• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.831-850
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• 2021

Surface subsidence caused by mining subsidence has an impact on neighboring structures and utilities. In other words, subsurface voids created by mining or tunneling activities induce soil movement, exposing buildings to physical and/or functional destruction. Soil-structure is evaluated employing probability distribution laws to account for their uncertainty and complexity to estimate structural vulnerability. In this study, to investigate the displacement field and surface settlement profile caused by mining subsidence, on the basis of a Winklersoil model, analytical equations for the moment-rotation response ofsoil during mining induced ground movements are developed. To define the full static moment-rotation response, an equation for the uplift-yield state is constructed and integrated with equations for the uplift- and yield-only conditions. The constructed model's findings reveal that the inverse of the factor of safety (x) has a considerable influence on the moment-rotation curve. The maximal moment-rotation response of the footing is defined by X = 0:6. Despite the use of Winkler model, the computed moment-rotation response results derived from the literature were analyzed through the ELM-SVM hybrid of Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Also, Monte Carlo simulations are used to apply continuous random parameters to assess the transmission of ground motions to structures. Following the findings of RMSE and R2, the results show that the choice of probabilistic laws of input parameters has a substantial impact on the outcome of analysis performed.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.391-400
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• 2020

Objective: Increased gingival elasticity has been implicated as the cause of relapse following orthodontic rotational tooth movement and approaches to reduce relapse are limited. This study aimed to investigate the effects of sulforaphane (SFN), an inhibitor of osteoclastogenesis, on gene expression in gingival fibroblasts and relapse after rotational tooth movement in beagle dogs. Methods: The lower lateral incisors of five beagle dogs were rotated. SFN or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) were injected into the supra-alveolar gingiva of the experimental and control group, respectively, and the effect of SFN on relapse tendency was evaluated. Changes in mRNA expression of extracellular matrix components associated with gingival elasticity in beagles were investigated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Morphology and arrangement of collagen fibers were observed on Masson's trichrome staining of buccal gingival tissues of experimental and control teeth. Results: SFN reduced the amount and percentage of relapse of orthodontic rotation. It also decreased the gene expression of lysyl oxidase and increased the gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 1 and MMP 12, compared with DMSO control subjects. Histologically, collagen fiber bundles were arranged irregularly and were not well connected in the SFN-treated group, whereas the fibers extended in parallel and perpendicular directions toward the gingiva and alveolar bone in a more regular and well-ordered arrangement in the DMSO-treated group. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated that SFN treatment may be a promising pharmacologic approach to prevent orthodontic rotational relapse caused by increased gingival elasticity of rotated teeth in beagle dogs.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.49-63
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• 1994

