• Journal of the Korean Burn Society
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.64-67
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• 2021

Free flap surgery is commonly used for extensive facial burn. However, free flap surgery requires long operation time and difficult technique. Also, it requires further procedure to prepare the recipient vessels. Hence, applying pedicle flap surgery instead of free flap surgery is effective for patients with facial burn. Among a wide range of pedicle flaps, we performed lower trapezius myocutaneous pedicle flap to patients with third degree facial burn and got satisfactory results without complications. Lower trapezius myocutaneous pedicle flap has a wide arc of rotation so that it can cover middle and lower part of the face. Furthermore, it is thinner than other myocutaneous pedicle flap that can be used for facial reconstruction. Due to these advantages, lower trapezius myocutaneous pedicle can be an attractive option for the reconstruction of facial burn.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.32 no.6 s.95
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• pp.413-424
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• 2002

Preadolescent children with deficient maxillae are suitable candidates for the maxillary protraction appliance(MPA). The theoretical effect of the MPA is protraction or anterior displacement of the maxilla. However, it is known that complex effects such as anterior displacement of the maxillary teeth, downward and backward rotation of the mandible, linguoversion of the mandibular anterior incisors, are known to play a role in improving the Cl III malocclusion. There have been much studies with regard to maxillary protraction, but the different effects of MPAs depending on the vertical facial pattern are not known precisely. This study was based on 67 patients (31 males, 36 females) aged from 6 years 6 months to 13 years 3months, who visited the Dept. of Orthodontics at Yonsei Univ., Dental Hospital and diagnosed as skeletal Class III with maxillary deficiency. They were divided into 3 groups (low, average, high angle groups) depending on genial angle and the SNMP (Go-Gn) angle, respectively. Pretreatment and post-treatment lateral cephalograms were used to compare the effects of MPA and the following conclusions were obtained: 1) A significantly large amount of backward movement of the B point was observed in patients with a low SNMP angle. Those with a high SNMP angle had significant forward movement at A point. 2) The patients with low genial angle had the least forward movement at the A point, and those with a high angle had more forward movement. 3) In comparing the arcTan of the A point, the high angle group showed more horizontal movement while the low angle group showed more vertical movement. 4) There was no significance between the treatment duration of the SNMP and the Genial angle groups.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.11 no.3_4
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• pp.182-199
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• 2002

We attempted to show the evolution of the magma and the geochemical characteristics of dikes and dike swarms by using the petrographic and geochemical data from 287 dikes, SE Korea. The dikes can be divided into mafic, intermediate, and felsic dikes in the field. And each of them is subdivided into three groups, two groups, and two groups, respectively. The group (I) among the mafic dikes most pervasively occurs and are distributed in both sides of the Yeonil Tectonic Line (YIL), which petrographic and geochemical characteristics are the same. These facts thus, strongly support the results of the previous studies which showed that they were intruded contemporaneously and that YTL was a main tectonic line which restricted the crustal clockwise rotation during the Early Miocene. The geochemical characteristics are discriminated according to the seven groups divided petrographically. The mafic, intermediate and felsic dikes belong to basalt and basaltic andesite, andesite and facile, and rhyolite, respectively, and the magmas mostly belong to calc-alkaline series. The geochemical data indicate that there were the fractional crystallizations of olivine, clinopyroxene, and plagioclase in the mafic dikes. And the content of characteristic elements and tectonic discrimination diagrams show that the dikes were formed from the magma related to the subduction of plate and that the tectonic setting was related to orogenic volcanic arc.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.127-137
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• 2012

A conversing beam is firstly designed for radiosurgery by a neurosugern Lars Leksell in 1949 with orthogonal x-rays tube moving through horizontal moving arc to focusing the beam at target center. After 2 decades he composits 201 source of the Co-60 for gamma knife which beams focused at locus. Sveral linac-based stereotactic radiosurgery using the circular collimated beam which size range for 0.4~4.0 cm in a diameter by non-coplanar multiarc have been developed over the decades. The irregular lesions can be treated by superimposing with several spherical shots of radiation over the tumour volume. Linac based techniques include the use of between 4 and 11 non-co-planar arcs and a dynamic rotation technique and use photon beam energies in the range of 6~10 MV. Reviews of the characteristics of several treatment techniques can be found in the literature (Podgorsak 1989, Schell 1991). More in recent, static conformal beams defined by custom shaped collimators or a mini- or micro-multileaf collimator (mMLC) have been used in SRS. Finally, in the last few years, intensity-modulated mMLC SRS has also been introduced. Today, many commercial and in-house SRS programs have also introduced non-invasive immobilization systems include the cyberknife and tomotherapy and proton beam. This document will be compared the characteristics of dose distribution of radiosurgery as introduced gamma knife, BrainLab include photon knife in-house SRS program and cyberknife in currently wide used for a cranial SRS.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.221-229
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• 1998

