• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.56 no.11
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• pp.465-473
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• 2013

The epidemiology of human group A rotavirus was analyzed by examining genotypic data acquired from 1989 to 2009 in South Korea. This information was derived from all the available published articles on rotavirus studies in South Korea, retrieved from both the PubMed and KoreaMed databases. Four common G types (G1, G2, G3, and G4) and three common P types (P[8], P[4], and P[6]) accounted for approximately 93% and 99% of the rotavirus reports, respectively. The G9 type was frequently detected after 2000, and because of this prevalence, it is considered to be the fifth most important G type rotavirus after the G1-G4 genotypes. Less common G types of the virus such as G12, G11, and G10 were detected in some geographic settings, and it is important to consider the context of these subtypes and their epidemiological significance. The P[9] virus genotype was observed in the study and has been discussed in many other studies; however, the P[3], P[10] and P[25] genotypes were rarely detected in the epidemiological research. In general, the distributions of the G and P genotypes showed temporal and geographical fluctuations, and a nationwide rotavirus vaccine program that targeted these genotypes demonstrated effectiveness in protecting against the circulating rotavirus strains. However, further analysis is needed to determine the true long-term effectiveness of these vaccines; the analysis should also consider the unexpected effects of vaccinations, such as vaccineinduced diseases, herd immunity, and changes in host susceptibilities.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2013

An avian rotavirus (AvRV-2) was isolated from feces of broilers suffering from acute gastroenteritis in 2011. It was the first avian rotavirus isolated in Korea. To investigate the molecular characteristics of AvRV-2, the VP4, VP6, VP7 and NSP4 gene nucleotide sequences were determined and compared with those of rotavirus strains available in the GenBank database. The phylogenetic tree of VP7 gene showed that AvRV-2 had a high degree of nucleotide sequence homology (93.4% to 94.7%) with those of rotaviruses belonging to genotype G19 cluster. The phylogenetic tree of the VP4 gene revealed a high degree of nucleotide sequence homology (95.8% to 95.9%) with genotype P[30] rotaviruses isolated from chickens. The VP6 and NSP4 gene nucleotide sequences showed the highest identities with those of avian strains with 95.3% to 96.4% and 90.3% to 92.2%, respectively. Genetic characterization of the VP4, VP6, VP7 and NSP4 showed that AvRV-2 strain was most closely related to chicken rotavirus strains from Germany and Japan. Comparative nucleotide sequences and phylogenetic analysis indicated that avian rotavirus isolated from broilers belonged to genotype G19P[30] and it was the first report on avian rotavirus infection in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.34-46
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the sociodemographic characteristics and health belief related to rotavirus vaccination behavior among mothers of infants. Methods: Data collection was performed through an on-line survey between 13 and 16 October, 2016, and the subjects targeted were 240 mothers with infants between the ages of 8 months and 12 months. The collected data were analyzed using $X^2$ test, Fisher's Exact test, ANOVA, and Logistic Regression with SPSS 23.0 program. Results: The complete rotavirus vaccination rate was 76.7%, the incomplete vaccination rate was 9.2%, and the non-vaccination rate was 14.2%. Factors associated with complete rotavirus vaccination were the mother's age (OR=3.306, 95% CI=1.087 to 10.054), the perceived benefits (OR=6.500, 95% CI=2.163 to 19.528) and the self-efficacy (OR=11.568, 95% CI=2.921 to 45.818), and approximately 40.8% of explanation power was observed. Conclusion: To increase the rotavirus vaccination rate, counseling and education by nurses should be performed to increase the self-efficacy and public awareness of the benefits of rotavirus vaccination for mothers with infants.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 1999

Presently, viral isolation in the diarrheal feces can be reached by many tools such as fluorescent antibody test(FA), negative contrast electron microscopy(NCEM), virus neutralization test, cell culture, and so on. The purpose of the study was to aimed at the establishment of simplified NCEM technique which can be efficiently applied for diarrheal feces and also the understanding on prevalence of viral-induced diarrhea in calves. One hundred fourty-seven korean indigenous calves with diarrhea were examined to their feces by the modified NCEM. Among them, 98(66.7%) were confirmed to have one or more viruses in feces. The viruses detected were identified as rotavirus(33.3%), coronavirus(16.3% ), togavirus(10.2%) and herpesvirus(0.7%). Ten cases of combined viral infection were consisted of 8 with rotavirus+coronavirus, one with rotavirus+togavlrus and one with rotavirus+herpesvirus. Dirrheal types could classified by yello-wish watery(44.9a ), blood-tinged(19.7% ), white watery(17.7% ) , brownish watery(14.3%), greenish watery(3.4%) diarrhea, respectively. Yellowish watery diarrhea(66cases) was frequently included rotavirus(31.8%), coronavirus(15.2%), and togavirus(13.6%), respectively. Consequently, these results suggest that the modified NCEM is reliable and efficient diagnostic tool for detection of viruses in the diarrheal feces and many calves rearing in Chonnam province have been exposed to some enteric viral agents mainly including rotavirus and coronavirus.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.83-90
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• 2012