Paleomagnetic study of Tertiary rocks in Pohang area has been carried out to determine the characteristic directon of natural remanent magnetization, the position of paleomagnetic pole, the stratigraphic correlation, and the tectonic movement. A total of 196 specimens was collected from 5 sites in the Pohang Basin, 19 sites in the Janggi Basin, and 10 sites in the Eoil Basin, respectively. The mean declination and inclination of 4 sites (3 sites in the Yonil Group and 1 site in the Yonil Basalt) are $-3.2^{\circ}$ and $54.3^{\circ}$, and yield the paleomagnetic pole position $86.9^{\circ}N$ and $7.7^{\circ}E$. These are the characteristic direction and pole position of Miocene Epoch by comparison with contemporary Eurasian and Chinese data. The characteristic direction and pole position of remaining 30 sites are $47.6^{\circ}$ and $57.5^{\circ}$, and $52.3^{\circ}N$ and $201.5^{\circ}E$, respectively. These show clockwise rotation of $50.8^{\circ}$ with respect to the Miocene ones resulted by a tectonic movement before the deposition of the Hakjeon Formation of the Yonil Group about 15~16 Ma in the study area. The mechanism of the clockwise rotation is considered to be the dextral movement of the Yangsan Fault presumably caused by the opening of the East Sea. The Yonil Basalt is reclassified into pre- and post-deposition of the Yonil Group, i.e. the former is early Miocene and the latter late Miocene.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relations between the segments of the body, the three dimensional anatomical angle according to sweep shot in ice hockey. The subjects of this study were five professional ice hockey players. The reflective makers were attached on anatomical boundary line of body. For the movement analysis three dimensional cinematographical method(APAS) was used and for the calculation of the kinematic variables a self developed program was used with the LabVIEW 6.1 graphical programming(Johnson, 1999) program. By using Eular's equations the three dimensional anatomical Cardan angles of the joint and ice hockey stick were defined. 1. In three dimensional linear velocity of blade the Y axis showed maximum linear velocity almost impact, the X axis(horizontal direction) and the Z axis(vertical direction) maximum linear velocity of blade did not show at impact but after impact this will resulted influence upon hitting puck. 2. The resultant linear velocity of each segment of right arm showed maximum resultant linear velocity at impact. It could be suggest that the right arm swing patterns is kind of push-like movement. therefore the upper arm is the most important role in the right arm swing. 3. The three dimensional anatomical angular displacement of trunk in flexion-extension showed flexion all around the wrist shot. The angular displacement of trunk in internal-external rotation showed internal rotation angle at the backswing top and and increased the angle after the impact. while there is no significant adduction-abduction. 4. The three dimensional anatomical angular displacement of trunk showed most important role in wrist shot. and is follwed by shoulder joints, in addition the movement of elbow/wrist joints showed least to the shot. this study result showed upperlimb of left is more important role than upperlimb of right.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to predict the optimal bending angles of a running loop for bodily protraction of the mandibular first molars and to clarify the mechanics of molar tipping and rotation. Methods: A three-dimensional finite element model was developed for predicting tooth movement, and a mechanical model based on the beam theory was constructed for clarifying force systems. Results: When a running loop without bends was used, the molar tipped mesially by $9.6^{\circ}$ and rotated counterclockwise by $5.4^{\circ}$. These angles were almost similar to those predicted by the beam theory. When the amount of tip-back and toe-in angles were $11.5^{\circ}$ and $9.9^{\circ}$, respectively, bodily movement of the molar was achieved. When the bend angles were increased to $14.2^{\circ}$ and $18.7^{\circ}$, the molar tipped distally by $4.9^{\circ}$ and rotated clockwise by $1.5^{\circ}$. Conclusions: Bodily movement of a mandibular first molar was achieved during protraction by controlling the tip-back and toe-in angles with the use of a running loop. The beam theory was effective for understanding the mechanics of molar tipping and rotation, as well as for predicting the optimal bending angles.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.304-309
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the maximum screw-in forces generated during the movement of various Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) file systems. Materials and Methods: Forty simulated canals in resin blocks were randomly divided into 4 groups for the following instruments: Mtwo size 25/0.07 (MTW, VDW GmbH), Reciproc R25 (RPR, VDW GmbH), ProTaper Universal F2 (PTU, Dentsply Maillefer), and ProTaper Next X2 (PTN, Dentsply Maillefer, n = 10). All the artificial canals were prepared to obtain a standardized lumen by using ProTaper Universal F1. Screw-in forces were measured using a custom-made experimental device (AEndoS-k, DMJ system) during instrumentation with each NiTi file system using the designated movement. The rotation speed was set at 350 rpm with an automatic 4 mm pecking motion at a speed of 1 mm/sec. The pecking depth was increased by 1 mm for each pecking motion until the file reach the working length. Forces were recorded during file movement, and the maximum force was extracted from the data. Maximum screw-in forces were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc comparison at a significance level of 95%. Results: Reciproc and ProTaper Universal files generated the highest maximum screw-in forces among all the instruments while M-two and ProTaper Next showed the lowest (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Geometrical differences rather than shaping motion and alloys may affect the screw-in force during canal instrumentation. To reduce screw-in forces, the use of NiTi files with smaller cross-sectional area for higher flexibility is recommended.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.7-16
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• 1988

현재까지 구조물의 안정을 결정하는 유일한 방법은 안전률개념이 이용되고 있으나, 최근 이 안전 율에 대한 문제점이 제기되어 구조물의 신뢰도에 대한 기준으로 파괴확률을 적용시키고자 하는 연구 가 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 한편 토류구조물은 벽체의 변위형태에 따라 토고분포가 달라짐 에도 불구하고실제문제에선통상 벽 체변위를 고려하지 않는 Coulomb이론이나 Rankine 이론을 이용하고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서 는 뒤 채움이 모래로 수평인 연직벽체가 벽체저면을 중심으로 회전하는 주동(AB)과 정 점을 중심으로 회전하는 주동(AT) 2가지 경우를 대상으로 전도에 대한 파양를 다룬다. 동일한 설계조건에 대해서 종래의 Coulomb이론과 Dubrova토력재분포리론. Chang의 방법으로 구한 정적 주동토력과 Seed and Whitmann의 지진하중을 중첩시킨 지진 주동토력을 ,각각 고려하여 최근에 발전된 AFOSM (Advanced First Order Second Moment)해법으로 신협도를 해석하여 비교 검토한다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.555-563
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• 2019