We measured, with manual goniometer, the active and passive arc of motion of the shoulder in 31 healthy male subjects who were right-hand dominant and who ranged in age from twenty to thirty-one years. Among ten directions through the four motion plane, the range of motion on the dominant side were significantly smaller than those on the non-dominant side in the motion of six directions. We also measured the motion fraction of the glenohumeral and scapulothoracic movement using fluoroscope in 30-degree intervals of arm elevation in the scapular plane. The ratio of glenohumeral to scapulothoracic movement(θGH/θST) was 1.6 for the full range of motion in scapular plane. At the lower angles of abduction, scapulothoracic movement was slight compared with glenohumeral movement. The motion fraction of scapulothoracic joint was increased from 60-degree to 150 degree of arm angle especially between 120 to 150 degree. During arm elevation, scapula was also extended from 42 degrees to 20 degrees tilting as well as internal rotation. The measuring technique of glenohumeral to scapulothoracic movement(θGH/θST) with fluoroscopy could be applied to the simple radiographic measurement at the out-patient clinic in order to identify the pathology and recovery of shoulder motion after treatment.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.218-222
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• 2014

In this paper, we introduce an autonomous calibration method for a 2D laser displacement sensor (e.g. laser vision sensor and laser range finder) by matching a single point on a flat structure. Many arc welding robots install a 2D laser displacement sensor to expand their application by recognizing their environment (e.g. base metal and seam). In such systems, sensing data should be transformed to the robot's coordinates, and the geometric relation (i.e. rotation and translation) between the robot's coordinates and sensor coordinates should be known for the transformation. Calibration means the inference process of geometric relation between the sensor and robot. Generally, the matching of more than 3 points is required to infer the geometric relation. However, we introduce a novel method to calibrate using only 1 point matching and use a specific flat structure (i.e. circular hole) which enables us to find the geometric relation with a single point matching. We make the rotation component of the calibration results as a constant to use only a single point by moving a robot to a specific pose. The flat structure can be installed easily in a manufacturing site, because the structure does not have a volume (i.e. almost 2D structure). The calibration process is fully autonomous and does not need any manual operation. A robot which installed the sensor moves to the specific pose by sensing features of the circular hole such as length of chord and center position of the chord. We show the precision of the proposed method by performing repetitive experiments in various situations. Furthermore, we applied the result of the proposed method to sensor based seam tracking with a robot, and report the difference of the robot's TCP (Tool Center Point) trajectory. This experiment shows that the proposed method ensures precision.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.597-608
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• 2009

In this paper, large-deformation elasto-plastic analysis of space frames that considersjoint connection properties is presented. This method is based on the large-deformation formula with finite rotation, which was developed initially for elastic systems, and is extended herein to include the elasto-plastic effect and the member joint connection properties of semi-rigid what?. The analytical method was derived from the Eulerian concept, which takes into consideration the effects of large joint translations and rotations. The localmember force-deformation relationships were obtained from the beam-column approach, and the change caused by the axial strain in the member chord lengths and flexural bowing were taken into account. The effect of the axial force of the member on bending and torsional stiffness, and on the plastic moment capacity, is included in the analysis. The material is assumed to be ideally elasto-plastic, and yielding is considered concentrated at the member ends in the form of plastic hinges. The semi-rigid properties of the member joint connection are considered based on the power or linear model. The arc length method is usedto trace the post-buckling range of the elastic and elasto-plastic problems with the semi-rigid connection. A sample non-linear buckling analysis was carried out with the proposed space frame formulations to demonstrate the potential of the developed method in terms of its accuracy and efficiency.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.217-222
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the dose distribution by gantry rotation and MLC moving speed on treatment planning system(TPS) and linear accelerator. The dose analyzer phantom(Delta 4) was scanned by CT simulator for treatment planning. The planning target volumes(PTVs) of prostate and pancreas was prescribed 6,500 cGy, 5,000 cGy on VMAT(Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy) by TPS while MLC speed changed. The analyzer phantom was irradiated linear accelerator using by planned parameters. Dose distribution of PTVs were evaluated by the homogeneity index, conformity index, dose volume histogram of organ at risk(rectum, bladder, spinal cord, kidney). And irradiated dose analysis were evaluated dose distribution and conformity by gamma index. The PTV dose of pancreas was 4,993 cGy during 0.1 cm/deg leaf and gantry that was the most closest prescribed dose(5,000 cGy). The dose of spinal cord, left kidney, and right kidney were accessed the lowest during 0.1 cm/deg, 1.5 cm/deg, 0.3 cm/deg. The PTV dose of prostate was 6,466 cGy during 0.1 cm/deg leaf and gantry that was the most closest prescribed dose(6,500 cGy). The dose of bladder and rectum were accessed the lowest during 0.3 cm/deg, 2.0 cm/deg. For gamma index, pancreas and prostate were analyzed the lowest error 100% at 0.8, 1.0 cm/deg and 99.6% at 0.3, 0.5 cm/deg. We should used the optimal leaf speed according to the gantry rotation if the treatment cases are performed VMAT.

