Studies on the Causal Factors of Landslides on Limestone Soils in Pyeongchangkun

산사태(山沙汰) 발생요인(發生要因)에 관한 연구(硏究) -평창군(平昌郡) 석회암지대(石灰岩地帶)를 중심(中心)으로-

The characteristics of landslides occurred in August 5, 1979 in pyeongchangkun were surveyed and indentified as follows. 1. Deep limestone regions. Distinct differences in soil texture between A1 and B horizon could be observed on soil profile, which is attributed to the clay illuviation. The clay illuvial horizon is supposed to be an important cause of large scale mudflows on middle slopes by the lubricant action of ground water flowing between top soil and subsoil. 2. Shallow limestone regions. Very shallow top soils (less than 50cm) laid on tilted bedrock stratification provide a proper condition of mass soil movement if the top soil is saturated and ground water flows between top soil and bedrock when concentrated heavy rainfalls shower. 3. Granite regions. Weathering granitic bedrock produces very coarse textured top soils which are very cohesionless and have many pores. Therefore, the soil has high infiltration ratio and is easy to be saturated by water and to be detached from the bedrock. The landslides abrase very severely both sides of gully with high potential energy when they flow down. The following methods for landslide prevention can be recommended. 1. The original parts of landslides on top of the gully must be treated by intensive planting of deep rooting species and check dams. 2. Clear-cutting and crop planting on steep slope (more than 25 degrees) should be controlled and prohibited. 3. Establishment of landslide prevention forest should be practised on proper site.

평창군(平昌郡)에 발생(發生)한 산사태지(山沙汰地)의 유형(類型)은 다음과 같으며 그특징(特徵)을 보면, 1. 석회암(石灰岩) 심토지대(深土地帶) 토양단면상(土壤斷面上)에 점토(粘土)의 집적(集積)으로 토성(土性)의 차이(差異)가 뚜렷하여 수분(水分)에 의한 윤활작용(潤滑作用)으로 니류형산사태(泥流型山沙汰)가 발생(發生)한다. 2. 석회암(石灰岩) 암반지대(岩盤地帶) 표토(表土)의 두께가 얇고 평활(平滑)한 암반층(岩盤層)이 존재(存在)하므로 집중호우시(集中豪雨時) 표층토(表層土)가 쉽게 포화(飽和)되고 암반경계부(岩盤境界部)에 수분윤활작용(水分潤滑作用)으로 표토(表土)가 분리(分離) 붕락(崩落)한다. 3. 화강암지대(花崗岩地帶) 조립질토성(粗粒質土性)의 모재(母材)는 응집력(凝集力)이 적으며 공극(孔隙)이 많고 삼투능이 커서 수분(水分)에 의한 식화(蝕和) 및 분리작용(分離作用)이 신속하여 쉽게 기암층(基岩層)으로부터 붕락(崩落) 계안(溪岸)을 침식(浸蝕)한다. 본지역(本地域)의 산사태예방책(山沙汰豫防策)으로 다음을 들 수 있다. 1. 산사태근원지(山沙汰根源地)의 집중조림(集中造林) 및 사방공작물(砂防工作物) 설치(設置). 2. 급경사지(急傾斜地)($25^{\circ}$이상)의 개벌(皆伐) 및 개간경작(開墾耕作)의 억제(抑制) 3. 산사태방비림(山沙汰防備林) 조성(造成).