본 연구는 플라잉디스크의 포핸드와 백핸드 던지기 동작에 대한 정량적 기초자료를 제공하기 위해 수행하였으며 이를 위해 3차원 동작분석 기법을 활용하여 운동학적 변인을 산출하였다. 연구 변인을 종합하여 분석한 결과 플라잉디스크는 멀리 던지는 것뿐만 아니라 정확하게 던지는 것이 중요하므로 P2와 P3에서는 전방으로의 이동을 제어하고 관절의 회전 운동에 집중해야하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 효율적인 회전 운동을 위해 골반에서 몸통으로 회전력 전이가 중요한 것으로 판단된다. 포핸드는 상지 관절의 움직임을 주로 활용하여 던지기 동작을 수행하는 반면 백핸드 던지기는 비교적 몸통 및 골반의 회전을 주로 활용하여 던지는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 정량적 자료를 바탕으로 플라잉디스크 현장 교육을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있기를 기대한다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.159-177
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• 2002

본 연구는 철봉운동에서 기본이 되는 동작인 몸펴 한번 뒤돌아 내리기 동작을 단계적으로 분석한 후, 이를 토대로 하여 현재 시합상황 중 가장 널리 사용되는 응용동작인 몸펴 두 번 뒤돌아 내리기 동작과 몸펴 두 번 뒤돌며 한번 비틀어 내리기 동작의 운동학적 분석을 수행하여 개개분절 간의 상호작용을 해부학적 3차원 각운동과 각속도로 설명하고 이해할 수 있는 운동학적 자료를 제시하는데 있다. 피험자들은 현재 K대학교에 재학중이며 대학 대표선수인 남자 기계체조 선수 7명을 선정하였으며, 연구에 사용된 인체의 모델은 Zatsiorsky와 Seluyanov(1983, 1985)이 사용한 16개의 분절로 이루어진 인체의 모델을 사용하였다. 신체무게중심이 이동방향을 설명할 수 있는 투사각도 및 투사속도는 공중동작의 회전수가 증가할수록 신체무게중심이 투사되는 각도가 증가되며, 이렇게 증가된 신체무게중심의 투사각도는 신체무게중심의 최고점을 증가시키는 경향을 보였다. 3차원 투사속도를 살펴본 결과 Z방향(수직방향)은 공중돌기 회전수가 증가할수록 증가하는 경향이 나타났으나, 운동진행 방향인 Y방향 속도와 좌우측 기울기를 설명할 수 있는 X방향 속도에서는 의미 있는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 철봉 내리기 공중동작에서의 신체분절 및 각도 변화도 중요하지만 각운동량을 만들어내기 위한 동작준비구간의 각도 변화가 더욱더 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 즉, 상체가 철봉 아래 봉과 수직될 때부터 릴리즈 순간까지의 각도 변화에 주목해야 하는 데, 회전수가 증가할수록, 어깨관절 각도와 엉덩관절 각도 변화가 두드러지게 나타나 준비구간의 추기기 동작(Whip swing)의 주된 관절로 작용을 한다. 관성좌표계에 대한 상체의 움직임을 나타내는 3차원 방향의 각도 즉, 뒤돌기(somersault)각도, 틀기(twist)각도 그리고 기울기(tilt)각도로 설명이 되는데, 본 연구의 결과 릴리즈시 뒤돌기 각은 세가지 내리기 동작 유형에 따라 평균 57,7도, 38.8도 그리고 39.7도로 나타났으며, 기울기 각은 평균 -1.5도, -5.4도 그리고 -8.4도로 유의한 차이를 보이고 있으며, 틀기각도는 평균 13.4도, 10.6도 그리고 23.3도로 몸펴 두번 뒤돌며 한번 비틀어 내리기 경우 가장 큰 수치를 나타냈다.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.93-99
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• 1998

상지의 외전에 따른 관절와상완운동 및 견갑흉곽운동은 전체적으로 1.6:1의 비율로 일어나고 있었으며 외전초기에는 주로 관절와상완관절에서 운동이 일어나고 외전후기에는 관절와상완운동보 다도 견갑흉곽운동에서 약간 더 많은 운동이 일어 남을 알 수 있었다. 상지가 외전시 외회전운동은 약 70도정도가 일어나 상당히 많은 양의 외회전이 일어나고 있음을 알 수 있었으며 이 외회전운동은 외전초기에는 완만하게 일어나다 외전후기에 주로 일어나고 있음을 관찰할 수 있었다. 외전하는 동안 상완골두의 상방전위는 90도까지 3mm로 일정하게 일어나다 그 후로는 하방으로 다시전위되어 최대외전에서는 전위의 변화가 거의 없었으며 이 전위는 견봉상완간격의 변화와 밀접한관계가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 본 연구는 이차원적인 견관절운동에 대한 연구로 이를 참조하여 추후 삼차원적인 입체적 분석 및 다양한 방향에서의 견관절운동에 대한 좀 더 많은 연구와 관심이 필요할 것으로 사료되었다.