• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.64-67
• /
• 2018

Varying degrees of complications can occur after hyaluronic acid filler injections. Tissue necrosis due to interruption of the vascular supply is an early complication that can be severe. If the site of tissue necrosis due to the filler injection is the forehead, successfully reconstructing the region without distorting the key landmarks is challenging. We describe the case of a 50-year-old man who experienced widespread forehead skin necrosis after hyaluronic acid filler injection in the glabellar area. We successfully covered the forehead area with a $3{\times}4-cm^2$ midline necrotic tissue using the modified double-opposing rotation-advancement flap method. Although modified double-opposing rotation-advancement flap closure has the disadvantage of leaving a longer scar compared to conventional double-opposing rotation-advancement flap closure, the additional incision line made along the superior border of the eyebrow aids in camouflaging the scar and decreases eyebrow distortion. Therefore, it is believed that the modified double-opposing rotation-advancement flap technique is an excellent tool for providing adequate soft tissue coverage and minimal free margin distortion when reconstructing widespread skin necrosis in the central mid-lower forehead that can occur after filler injection in the glabellar area.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제49권1호
• /
• pp.39-42
• /
• 2022

Bilateral pectoralis major myocutaneous (PMMC) flaps are commonly used to reconstruct large chest wall defects. We report a case of large chest wall defect reconstruction using bilateral PMMC flaps augmented with axillary V-Y advancement rotation flaps for additional flap advancement. A 74-year-old male patient was operated on for recurrent glottic squamous cell carcinoma. Excision of the tumor resulted in a 10×10 cm defect in the anterior chest wall. Bilateral PMMC flaps were raised to cover the chest wall defect. For further flap advancement, V-Y rotation advancement flaps from both axillae were added to allow complete closure. All flaps survived completely, and postoperative shoulder abduction was not limited (100° on the right side and 92° on the left). Age-related skin redundancy in the axillae enabled the use of V-Y rotation advancement flaps without limitation of shoulder motion. Bilateral PMMC advancement flaps and the additional use of V-Y rotation advancement flaps from both axillae may be a useful reconstructive option for very large chest wall defects in older patients.

• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.49-63
• /
• 2002

In order to supply 85% of total organic feed in ruminants and 80% in non-ruminants for organic animal production, nitrogen fixation ability of legume should be used in domestic roughages production. 50% of Europe organic farmer use intercropping legume in as green manure. This article is dealing with amount of biologically fixed nitrogen used by legumes and methods for estimating the transfer of biologically fixed N in rotation and separating the N benefit into fixed N and non-fixed N components are reviewed. Available data indicate that transfer amount of N to non legumes was from 50∼9.6(kg/ha) in legume-cereal rotations and proportion of legume N varied with seasons, 90% in summer, 50% in autumn. The important point in cropping system for legumes have to be included for organic forage production 6 year rotation is based on pasture system of 3 year pasture + 2 year annual(com, sudangrass), again pasture. Rye, barly and Italian ryegrass+legumes(vetch, crimson and pea) can be one of option in spring, com, soybean, sudangrass and Japanese bamyard millet would be seeded after spring harvest in the field. Farmer can make good use of rice paddy field as forge production potential area after harvesting rice. Italian, burly and rye+vetch and crimsonclover may be grown in autumn or spring time at the rice field.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제50권1호
• /
• pp.32-38
• /
• 2005

A long-term study initiated in 1989 at San-born Field, Columbia, Missouri, was designed to evaluate the affect of environmental factors, nitrogen application, and crop rotation on soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) seed composition. Soybeans were grown as part of a four- year rotation which included corn (Zea maize L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Results from soil tests made prior to initiation of the study and subsequently every five years, were used to calculate application rates of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium necessary for target yield of pursuant crops. In the experimental design, nitrogen was applied to one-half of the plot on which the non-leguminous crop, either corn or wheat was grown. Analysis of soybean seed by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy collected over an 11-year period revealed a linear increase in protein and decrease in oil content. Application of nitrogen fertilizer to non-leguminous crops did not have an apparent effect on total protein or oil content of subsequent soybean crop. Analysis of soybean seed proteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in conjunction with computer­assisted densitometry revealed subtle changes in the accumulation of seed proteins. Immunoblot analysis using antibodies raised against the $\beta-subunit$ of $\beta-conglycinin$ showed a gradual increase in the accumulation of the 7S components during successive years of the experiment. A linear increase in temperature and decrease in rainfall was observed from the onset of data· collection. Higher temperatures during the growing season have been linked to increased protein and diminished oil content of soybean, thus changes observed in this study are possibly related to climatic conditions. However, crop rotation and subsequent changes in soil ecology may contribute to these observed changes in the seed composition.

