Soil testing laboratories unfamiliar with turfgrasses will often overestimate the plant's need for phosphorus and underestimate the need for potassium. This is partly due to differences in rooting between grasses and many garden plants and crops. The grasses are generally more efficient in extracting phosphorus from the soil, reducing their need for phosphorus fertilizer. The fact that crop yield is often the primary objective in field crop production, and is usually of little interest in turfgrass management, may affect soil test interpretation for potassium. Potassium levels above those required for maximum tissue yield of grasses may improve stress tolerance and turfgrasses will usually benefit from higher applications of this element. There are also diffrrences in soil testing philosophies. Some laboratories use the sufficiency level of available nutrients(SLAN) approach, whereas others prefer the basic cation saturation ratio(BCSR) approach. Some will use a combination of the two methods. The use of the BCSR theory easily lends itself to abuse and questionable fertilizer applications and products are sometimes recommended citing imbalances in cation ratios. The usefulness of the BCSR ratio theory of soil testing varies with soil texture and interpretations on tests performed on sand-based media are particularly a problem. Other soil testing problems occur when sand-based media used on sports fields and golf greens contain free calcium carbonate. The ammonium acetate extractant at pH 7.0 dissolves excessive amounts of calcium that can bias cation exchange capacity measurements and measurements of cation ratios. Adjusting the pH of the extractant to 8.1 can improve the accuracy of the testing procedure for calcareous media.
The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
/
v.7
no.4
/
pp.721-726
/
2021
Plant cells have a totipotencial capacity, the ability of each cell to produce a new complete individual through development. By applying this, several technologies are being developed for widespread application of somatic embryogenesis by processing hormones in vitro as a method of propagation of plants. In order to use this technology, in Kalanchoe pinnata, a plant capable of asexual reproduction with more regular cell division, kinetin belonging to cytokinin and picloram among hormones belonging to auxin were added in combination and treated for 8 weeks, and then the typical performance was evaluated. As a result of our experiment, the rooting effect in leaf slices showed a 70% incidence rate at a picloram concentration of 0.1 mg/L. It has been proven that a concentration difference of 1:5-1:10 in the ratio of kinetin and picloram is effective. It is the experimental result that the effect of auxin is essential for the development of Kalanchoe roots. As for the effect of shooting, the incidence rate was 60% at the picloram concentration of 0.5 mg/L. The kinetin concentration from 0.5 and 1.0 mg/L and has a significant effect on development. It has been proven that the ratio of kinetin to picloram is effective with a concentration difference of 1:1-1:2. These results show that the combination of cytokinin and auxin is crucially important for shooting. It is thought that it can be the basis of a technology for inducing mass proliferation in vitro by inducing direct organogenesis with a combination of hormones.
Park, Chul-Hyoung;Ryu, Jeom-Ho;Han, Kwang-Soo;Doo, Hong-Soo;Choi, Sun-Young
Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
/
v.4
no.2
/
pp.119-125
/
1996
To improve the efficiency of mass propagation in vitro of Fritillaria thunbergii, bulb scale and nodes were cultured in LS medium supplemented with the combination of 2, 4-D and kinetin or NAA and BA. The number and size of bulb, the number of adventitious shoot, the ratio of callus formation, rooting, and the effects of light and dark on the culture, plant regeneration from calli, and the gelling substances were investigated. The combination of 2, 4-D and kinetin in media was more effective than the media of NAA and BA for the bulblet formation. The media supplemented with 2 mg/L 2, 4-D and 1 mg/L kinetin, $1{\sim}2\;mg/L$ 2, 4-D without kinetin and $1{\sim}3\;mg/L$ BAA only were effective in the adventitious shoot development. Callus formation and root formation, respectively were effective in the medium supplemented with 2mg/L 2, 4-D and 1mg/L kinetin. In bulb formation, the medium with 5 mg/L kinetin was effective, and the most of bulbs were formed from the axillary bud of node part. In bulb formation, shoot growth, callus and root formation, the light culture for 16 hours per day was better than that in the dark culture. Bulb was nicely formed in the medium with 0. 2 mg/L 2, 4-D, 1 mg/L kinetin. The medium without hormone was most effective for plant regeneration. The phytagel was more effective than agar in the medium as the gelling agent.
