• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.225-234
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• 2008

Recently interesting in development of antimicrobial agent from natural origin has been increased in these days. Many studies have been reported antimicrobial effect of Horseradish(Armoracia rusticana) root extracts against various microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio parahaemolyticu, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus parasiticus, Helicobacter pylori. The main component related to antimicrobial activity in horseradish is well known as allyl isothiocyanate(AIT). In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial effects of Horseradish(Armoracia rusticana) root extracts against Streptococcus mutans isolated from human dental plaque, Streptococcus mutans reference strain and compared with that of chlorhexidine. Horseradish root extracts and chlorhexidine were tested to determine their minimum inhibitory concentration( MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC). The result of this study can be summerized as follows; 1. Horseradish root extracts showed antimicrobial effect against both S. mutans isolated strain and reference strain, their MIC were respectively $0.083{\sim}0.25%$ ($833.33{\sim}2500 ppm$), 0.25% (2500 ppm). Horseradish root extracts showed antimicrobial effect against S. mutans isolated strain at same or slightly lower concentration compared with MIC of reference strain. 2. $0.083{\sim}0.25%$ horseradish root extracts showed similar antimicrobial effect with chlorhexidine ($0.0021{\sim}0.0041%$).

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.778-790
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• 2008

This experiment investigated the effect of mixed extracts obtained from Mylabris phalerata Pall. and Drynariae Rhizoma on hair growth activity of the normal and spontaneous alopecia areata model of C57BL/6N mice for 16 days. First, we examined morphological regrowth of hair in normal and spontaneous alopecia model of C57BL/6N mice. Second, we examined immunoreactive density of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), c-kit and protein kinase $C-{\alpha}(PKC-{\alpha})$ in skin of normal C57BL/6N mice by immunohistochemical methods. Third, we investigated expression of $TGF-{\beta}$, prolactin and placenta lactogen after topical application of mixed extracts of Mylabris phalerata Pall. and Drynariae Rhizoma to skin by RT-PCR. The results were as follows: Hair growth effect from middle and high concentration of mixed extracts of Mylabris phalerata Pall. and Drynariae Rhizoma was observed in 80% of normal mice in whose hair had been clipped in 15th days. Hair growth effect of all concentrations of mixed extracts of Mylabris phalerata Pall. and Drynariae Rhizoma was observed in 100% of spontaneous alopecia model of C57BL/6N mice in 15th days. Immunoreactive density of VEGF, c-kit and $PKC-{\alpha}$ in skin of all concentrations of mixed extracts of Mylabris phalerata Pall. and Drynariae Rhizoma were strongly stained in epidermis, bulge, secondary hair germ cells and cutaneous trunci m. compare to control group in 10th day. In experimental III group, Immunoreactive density of VEGF, c-kit and $PKC-{\alpha}$ in skin were strongly stained in inner and outer root sheath of skin. The treatment of mixed extracts of Mylabris phalerata Pall. and Drynariae Rhizoma increased the expression of $TGF-{\beta}$, placenta lactogen and prolactin in the skin of normal C57BL/6N mice compared to control group. These experiments suggest that mixed extracts of Mylabris phalerata Pall. and Drynariae Rhizoma may stimulate the topical hair growth activity and it can be useful for treatment of alopecia areata.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.674-682
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• 2011

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of acupuncture & moxibustion therapy on the hair follicle growth of skin 5 days and 10 days by macroscopic, microscopic and immunohistochemical methods. The results were as follows : Macroscopic hair follicle growth of plum-blossom needle treated group and strong moxibustion treated group was more increase than that of control group. Microscopic hair follicle growth of plum-blossom needle treated group and strong moxibustion treated group was hair growing cycle, anagen phase VI and that of control group and weak moxibustion treated group was hair growing cycle, anagen phase IV. Immunohistochemical observations on the expression of various growth factors, enzyme and receptor in hair follicle cycle after local treatment of acupuncture & moxibustion therapy are as follows: Expression of fibroblast growth factor was more intense in epidermis in plum-blossom needle treated group, epidermis and secondary hair germ cells in strong moxibustion treated group than control group. Expression of epidermal growth factor was more intense in epidermis in all experimental groups, and secondary hair germ cells in moxibustion treated group than control group. Expression of c-kit receptor was more intense in epidermis, secondary hair germ cells, outer root sheath in all experimental groups than control group. Expression of protein kinase C-${\alpha}$ was more intense in epidermis, secondary hair germ cells, outer root sheath in all experimental groups than control group. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor was more intense in epidermis, bulge, secondary hair germ cells, outer root sheath in plum-blossom needle treated group and strong moxibustion treated group than control group. We concluded that acupuncture & moxibustion therapy related to the expression of various growth factors, enzymes and receptor on the hair growth cycle for hair growth.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2013