• Human Ecology Research
• /
• 제55권2호
• /
• pp.125-140
• /
• 2017

This study composed spatial cognition tasks within the system of geometric area to study children's spatial cognition development systematically. It surveyed children's execution of direction, rotation, symmetry, conjugation, and part/whole cognition tasks. A spatial geometry cognition task set (consisting of total 27 sub-tasks) was presented to 60 children (20 each in groups of 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old) in order to confirm how children's execution of spatial geometry cognition changed depending on children's age and sex as well as if the execution of the spatial geometry cognition showed a difference after each task area. As a result, the execution of the whole direction task and the part/whole task gradually increased between age 3 and age 5. The execution of the whole rotation task, whole symmetry task, and whole conjugation task rapidly increased between age 3 and age 4. Significant sexual difference did not appear in the execution of spatial geometry cognition tasks. The execution of the conjugation and part/whole task was high in each task area, and the execution of the direction, rotation, and symmetry task was relatively low. In addition, the difference of task execution appeared in the sub-tasks of direction, symmetry, and conjugation areas. This result suggests the theoretical discussion possibility of children's spatial geometry cognition development. In addition, the empirical results of this study can be applied to child education plans and activity compositions appropriate for child development.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.141-147
• /
• 2018

In a time when product development cycles are getting shorter and shorter, many companies are making efforts to develop products with high reliability in a short period of time, accelerated life test is widely used as a method to quickly evaluate reliability. Accelerated life test reduces the test life or the life of the product from the observed data by shortening the lifetime of the product or abruptly lowering the performance under the worse condition than the actual condition in order to shorten the test cost or the test time. In this paper, BL3640A-06P+RB35, DC12V model, which is used in the support device of an automatic rotation type digital signage, which display various information such as textures and images on a display screen in a public place or a commercial space, BLDC motors were subjected to a constant stress test and at the rotational speed of 1rpm, $180^{\circ}$ rotation and reverse rotation under actual use conditions, the stress was imposed on the rotating speed of 2rpm and the weight of the actual installed product from 22.2kgf to 10kgf were installed. The lifetime of the actual use environment condition is 23,545 hours and the rotation speed is accelerated. The life time of the acceleration condition with the additional weight is 1,380 hours. The acceleration factor is calculated as 17.06, the one year guarantee test day is 235 days to 14 days, of the period from 470 days to 28 days, and the third year from 704 days to 42 days. The test date of the BLDC motor was tested on the shortened test date, and the rotational speed and the current value were measured. It is found that there is no defect even if it operates as the test date corresponding to the specified one year warranty period and the 3 year accelerated life test which is experimented. Using the statistical technique of the regression analysis the expected time for the motor to defect to #4 samples was 20 years.

• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.17-23
• /
• 2014

시설재배 참외 주산지에서는 농가별로 가용 경지면적이 제한되어 있어 동일 포장을 이용한 장기간 연작이 불가피하므로 토양의 염류집적 문제와 함께 선충 피해가 매우 심각하다. 참외 휴경기에 하우스의 비닐을 제거하고 김장배추를 재배하는 이모작 체계는 다음 작기 참외 재배 시 토양 선충 밀도를 줄이는데 아무런 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 일반 참외 연작 하우스와 비교하여 참외-미나리 이모작 하우스에서는 다음 작기 참외 재배기간 동안 6월까지는 토양의 선충 밀도가 상대적으로 낮았는데, 이는 토양을 3개월 정도의 담수 상태로 유지함으로써 얻을 수 있는 효과로 판단된다. 참외-미나리 이모작 하우스에서 다음 작기 참외 정식 전에 살선충제를 처리한 경우에는 참외 재배 후반기까지 선충 밀도가 피해유발수준 이하로 유지되었다. 농가에서 휴경기에 배추와 미나리를 윤작물로 재배하는데, 이러한 단기윤작은 참외 연작 비닐하우스 토양의 선충을 효과적으로 방제하는 방법이 되지 못한다. 따라서 객토, 토양소독, 윤작물 재배 등의 친환경적인 선충방제 수단을 적극적으로 활용하고 그 효과를 극대화할 수 있는 방안들이 강구되어야 할 것이며, 필요에 따라서 적절한 살선충 약제를 사용함으로써 작물생산에 미치는 선충의 피해를 최소화시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.216-224
• /
• 1998

