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• 2012

Rotavirus and hepatitis A virus (HAV) spread by the fecal-oral route and infections are important in public health, especially in developing countries. Here, two antigenic epitopes of the HAV polyprotein, domain 2 (D2) and domain 3 (D3), were recombined with rotavirus VP7, generating D2/VP7 and D3/VP7, cloned in a baculovirus expression system, and expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda 9 (Sf9) insect cells. All were highly expressed, with peak expression 2 days post-infection. Western blotting and ELISA revealed that two chimeric proteins were antigenic, but only D2/VP7 was immunogenic and elicited neutralizing antibody responses against rotavirus and HAV by neutralization assay, implicating D2/VP7 as a multivalent subunit-vaccine Candidate for preventing both rotavirus and HAV infections.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.134-145
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• 2010

목 적: 로타바이러스 감염역학의 변화를 연구하기 위해 A군 로타바이러스의 VP6 유전자를 대장균에 발현시켜 확보한 rVP6 단백질이 항원성이 있는지를 확인하고 이것을 항원으로 한 효소면역측정법이 로타바이러스 IgG, IgA와 IgM 항체를 정량적으로 평가할 수 있는지 확인하고자 하였다. 방 법: 경상대학교병원에서 로타바이러스 감염을 진단받은 소아들 중 진단 받기 전, 진단 당시, 회복기 이후의 연속적인 혈청을 확보할 수 있었던 22명에게서 100개의 혈청을 경상대학교병원 인체자원은행으로부터 제공받아 로타바이러스 VP6 유전자를 클로닝 하여 대장균에 발현시켜 제조한 rVP6 항원으로 한 효소면역측정법으로 IgG, IgA와 IgM 항체 역가를 측정하였다. 이 중 건강한 신생아 4명에서는 면역 블로팅을 같이 시행하였다. 결 과: 건강한 신생아와 영유아 17명에서 감염 후 확보된 혈청에서 IgG, IgA, IgM 항체 중 최소한 한 종류의 항체 역가 증가가 동반되어 있었다. 면역이 저하된 소아 5명 중 4명에서는 IgG 항체 역가는 증가되었으나 IgA 항체 역가는 2명에서만 증가하였고, IgM 항체 역가는 5명 모두 증가하지 않았다. 신생아 4명에서 시행된 면역 블로팅 검사에서는 IgM 항체인 경우는 효소면역측정법보다 예민하게 진단 초기부터 4명 모두 양성으로 판정되었다. 결 론: A군 로타바이러스의 VP6 유전자를 대장균에 발현시켜 확보한 rVP6 단백질은 항원성이 있으며 이것을 항원으로 한 효소면역측정법은 로타바이러스 감염후 IgG, IgA, IgM 항체 역가 증가를 정량적으로 평가할 수 있어 지역사회에서 발생한 로타바이러스 감염역학의 변화를 연구하는데 유용할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.300-307
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• 2006

In the present study, methods of the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) were evaluated for the rapid detection and differentiation of transmissible gastroenteritis virus(TGEV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV) and rotavirus in piglets suffering from diarrhea. For the purposes, the PCR conditions were first confirmed for the amplification of VP7 gene of rotavirus and N gene of TGEV and PEDV using each specific primers and their annealing temperature. Multiplex RT-PCR methods were further determined to distinguish these viral infections and the results are as follows. For the specific amplification of these viral genes, the reliable PCR condition was determined as 30 cycles of reaction consisting each 1 min of denature at $94^{\circ}C$, annealing at $42^{\circ}C$ and polymerization at $72^{\circ}C$ with 1.0 mM $MgCl_2$. It was able to differentiate these viral infections in the intestines and feces of piglets suffering from diarrhea by duplex PCR for TGEV and PEDV and single PCR for rotavirus with a primer-annealing temperature of $42^{\circ}C$. When the multiplex RT-PCR were undertaken for the field samples, 17 cases of PEDV and 5 cases of rotavirus infections were differential diagnosed in a total of 92 samples of intestines and feces of the piglets with diarrhea.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제64권6호
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• pp.260-268
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• 2021

Since the 2000s, the major causes of acute gastroenteritis in children in Korea have been identified by classifying the pathogens into viruses, bacteria, and protozoa. For viruses, the detection rate is 20%-30%, and norovirus is being increasingly detected to account for the majority of viral gastroenteritis cases. In addition, despite the dissemination of the rotavirus vaccine, many rotavirus infections persist, and its seasonal distribution is changing. The detection rate of bacterial pathogens is 3%-20%, with Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. infections being the most common, while the incidences of Bacillus cereus and Campylobacter spp. infections are gradually increasing. Owing to intermittent outbreaks of gastroenteritis caused by individual bacteria as well as the inflow of causative bacteria, such as E. coli, Vibrio spp., and Campylobacter spp., from overseas, continuous surveillance of and research into the characteristics and serotypes of each bacterium are needed.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.513-521
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• 2017

Infectious diarrhea is endemic in most developing countries. We aimed to investigate the protozoan, viral, and bacterial causes of acute diarrhea in Taif, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional prospective 1-year study was conducted on 163 diarrheal patients of various ages. Stool samples were collected, 1 per patient, and tested for 3 protozoa, 3 viruses, and 9 bacteria with the Luminex Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel. Overall, 53.4% (87/163) of samples were positives (20.8% protozoa, 19.6% viruses, 2.8% bacteria, and 9.8% mixed). Rotavirus (19.6%), Giardia duodenalis (16.5%), and Cryptosporidium spp. (8.5%) were the mostly detected pathogens. Adenovirus 40/41 (4.2%), Salmonella (3%), Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (3%), and Entamoeba histolytica (2.4%) were also detected. Norovirus GI/II, Vibrio cholerae, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Clostridium difficile toxin A/B were not detected in any patients. All pathogens were involved in coinfections except E. histolytica. Giardia (5.5%) and rotavirus (3%) were the most commonly detected in co-infections. Enterotoxigenic E. coli (2.4%), Campylobacter spp. (2.4%), E. coli 0157 (1.8%), and Shigella spp. (1.2%) were detected in patients only as co-infections. Infections were more in children 0-4 years, less in adults <40 years, and least >40 years, with statistically significant differences in risk across age groups observed with rotavirus (P<0.001), Giardia (P=0.006), and Cryptosporidium (P=0.036) infections. Lastly, infections were not significantly more in the spring. This report demonstrates the high burden of various enteropathogens in the setting. Further studies are needed to define the impact of these findings on the clinical course of the disease.