Objective : Morus alba Linne Root Bark (MRAL) is a medicinal herb in Korean Medicine, known for its anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties. However, its mechanisms of action and the cellular targets have not yet been found and the study was developed to investigate the allergic suppressive effect of MRAL. The purpose of this study is to investigate the allergic suppressive effects of MRAL on activation of MC/9 mast cells. Methods : Cytotoxic activity of MRAL (50, 100, 200, 400 ${\mu}g/mL$) on MC/9 mast cells measured using EZ-Cytox cell viability assay kit (WST reagent). The levels of interleukin-5 (IL-5), IL-13 and IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13 mRNA expression were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time PCR respectively. The expression of transcription factors such as GATA-1, GATA-2, NFAT, AP-1 and NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 DNA binding activity were measured by western blot and electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA). Results : Our results indicated that MRAL (50 ${\mu}g/mL$, 100 ${\mu}g/mL$) significantly inhibited PMA/Ionomycin-induced production of IL-5 and IL-13 and the expression of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-13 mRNA in MC/9 mast cells. Moreover, MRAL (50 ${\mu}g/mL$, 100 ${\mu}g/mL$) inhibited PMA/Ionomycin-induced GATA-1, GATA-2, NFAT-1, NFAT-2, c-Fos protein expression and NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 DNA binding activity in MC/9 mast cells. Conclusions : In conclusion, we suspect the anti-allergenic activities of MRAL, may be related to the regulation of transcription factors GATA-1, GATA-2, NFAT-1, NFAT-2, c-Fos and NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 DNA binding assay causing inhibition of Th2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-13 in mast cells.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2016.04a
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• pp.233-236
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• 2016

루트킷은 쉽게 말해 루트(root)권한을 쉽게 얻게 해주는 킷(kit)이다. 루트킷은 주로 운영체제의 커널 객체를 조작함으로서 프로세스, 파일 및 레지스트리가 사용자에게 발견되지 않도록 은닉하는 일을 수행한다. 본 논문에서는 루트킷의 은닉 기법중 하나인 직접 커널 오브젝트 조작 기법 (DKOM, Direct Kernel Object Manipulation)에 대해 연구한다. 그동안 루트킷에서 많이 이용되던 DKOM 기법은 작업 관리자로부터 프로세스를 은닉하는 일을 수행하였다. 그러나 본 논문에서는 이를 응용하여 작업 관리자로부터 프로세스를 은닉할 뿐만 아니라 Anti Rootkit 도구까지 우회하는 커널모드 디바이스를 설계하고, 이를 탐지할 수 있는 새로운 방법에 대하여 제안한다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.215-220
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• 2005

It is common for clinicians to encounter endodontically tl·treated teeth that contain posts within their roots. If endodontic treatment is failed, these posts must be removed to facilitate successful nonsurgical retreatment. There have been many techniques such as ultrasonic instrument, Ruddle post removal system, Eggler post remover and Masserann kit developed to facilitate removal of posts from the root canal space. But these methods may be disadvantageous because long length of time required for post removal and fracture of post or teeth. In now days new post removal technique using ATD automatic bridge remover was introduced. Advantages of this method are simple and short time consuming compare to others. This article served as a successful case report of post removal using ATD automatic bridge remover.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.496-502
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• 2011

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of bee venom acupuncture therapy on the hair follicle growth by macroscopic, microscopic and immunohistochemical observation of skin 10 and 17 days after treatment. The results were as follows : Macroscopic hair follicle growth of 0.2 ml S.B.V. acupuncture treated group was more prominent than those of 0.1 ml S.B.V. acupuncture treated group and control group. Microscopic observation indicated that the hair follicle growth of control group reached anagen phase IV of hair growing cycle, and that of 0.1 ml and 0.2 ml S.B.V. acupuncture treated groups reached anagen phase VI and catagen, respectively. Immunohistochemical observations of the expression of various cytokines, enzymes and receptors in association with hair follicle cycle after local treatment of S.B.V. acupuncture therapy are as follows: Expression of fibroblast growth factor was more intense in epidermis and outer root sheath in 0.2 ml S.B.V. acupuncture treated group than that of 0.1 ml S.B.V. acupuncture treated group and control group. Expression of epidermal growth factor was more intense in bulge and outer root sheath in 0.2 ml S.B.V. acupuncture treated group than that of 0.1 ml S.B.V. acupuncture treated group and control group. Expression of c-kit receptor was more intense in epidermis, bulge and outer root sheath in 0.2 ml S.B.V. acupuncture treated group than that of control group. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor was more intense in epidermis, bulge and outer root sheath in 0.2 ml S.B.V. acupuncture treated group than that of control group. Expression of protein kinase C-${\alpha}$ was more intense in epidermis, bulge and outer root sheath in 0.2 ml S.B.V. acupuncture treated group than control group. It is concluded that bee venom acupuncture therapy promoted the expression of various cytokines, enzymes and receptors related to the hair growth cycle for hair growth. This findings indicates that bee venom acupuncture therapy is applicable to the treatment of hair loss.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.619-630
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• 2009

