• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.186-188
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• 2002

This experiment was carried out to know the effect of media and agar concentrations, aeration and growth regulators on rooting and acclimatization of the shoots harvested from bioreactor culture in Rehmannia glutinosa. Half MS media with 1.2% agar improved rooting and acclimatization of shoots. Shoots were effectively acclimatized and rooted well in case of aeration by using membrane filtered vessels. Shoots acclimatized in vessel with membrane Inter were healthier and had higher ex vitro survival rate than those without membrane Inter on plug tray. Addition of paclobutrazol 0.3-0.4 mg/L, to acclimatization media enhanced shoots growth and root development.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 1992

These studies were conducted to investigate effects of phytohormone and activated carbon on the growth and rooting of teratoma shoots induced from Nicotiana tabacum cv. NC2326 transformed by Aerobacterium tumefaciens C58. GA was effective for shoot elongation and reduction of multiple shoots from teratoma shoot, however, leaves of teratoma shoot cultured on the medium with GA were pointed. ABA was also effective in promoting shoot elongation, but was not for reduction of multiple shoots. Teratoma shoot cultured on the medium with 1 n activated carbon promoted shoot elongation and inhibited the number of shoots differentiated, but was grown as abnormal shoot. Addition of 1% activated carbon and 0.5mg/l BA to culture media was effective for shoot elongation and reduction of multiple shoot and for formation of round leaves as normal leaves. Though these shoots were inoculated on the rooting medium, they could not from roots but formed multiple shoots. Boric acid, myo-inositol and sucrose were also ineffective on the rooting of teratoma shoots.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.275-281
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• 2013

To establish in vitro nodal culture conditions of Echinosophora koreensis Nakai, one of rare and endangered species famous for beautiful flowers in the Korean Peninsula, the influence of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on shooting and rooting from in vitro shoots was investigated. In shoot multiplication, addition of 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) to the half-strength Driver and Kuniyuki's media in the range of 2.22 to 8.88 ${\mu}M $induced 2.5 to 2.7 shoots per axillary bud; and addition of 2.27 ${\mu}M $ thidiazuron (TDZ) produced 3.2 shoots, during 4 weeks of culture, while zeatin and isopentenyl adenine (2ip) were not effective on shoot multiplication as observed from several combination treatments of BA with other PGRs. Shoots established were smaller than 2 cm in length, in most of the treatments. while in BA 8.88 ${\mu}M $ treatment more than 30% of shoots were longer than 2 cm and shorter than 4 cm. In rooting, naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) from 5.37 to 21.48 ${\mu}M $ showed the rooting rate from 40.0 to 62.5%. Indole butyric acid (IBA) addition had little effect on rooting (<10%), although some roots in IBA-containing media were longer than those in NAA. Micropropagation from axillary buds of nodular explants was applicable and promising to multiplication and conservation of Echinosophora koreensis Nakai.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 2001.04b
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• pp.79-80
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• 2001

This study was conducted to estimate rooting and shooting in single-node cuttings (SNC) of roses 'Rote Rose' and 'Teresa' to several conditions: growth stage, node position, and leaf area of cutting, so that single-stemmed roses (SSR) could be used in rose factory system. There was no effects of growth stage of flowering shoots far cutting on the rooting and shooting of SNC in both of the two cultivars. However, the node position and leaf area of cuttings significantly affected the rooting and shooting of SNC: the speed was accelerated with larger leaf area and upper node cuttings, but the rate showed little difference as above 95%. Based on above results, rooting and shooting in SNC was forced by leaf area mainly, followed by node positions. On the other hand, flowering rate of shoots from SNC was improved mainly with larger leaf area in cuttings. Shoots of 45cm-longer, qualified for rose factory system, increased with lower node and larger leaf area significantly. Therefore, it could be said that the potential growth of shoots from SNC would be influenced mainly by leaf area, followed by node position on cutting.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.263-267
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• 2003

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of thidazuron(TDZ) on shoot proliferation and growth from axillary buds of 20-years-old Corylopsis coreana. Shoots proliferation was effectively achieved on WPM(Woody Plant Medium) supplemented with 0.03∼0.1mg/L TDZ. The highest shoot number(6.5$\pm$0.7) was obtained on 0.1mg/L TDZ treatment. On the TDZ medium shoots formed as clusters less than 1cm in height and therefore needed to subculture on GA$_{3}$ containing medium to induce elongation. In consecutive cultures, phenolic compounds were excreted at the proximal part of the explants and inhibited growth of the explants. Growth inhibition by the compounds was overcome using liquid and paper bridge culture system. About 60％ of the elongated shoots rooted on half- strength MS medium containing IBA. Generally, IBA was mire effective on in vitro rooting than NAA with optimal range of 0.5mg/L to 1.0mg/L. Rooted plantlets were transferred in an artificial soil(vermculite) and acclimatized in high humidity greenhouse condition. Survival rate differed greatly depending on rooting types of the explants. Two types of rooting were observed. The first type was direct rooting from the explants. The second type was callus formation followed by rooting from the callus. The explants showing the 1st type rooting survived can be multiplicated in vitro by TDZ treatment followed by elongation with GA$_{3}$ and rooting with IBA.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.119-126
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• 2009