Broadcast-seeded rice in submerged paddy frequently lodge in the field. In general, the causes of lodging in rice cultivation differ with different cultural methods. This study was conducted to investigate the causes of lodging in broadcast-seeded rice (BSR) and hand-transplanted rice (HTR) under four nitrogen (N) levels. Lodging in BSR was mainly a root lodging due to shallow root distribution, while that in HTR showed a bending type owing to deep rooting system. At the upper soil layer (0-5cm from the surface of ground) the root distribution of BSR (65.2%) was much larger than that of HTR (51.6%), whereas at the 5-10cm soil layer the root distribution of BSR (18.5%) was much smaller than that of HTR (28.0%). The depth of buried culm base was much shallower in BSR (1.2cm) than in HTR (4.0cm). The plant height, fresh weight, lodging index, culm diameter and thickness in HTR were much greater than those in BSR, and the breaking strength of lower internode was similar in the two cultivation methods indicating that HTR would have more lodging causes than BSR. In spite of . the more advantages to lodging resistance in BSR it severely lodged in the field. The main lodging-inducing factors of BSR were the shallow root distribution and shallow depth of buried culm base. Besides these, the higher ratio of gravity center of culm was an important factor. This result suggested that for the fundamental prevention of lodging in BSR, an ideotype of rice plant with ' a deep-rooted behavior ' should be developed.
The characteristics of landslides occurred in August 5, 1979 in pyeongchangkun were surveyed and indentified as follows. 1. Deep limestone regions. Distinct differences in soil texture between A1 and B horizon could be observed on soil profile, which is attributed to the clay illuviation. The clay illuvial horizon is supposed to be an important cause of large scale mudflows on middle slopes by the lubricant action of ground water flowing between top soil and subsoil. 2. Shallow limestone regions. Very shallow top soils (less than 50cm) laid on tilted bedrock stratification provide a proper condition of mass soil movement if the top soil is saturated and ground water flows between top soil and bedrock when concentrated heavy rainfalls shower. 3. Granite regions. Weathering granitic bedrock produces very coarse textured top soils which are very cohesionless and have many pores. Therefore, the soil has high infiltration ratio and is easy to be saturated by water and to be detached from the bedrock. The landslides abrase very severely both sides of gully with high potential energy when they flow down. The following methods for landslide prevention can be recommended. 1. The original parts of landslides on top of the gully must be treated by intensive planting of deep rooting species and check dams. 2. Clear-cutting and crop planting on steep slope (more than 25 degrees) should be controlled and prohibited. 3. Establishment of landslide prevention forest should be practised on proper site.
This study was carried out to find the effects of plant growth regulators on callus formation, rooting and shooting from cotyledon explant in oriental me]on. Various combinations of 0.1 mg/L auxins (IAA, NAA) and 0.5, 1.0. 1.5, 2.0 mg/L cytokinins (BA, kinetin, zeatin) were treated to the MS basal medium, respectively. Callus was induced mort effectively as 2,437.0 mg (FW)/explant in MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L NAA and 2.0 mg/L BA, but that was non-embryogenic callus as colored yellow white and broke easily. Root was induced most effectively at a frequency of 98.0% in MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L NAA and 0-5 mg/L kinetin. Shoots formed on cut part of vein at a frequency of 98.0% in MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L IAA and 2.0 mg/L BA, that were multiple shoots. in case of its concentration, BA and lower concentration of IAA and NAA (0.01 and 0.05 mg/L). respectively. shooting ratio was not increased. The result of treatment with BA 0-5 mg/L and IAA 0.1 mg/L, callus induced at a week, and shoot start to form multiple shoots about 3 weeks after inoculation. After 2 times subculture as 2 weeks intervals, divided shoots rooted and developed into intact plantlets at 10 weeks and then that grown normally on pots after acclimatization.
This study was carried out to investigate the change of endosperm substance and seedling growth in rice seedlings for machine transplanting with use of two rice varieties, which Samgangbyeo (Indica${\times}$Japonica) and Dogjinbyeo (Japonica) were sown on May 8 with five levels of seeding density. 1. The total dry matter weight, leaf area, length of the longest root, number and length of new roots were negatively correlated with seeding density, and the plant height had the similar tendency to them from 20 days after sowing(DAS). 2. The rooting ability was negatively correlated with seeding density and decreased from 35 DAS in Dongjinbyeo. 3. The endosperm substance were exhausted at 25 to 30 DAS in Samgangbyeo and at 25 DAS in Dongjinbyeo. 4. The leaf area was more useful than the ratio of plant height to dry matter weight for judging the constitution of seedlings. 5. The reducing sugar contents in the endosperm were the greatest among parts of rice seedlings followed by leaf and root. The contents in leaf, root and endosperm reached maximal at 10 DAS, and varied with plant parts, seedling growth and varieties in different levels of seeding density. 6. The protein contents in leaf and root of rice seedlings became decreased with seedling growth., and were minimal values at 15 DAS. The content in endosperm was decreased soon after seeding, and minimal at 4 DAS with showing some fluctuation of protein content after then.