• The Korean Journal of Petroleum Geology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2007

The southeastern Korean Peninsula has experienced crustal multi-deformations according to changes of global tectonic setting during the Cenozoic. Characteristic features of the crustal deformations in relation to major Cenozoic tectonic events are summarized as follows. (1) Collision of Indian and Eurasian continents and abrupt change of movement direction of the Pacific plate (50${\sim}$43 Ma): The collision of Indian and Eurasian continents caused the eastward extrusion of East Asia block as a trench-rollback, and then the movement direction of the Pacific plate was abruptly changed from NNW to WNW. As a result, the strong suction-force along the plate boundary produced a tensional stress field trending EW or WNW-ESE in southeastern Korea, which resultantly induced the passive intrusion of NS or NNE trending mafic dike swarm. (2) Opening of the East Sea (25${\sim}$16 Ma): The NS or NNW-SSE trending opening of the East Sea generated a dextral shear stress regime trending NNW-SSE along the eastern coast line of the Korean Peninsula. As a result, pull-apart basins were developed in right bending and overstepping parts along major dextral strike slip faults trending NNW-SSE in southeastern Korea. The basins can be divided into two types on the basis of geometry and kinematics: Parallelogram-shaped basin (rhombochasm) and wedged-shaped basin (sphenochasm), respectively. In those times, the basins and adjacent basement blocks experienced clockwise rotation and northwestward tilting contemporaneously, and the basins often experienced a kind of propagating rifting from NE toward SE. At about 17Ma, the Yonil Tectonic Line, which is the westernmost border fault of the Miocene crustal deformation in southeastern Korea, began to move as a major dextral strike slip fault. (3) Clockwise rotation of southeastern Japan Island (about 15 Ma): The collision of the Izu-Bonin Arc and southeastern Japan Island, as a result of northward movement of the Philippine sea-plate, induced the clockwise rotation of southeastern Japan Island. The event caused the NW-SE compression in the Korea Strait as a tectonic inversion, which resultantly tenninated the basin extension and caused local counterclockwise rotation of blocks in southeastern Korea. (4) E-W compression in the East Asia (after about 5 Ma): Decreasing subduction angle of the Pacific plate and eastward movement of the Amurian plate have constructed the-top-to-west thrusts and become a major cause for earthquakes in southeastern Korea until the present time.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.163-168
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• 2001

The defects of the abdominal wall could be brought about either congenitally, for instances in such cases as omphalocele or gastroschisis, or by various acquired causes-trauma, excision of tumors, excision of burn scar, tissue necrosis caused by infection, hematoma after abdominal surgery, tissue necrosis after radiation therapy and so on. As for the techniques of the reconstruction of the abdominal wall defects, many authors have developed and reported diverse methods. To summarize, primary closure, skin graft, local skin flaps, various myocutaneous flaps, free flap, fascia graft, artificial mesh, tissue expansion, etc could be used in the reconstruction of the abdominal wall defects. The periumbilical perforator-based island skin flap has a many advantages such as no significant sacrifice of the rectus abdominis muscle, wide rotation arc, reliable blood flow of the perforator, short elevation time for flap, and for middle-aged, obese patients, the donor site may be the best from the cosmetic point of view. We used perforator-based island skin flap in 5 cases with reasonable result from March 1999 to May 2001. There were no significant complications and donor sites could be repaired primarily.