An efficient in vitro plant regeneration system was developed through shoot proliferation from axillary buds of Tectona grandis (L.f), APNBV-1 (Andhra Pradesh North Badrachalam Venkatapuram-1) clone. Multiple shoots of high quality were produced in vitro from axillary bud explants. An average of 4.39 shoots/explant were obtained on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with plant growth regulators (PGRs) benzyl amino purine (BA), kinetin (KN), indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberillic acid ($GA_3$), growth adjuvants casein hydrolysate (CH), adenine sulphate (Ads) and antioxidants ascorbic acid, polyvinyl pyrrollidine (PVP). Eighty five percent of rooting was observed in ex vitro rooting media containing IBA and vermiculite. In ex vitro rooting, single shoots with 2 to 3 nodes were subjected to IBA of different concentrations at different periods of time intervals. Direct rooting in vermiculite at 500 ppm concentration of IBA resulted in 4.3 number of roots with 2 cm length. Minimum response of rooting and length of roots were recorded at 100 ppm concentration of IBA. Planlets were transferred to plastic bags for short acclimatization stage in green house where they survived at 95%.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.4
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• pp.452-457
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• 2008

In order to develop an efficient micropropagation technique effect of plant growth regulators (PGRs) affecting on shoot proliferation from shoot apex in Pyrus ussuriensis was tested. Generally, there was no conspicuous effect on shoot induction by the treatment of PGRs and one or two shoots/explant were induced when cultured on MS medium supplemented with BA and/or BA plus NAA. Both apical shoot necrosis and hyperhydric shoots were observed frequently in multiplied shoots, and callus was formed at the basal part of shoots. About 20% spontaneous rooting was achieved in growing shoots, however the proliferated shoots exhibited poor rooting rate in gelrite supported media. When we tried to ex vitro rooting of the shoot cutting, the shoot cuttings rooted up to 50% with 100 mg/L IBA application. The rooted plantlets grew normally after acclimatization in the greenhouse.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.82-89
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• 2022

In vitro techniques were developed for propagating Vaccinium oldhamii using shoots with apical buds. Explants having an apical bud were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.0, 2.0, and 5.0 mg/L of each zeatin, thidiazuron, 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), and 6-(γ,γ-dimethylallylamino)purine (2-iP) in order to induce multiple shoots. Among the tested treatments, the 2.0 mg/L of 2-iP proved to be most suited for the multiplication and growth of shoots; the multiple shoot induction rate was 100.0%, the average number of shoots was 7.4 per explant, and the average shoot length was 51.7 mm. The in vitro elongated shoots were rooted on half-strength MS medium containing various concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). However, overall callus overgrowth was observed in all treatments and resulted in necrosis and abnormal shoot growth in root formation. A low concentration (0.5 mg/L) of IBA was appropriate for normal root development and the in vitro rooting rate was 30%. Ex vitro treatments on root formation using various concentrations of IBA with Talc powder and two types of rooting substrates (Flexi-Plugs or Horticultural soil) were examined. The ex vitro rooting rate (80%) and length of roots (32.9 mm) were obtained when the cut ends of the shoots were treated with 1.0 mg/L IBA and cultivated in Horticultural soil for 2 months. These findings suggest that ex vitro rooting is the more effective method for improving root formation in Vaccinium oldhamii than in vitro rooting.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.62-67
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the optimum composition and concentration of medium for the acclimation of the shoots derived from bioreactor culture of Scrophularia buergeriana. Rooting and growth of the shoots cultured in bioreactor for 4 weeks were better on liquid full strength MS medium while one-tenth of MS medium was good for rooting and growth of the shoots cultured in bioreactor for 6 weeks. Leaf expansion was more effective in the shoots cultured for 6 weeks on solid MS medium than in those cultured for 4 weeks. No leaf expanded in liquid medium. Vitrification rate was higher in full strength solid MS medium than in half strength MS medium. It is concluded that acclimation of the shoots is more effective on the half strength solid MS medium containing 1.2% agar.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.12a
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• pp.60-60
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• 2020

To establish in vitro axillary bud culture conditions of Echinosophora koreensis Nakai, one of Korean endemic endangered species famous for beautiful flowers, we tested the influence of plant growth regulators (PGRs) in shooting and rooting stage from in vitro plants. In shoot multiplication, addition of 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) to the media induced 2.5 to 3 shoots per bud during 4 weeks of culture. And media including 0.5 mg L^-1 thidiazuron (TDZ) produced 3 to 4 shoots per bud. However, zeatin and isopentenyl adenine (2-ip) were not successful to increase shoot number, and the combination treatments of BA with other PGRs were also not effective. Shoots were smaller than 2 cm in length, in most of the treatments. In rooting, naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) treatments in the range of 0.5 to 4.0 mg L^-1 appeared to increase rooting rate by 10% to 60% approximately when compared with the control but roots developed with callus clusters. Indole butyric acid (IBA) addition had little effect on rooting (below 10%), while some roots were longer than in NAA treatments and some shoots were longer on high IBA concentrations (4.0 to 8.0 mg L^-1). It is suggested that micropropagation is a highly applicable and promising to multiplication and conservation of rare and endangered endemic species.