To investigate the hair growth activity of fractions and extract of Arisaematis Rhizoma in the hair removed skin of normal and spontaneous alopecia areata model in C57B/6N mice. These experiments were performed with the macroscopic, microscopic, immunohistochemical(VEGF, c-kit, PKC-${\alpha}$, TGF and FGF) and RT-PCR(TGF-${\beta}$, IGF, prolactin and placenta lactogen) methods. The results were as follows: Macroscopic observation after topical application of vehicle, 50% EtOH as control and extract of Arisaematis Rhizoma to the hair removed skin of C57BL/6N mice on the 9th, 11th and 15th day. Extensive hair growth activity was observed in treated group with extract of Arisaematis Rhizoma on the 9th, 11th and 15th day. In Arisaematis Rhizoma extracts treated group, hair follicles of middle stage of anagen was observed and it were grown down to subcutaneous tissue of skin in all the normal mice on 15th day. But in control group, most of hair follicles of telogen phase was observed in skin. The treatment of extract of Arisaematis Rhizoma increased expression of IGF(145%) and placenta lactogen(108%) in the skin of normal C57BL/6N mice on the 11th day compared to control group(100%). But expression of TGF-${\beta}$(90%) and prolactin(91%) decreased in the skin of normal C57B/6N mice on the 11th day compared to control group(100%). After application of fractions(chloroform, ethyl acetate and water fractions) of Arisaematis Rhizoma extract for 9th day, hair growth effect was observed in whole skin area in 50% of normal mice. But in control group, hair growth effect was not observed in whole skin area of normal mice. Immunoreactive density of VEGF, c-kit, PKC-${\alpha$ and FGF in skin of fractions of Arisaematis Rhizoma extracts was strongly stained in epidermis, bulge, secondary hair germ cells, cutaneous trunci m., subcutaneous tissue, root sheath compare to control group on the 9th day. In spontaneous alopecia areata model, The hair growth activity of Arisaematis Rhizoma extrat treated group(75%) was observed to be strong compared to control group(O%) on 7th day. These experiments suggest that fractions and extracts of Arisaematis Rhizoma may stimulate the topical hair growth activity. Thus it can be useful for treatment of alopecia areata.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.9-13
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• 2006

Objectives : To determine the DNA sequence of the 18S rRNA gene of the Rehmannia glutinosa and analyze it phylogenetically Methods : Dried root of the Rehmannia glutinosa was ground with a mortar and pestle. Glass beads(0.5 mm in diameter), TE buffer and SDS solution were added to that. The mixture was vortexed vigorously and extracted with the mixture of phenol, chloroform and isoamyl alcohol and with the mixture of the chloroform and isoamyl alcohol. The nucleic acids were precipitated with ethanol and resuspended in TE buffer. Contaminating RNA was digested with RNAse A and the DNA was purified further with the Geneclean Turbo Kit. This DNA was used as a template for amplification of the 18S rRNA gene by PCR. The PCR product was cloned in the pBluescript SK II plasmid by blunt-end ligation and the DNA sequence of the insert was determined. This DNA sequence was analyzed phylogenetically by the BLAST program. Results and Conclusion : Vortexing the ground powder of the dried plant root with glass beads during cell lysis improved recovery of DNA. The DNA sequence of the Rehmannia glutinosa 18S rRNA gene was determined and deposited at the GenBank as the accession number DQ469606. Phylogenetic analysis of that sequence showed the relationship between the members of the family of Scrophulariaceae and also the close relationship of the Buddleja davidii to the members of the Scrophulariaceae family.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.41-44
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the optimum transplanting time of Ostericum koreanum Kit. cultivating under root apex propagation. Transplanting time per 10 days were from March 20th to May 1st. The results are follows : Soil chemical properties before experiment were well adapted upland including moderate fertility. Average temperatures during cropping seasons except March late were lower than normal years, but rainfall was abundant than that of normal years. The ratios of emergence and bolting were higher in the faster transplanting time. And also plant height, stem length and number of stem were well. Yield components of transplanted April 1st were well, and yield was 251 kg/10a. The yield was increased by 13% than that of March 20th. So optimum transplanting time is considered about April 1st.