Kim, Tae-il;Kim, Woon-Seop;Choi, Jae-Hyeon;Jang, Won-Seok;Seo, Kwan-Seok
Horticultural Science & Technology
/
v.17
no.2
/
pp.111-114
/
1999
Experiments were conducted to select the optimum cultivars which are adaptable to South Korea through estimating the differences in daughter plant production and growth response among seven strawberry cultivars. In the vegetative stage, Nyoho, Akihime and Suhong produced more daughter plants than other cultivars whereas Akaneko and Tochinomine, which developed less runners, showed better condition in runner vigorness. The quality of daughter plants derived from forcing cultivars was uniform in general. Even though there was no significant differences in rooting among cultivars, runners from Akaneko and Tochinomine developed more roots and fresh weight of roots than other cultivars. In the forcing cultivars, Akihime showed the most excellent plant vigorness, yield and highest sugar content of fruits and also was 5 days faster than Nyoho in flowering date. However, the fruit tended to be softened. In the semi-forcing cultivars, Tochinomine was excellent in vigorness, firmness, sugar content of fruits and the average of fruit weight but low in flower numbers per cluster and late in the emergency of second flower cluster. Although Akaneko showed highest in sugar/acid ratio and rich in flavour, lighting treatment was recommended to this cultivar for early harvest because of softness of fruits.
Domestic and international production of Tricholoma matsutake has decreased owing to matsutake forests being left alone, host plant disease, forest fires, climate change, and so on. In order to identify strains that are suitable for the production of T. matsutake-inoculated seedlings, Pinus densiflora seedlings were inoculated with T. matsutake after in vitro rooting and mycorrhization was examined in the roots of T. matsutake-inoculated seedlings after 6 months. The mycorrhization rate was greater than 80% for 5 strains (NIFoS 421, 434, 1681, 1984, and 2001) out of 19 total strains. Seven strains (NIFoS 434, 441, 561, 562, 1016, 1807, and 1812) showed shoot/root ratios of less than 3.0 and had a seedling shoot biomass of 2.0 to 4.8 times higher than that of the root. Eight strains (NIFoS 441, 561, 562, 1016, 1807, 1812, 1984, and 2001) stimulated increases in shoot volume and three stains (NIFoS 441, 562, and 1812) promoted the growth of root biomass by mycorrhizal formation. In conclusion, 4 strains (NIFoS 434, 561, 1984, and 2001) out of 19 total strains tested showed higher mycorrhization rates and seedling growth than those of the other strains. We expect that the use of these four strains may contribute to T. matsutake-inoculated seedling production.
Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
/
v.43
no.4
/
pp.98-111
/
2015
Urban environmental problems such as flooding, depletion of ground water, pollution of urban streams and the heat island effect caused by urban development and climate change can be mitigated by the improvement of the urban water cycle. For the effective planning of water cycle management it is necessary to establish aerial Hydrotope Maps, with which we can estimate the status and change of the water allowance for any site. The structure of the German water balance model BAGLUVA, which is based on soil and vegetation, was analyzed and the input data and boundary condition of the model was compared with Korean data and research results. The BAGLUVA Model consists of 5 Input categories (climate, land use, topography, soil hydrology and irrigation). The structure and interconnection of these categories are analyzed and new concepts and implementation methods of topographic factor, maximum evapotranspiration ratio, effective rooting depth and Bagrov n parameter was compared and analyzed. The relation of real evapotranspiration ($ET_a$)-maximum evapotranspiration ($ET_{max}$) - precipitation (P) was via Bagrov n factor represented. The aerial and land use oriented Hydrotope Map can help us to investigate the water balance of small catchment areas and to set goals for volume of rainwater management and LID facilities effectively in the city. Further, this map is a useful tool for implementing water resource management within landscape and urban planning.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.