윤작이 참깨의 생육과 토양의 이화학성에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여 1995년부터 3년간 옥수수, 콩, 보리, 호밀등을 도입하여 참깨 연 윤작 시험을 실시 하였다. 연 윤작에 따른 토양의 이화학성 변화를 보면 토양내 유기물 함량과 치환성 양이온 함량은 참깨 연작구에 비하여 윤작구에서 높았다. 토양내 유효인산 함량은 호밀 보리+참깨 윤작구에서 높았으며, pH는 처리간에 유의성 있는 차이를 볼 수 없었다. 토양 가밀도는 참깨 연작구에서 가장 높고, 호밀 보리+참깨 윤작구에서 가장 낮게 나타났으며, 옥수수-참깨와 콩-참깨 윤작구에서는 중간 정도였다. 토양의 공극률은 가밀도와는 반대의 경향을 나타내었다. 토양내 Biomass-C, N 함량은 맥류+참깨 윤작구에서 그 양이 가장 많았으며, 옥수수-참깨와 콩-참깨 윤작구에서도 그 양이 참깨 연작구보다 많았다. 참깨 병해발생은 연작장해의 가장 큰 요인이나 본 시험에서는 윤작에 의해 병발생이 감소하지는 않았다. 참깨 생육은 옥수수-참깨와 콩-참깨 윤작구에서 가장 높고, 호밀 보리+참깨 윤작구가 그 다음 이었으며 참깨 연작구의 생육이 가장 낮았다. 참깨 종실수량은 윤작구에서 월등히 많아 참깨 연작구에 비하면 '96년도에는 각각 옥수수-참깨 윤작구는 68%, 호밀+참깨 윤작구는 63%, 콩-참깨 윤작구는 57%, 보리+참깨 윤작구는 55% 증수되었고, '97년도에는 증수율이 '96년에 비해서는 감소했지만 그래도 각각 24, 28, 20, 19% 증수한 결과를 나타내었다. 2년간의 성적을 평균해 보면 이들 윤작구의 수량은 41, 41, 34, 33% 정도 참깨 연작구에 비해서 증가하여 윤작에 의한 증수효과가 인정되었다.

• 식물병연구
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.242-247
• /
• 2009

고랭지의 배추 뿌리혹병 방제에 적합한 윤작작물을 선발하고자 2000년 감자, 옥수수, 콩, 양파, 곰취 등을 뿌리 혹병 이병포장에 재배하면서 뿌리혹병 발생에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 윤작작물들간의 경제성 비교에서는 감자와 양파 재배가 배추 연작에 비해 각각 약 16.9와 14.9배 더 높은 소득을 나타내었다. 윤작작물 재배 후의 토양 내 휴면포자 밀도는 모든 작물에서 $0.3{\sim}1.2{\times}10^3/g$ 토양이었고 배추 연작재배에서는 $89.3{\times}10^3/g$ 토양이었다. 2001년 동일 포장에 배추를 재배한 결과 뿌리혹병 발병도는 배추 연작재배의 77.8%에 비해 양파, 콩, 감자, 옥수수, 곰취 재배에서 각각 4.9, 20.2, 24.4, 25.1, 27.8%로 낮게 나타났다. 윤작작물의 재배기간에 따른 뿌리혹병 방제 효과를 양파, 감자, 콩 등의 작물로 2002년부터 2005년까지 시험하였다. 윤작작물 재배 후의 휴면포자 밀도는 모든 작물에서 2년째 재배까지 감소하였고 3년째 재배에서는 낮은 밀도가 유지되는 반면 배추 연작재배에서는 3년 동안 2.6에서 23.6배까지 증가하였다. 3년간의 윤작작물 재배를 통한 배추의 뿌리혹병 발병도는 감자 재배가 92%에서 4.4%, 콩 재배가 72%에서 10.4%, 양파 재배가72%에서 12.2%를 보이며 크게 감소한 반면 배추 연작재배에서는 100%를 유지하였다. 배추의 수량은 윤작기간이 길어질수록 증가되었으나 연작재배에서는 감소하였으며 3년째에는 연작재배의 배추 포기당 무게 95 g에 비해 감자, 콩, 양파 재배에서는 각각 2,205, 2,493, 2,476 g의 상품성 있는 배추가 생산되었다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.181-186
• /
• 2006

Myocutaneous flaps have improved the management of soft tissue defects on buttocks and lower extremity. However, there are several inherent disadvantages of muscle flaps such as functional deficits of the donor sites and the bulkiness at the recipient site. To overcome these disadvantages, we have used perforator-based fasciocutaneous rotation flaps for reconstruction of the buttock and lower extremity defects. From March 2003 to February 2005, we have treated 14 patients using perforator-based fasciocutaneous rotation flaps. 10 flaps were based on perforators of the gluteus maximus muscle, and 4 flaps were nourished by perforators from the tibialis anterior and posterior system. The mean postoperative follow-up period was about 1 year. The technique involves localization of the flap perforators preoperatively with a Doppler. The flaps were elevated superficial to the fascia with preservation of one to three perforators. The donor site is then closed primarily. All flaps completely survived and there was no perioperative complications. There was no functional disability of the donor area with esthetically pleasing results. Perforator-based fasciocutaneous rotation flaps for the reconstruction of buttock and lower extremity defects are excellent alternatives to musculocutaeous flaps. The vascularity of the flaps is robust and dissection is technically easy. Perforator flaps do not require sacrificing muscles, but provide sufficient volume and are durable Furthermore, these flaps result in less scar formation and allow more liberal dissection with safety. We conclude that perforator-based fasciocutaneous rotation flaps are very useful for reconstruction of the buttock and lower extremity.