Porcine rotaviruses are the most common causes of viral gastroenteritis in piglets around the world. The major G genotypes of porcine rotaviruses causing diarrhea were G4, G5 and G11 genotypes. Recently, G9 genotype rotaviruses were problemed at swine farms and frequently recognized from diarrheic piglets. In this study, a porcine rotavirus (PoRV-1) was isolated from piglet showing diarrhea using MA104 cells and confirmed as rotavirus by electron microscopy, genomic RNA electropherotyping and indirect immunofluorescence antibody tests. The nucleotide sequence of the VP7 gene of PoRV-1 was determined and compared with those of other genotype rotavirus strains from other parts of the world. Also, the nucleotide sequences of VP4, VP6 and NSP4 genes of PoRV-1 were determined and compared with those of other rotavirus strains from other countries. The results showed that the PoRV-1 isolate belonged to the G9 genotype and the P, I and E genotypes of PoRV-1 were P[23], I5 and E1, respectively. The Korean G9 PoRV-1 isolate and its nucleotide sequence data would be usefully used for the development of porcine rotavirus vaccines in near future.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.113-116
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• 2005

Purpose: There were a few reports for epidemiologic changes of rotavirus gastroenteritis during recent several years in Korea. We tried to know what is characteristics for the prevalence of rotavirus gastroenteritis in Jeju different from epidemiology of the other domestic area. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of 211 patients with rotavirus gastroenteritis admitted to the pediatric ward at Cheju National University hospital, from December 2001 to June 2005. We defined as rotavirus infection that was positive on immunochromatography method applied to stool samples. Results: Two hundred eleven patients with rotavirus gastroenteritis consisted of 13 patients in December 2001, 32 in 2002, 79 in 2003, 48 patients in 2004 and 39 in 2005 (until June). The monthly distributions, during 3 years from 2002 to 2004, were 40 patients (25.2%) in Jaunary, 56 (35.2%) in February, 31 (19.5%) in March and 23 (14.5%) in April. From May to December, there were only 9 patients (5.6%). Therefore, the prevalences of rotavirus gastroenteritis were concentrated on the 4 months (94.4%) including January, February, March and April. Also, the changes of the monthly distributions from January 2002 to June 2005 were not present. Conclusion: In recent years, the monthly distributions of rotavirus gastroenteritis in Jeju area were centered on the 4 months from January to April without prominent seasonal variation.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.30-38
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• 1996

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to detect rotavirus antigen in fecal samples using VP6-specific monoclonal antibody(2B12). The ELISA for rotavirus antigen detection found to have specificity to all bovine and porcine rotaviruses tested but not to bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine coronavirus. The ELISA appeared to have similar sensitivity and specificity compared to fluorescence antibody assay(FA) and electropherotyping (PAGE).

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

The rotavirus-induced diarrhea of human and animal neonates is a major public health concern worldwide. Until recently, no effective therapy is available to specifically inactivate the rotavirion particles within the gut. Passive immunotherapy by oral administration of chicken egg yolk antibody (IgY) has emerged of late as a fresh alternative strategy to control infectious diseases of the alimentary tract and has been applied in the treatment of diarrhea due to rotavirus infection. The purpose of this concise review is to evaluate evidence on the properties and performance of anti-rotavirus immunoglobulin Y (IgY) for prevention and treatment of rotavirus diarrhea in human and animal neonates. A survey of relevant anti-rotavirus IgY basic studies and clinical trials among neonatal animals (since 1994-2015) and humans (since 1982-2015) have been reviewed and briefly summarized. Our analysis of a number of rotavirus investigations involving animal and human clinical trials revealed that anti-rotavirus IgY significantly reduced the severity of clinical manifestation of diarrhea among IgY-treated subjects relative to a corresponding control or placebo group. The accumulated information as a whole depicts oral IgY to be a safe and efficacious option for treatment of rotavirus diarrhea in neonates. There is however a clear need for more randomized, placebo controlled and double-blind trials with bigger sample size to further solidify and confirm claims of efficacy and safety in controlling diarrhea caused by rotavirus infection especially among human infants with health issues such as low birth weights or compromised immunity in whom it is most needed.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.80-84
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• 2015

Background: Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe gastroenteritis in children <5 years of age. The first vaccine, RotaShield was developed, but withdrawn because of its association with increased risk of intussusception. Then, RotaTeq and Rotarix were developed. Although in pre-licensure studies, they were not associated with an increased risk of intussusceptions, in recent studies, it has been controversial. Regarding increased risk of intussusception, we studied the difference in the age of intussusception after rotavirus vaccination. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 136 patients diagnosed with intussusception at Yeungnam University Medical Center for 4 years in the pre-vaccination period (group A) and in the post vaccination period (group B). Sex, mean age and age distribution of intussusceptions were compared according to the type of rotavirus vaccine (group B-1, RotaTeq; group B-2, Rotarix). Results: The median ages of group A and group B were $18.8{\pm}19.6months$ and $15.5{\pm}10.2months$, with no significant differences (p=0.23). The median ages of group B-1 and group B-2 were $15.3{\pm}9.3months$ and $15.6{\pm}10.8months$, with no significant differences (p=0.91). And No significant difference in the distribution of onset age was observed between groups, and only 6 patients were diagnosed with intussusceptions within 1 month after vaccination. Conclusion: No difference was observed in the distribution of onset age of intussusception after rotavirus vaccination and according to the type of rotavirus vaccine. Our study has a limitation in that it was conducted in part of the Daegu area. Additional study is needed.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.89-97
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• 1988

Twenty-eight porcine rotavirus were isolated from piglets with diarrhoea in chonnam province. According to the age, 41 to 60 day old pigs showed the highest isolation frequency among the post weaning pigs. The characteristics of the field isolates were determined by electronmicroscopy(EM), immunofluorescent assay(FA), and electrophoretic migration patterns of the genome profiles. Some of the isolates showed remarkable haemagglutination activity against rabbit and dog erythrocytes, ranged from 4 to 2848, respectively. At least 3 serotypes of porcine rotavirus were recognized by serum neutralization test using serotype specific rotavirus hyperimmune sera.