• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.384-390
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• 2012

Objective : The objective of this study was to investigate the morphologic characteristics between the vertebral body and the regions of the cervical and thoracic spinal cords where each rootlets branch out. Methods : Sixteen adult cadavers (12 males and 4 females) with a mean age of 57.9 (range of 33 to 70 years old) were used in this study. The anatomical relationship between the exit points of the nerve roots from the posterior root entry zone at each spinal cord segment and their corresponding relevant vertebral bodies were also analyzed. Results : Vertical span of the posterior root entry zone between the upper and lower rootlet originating from each spinal segment ranged from 10-12 mm. The lengths of the rootlets from their point of origin at the spinal cord to their entrance into the intervertebral foramen were 5.9 mm at the third cervical nerve root and increased to 14.5 mm at the eighth cervical nerve root. At the lower segments of the nerve roots (T3 to T12), the posterior root entry zone of the relevant nerve roots had a corresponding anatomical relationship with the vertebral body that is two segments above. The posterior root entry zones of the sixth (94%) and seventh (81%) cervical nerve roots were located at a vertebral body a segment above from relevant segment. Conclusion : Through these investigations, a more accurate diagnosis, the establishment of a better therapeutic plan, and a decrease in surgical complications can be expected when pathologic lesions occur in the spinal cord or vertebral body.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2007

There have been continuous efforts for automation of joint tracking system. This automation process is mainly used to do in root pass of gas metal arc welding in the field of heavy industry and shipbuilding etc. For automation, it is important using of vision sensor. Welding robot with vision sensor is used for weld seam tracking on welding fabrication. Recently, it is used to on post-weld inspection for weld quality evaluation. For real time seam tracking, it is very important role in vision process technique. Vision process is included in filtering and thinning, segmentation processing, feature extraction and recognition. In this paper, it has shown performance comparison results of seam tracking for real time root pass on gas metal arc welding. It can be concluded better segment splitting method than iterative averaging technique in the performance results of seam tracking.

• Plant Resources
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2001

The effect of carbenicillin on the dedifferentiation and the regeneration efficiency of plant tissues of horseradish(Armoracia rusticana) was evaluated, Inhibition effect for callus initiation was observed when leaf blade, root and petiole segments were grown on MS medium containing 500 mg/L to 2000 mg/L carbenicillin and 0.5 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The regeneration of horseradish shoots from leaf blade, root and petiole explants were decreased as the addition of carbenicillin increased from 1000 mg/L to 2000 mg/L in MS medium containing 0.5 mg/L of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) or kinetin. Especially, 500 mg/L carbenicillin treatment significantly inhibited shoot induction when leaf blade explants were grown on hormone-free MS medium. It was suggested that the toxic effects of combinations of carbenicillin and 2,4-D may be due to high auxin activity levels.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.75-80
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• 1998

부정근발생에 관한 도립 및 직립배양의 영향을 구명하기 위하여 6일간 자란 팥의 유경 절편을 사용하였다. $2\times10$^{-4}M$ IAA 용액을 48시간 처리할 때에 절편의 위치를 직립 또는 도립으로 배양 후 96시간 직립으로 배양하였다. 48시간 처리시 직립배양하면 부정근의 형성은 형태학적 기부에서만 발생하지만, 도립 전처리 배양을 하면 유경절편의 양끝에서 부정근이 발생하였다. IAA 전처리는 절편의 방향과 관계없이 부정근 형성을 촉진시켰다. 부정근 발생시기에 유경절편내의 생화학적 변화를 구명하기 위하여 직립배양 및 도립배양을 한 후 부정근 발생 단계별로 24시간, 48시간, 148시간 후 절편을 상부, 중부, 하부로 등분하여 부정근 발생에 수반되는 효소활성, 절편의 길이 신장 및 생중량을 측정하였다. 절편의 길이 신장은 절편의 상부에서 높게 나타났고 생중량은 발근부위에서 높게 나타났다. peroxidase을 catalase 활성은 부정근원기의 형성단계인 24시간에 절편의 발근부위에서 높게 나타났고 이에 비해 IAA oxidase는 양쪽 기부에서 낮았다. 그리고 IAA oxidase와 peroxidase 활성은 48시간 배양인 부정근의 형성동안 발근 부위에서 감소하였다. 도립전처리 유경 절편에 따라서 효소활성의 변화가 일어났으며 peroxidase의 활성은 부정근원기형성과 밀접한 관계를 나타내었다. 따라서 생화학적인 변화는 유경의 발근영역에서 IAA의 수준의 변화와 밀접하게 관련되어 특정부위에서의 부정근 형성을 유도하는 것으로 판단된 것이다.

• 대한구강악안면병리학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.153-158
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• 2018

Complicated crown-root fractures are considered rare occurrences in young permanent dentition; however, they often present complicated and unpredictable treatment options. The most common treatment option for crown-root fractured teeth is reattachment of fractured segment, but if it is thought impossible to maintain, it should be extracted. However, when unfavorable crown-root fracture occurs in the adolescents, extraction of fractured teeth is expected to be poor due to excessive resorption of alveolar and prosthetic replacement cannot be performed immediately, various treatment options should be considered. This report suggests root submergence in the complex crown-root fracture in growing patients is performed and the functional and aesthetic results including preservation of the alveolar bone are obtained.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.513-516
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• 2012

Objective : It is rare that the medial loop in the V2 segment of the vertebral artery (VA) causes compression of the proximal cervical root of the spinal cord without leading to bony erosion and an enlarged foramen. We evaluated the clinical significance and incidence of the medial loop in the V2 segment of the VA. Methods : We reviewed the records from 1000 consecutive patients who had undergone magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of the cervical spine between January 2005 and January 2008. The inclusion criteria were that over a third of the axial aspect of the VA located in the intervertebral foramen was inside the line between the most ventral points of the bilateral lateral mass, and that the ipsilateral proximal root deviated dorsally because of the medial loop of the VA. We excluded cases of bone erosion, a widened foramen at the medial loop of the VA, any bony abnormalities, tumors displacing VA, or vertebral fractures. The medical records were reviewed retrospectively to search for factors of clinical significance. Results : In six patients (0.6%), the VA formed a medial loop that caused compression of the proximal cervical root. One of these patients had the cervical radiculopathy that developed after minor trauma but the others did not present with cervical radiculopathy related to the medial loop of the VA. Conclusion : The medial loop of the VA might have a direct effect on cervical radiculopathy. Therefore, this feature should be of critical consideration in preoperative planning and during surgery.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.241-248
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• 2013

The wind turbine blade is a very important part of the rotor. Extraction of energy from wind depends on the design of blade. In this work, the analysis is done on a blade of length 38.95 m which is designed for V82-1.65 MW horizontal axis wind turbine (supplied by Vestas). The airfoil taken for the blade is NACA 634-221 which is same from root to tip. The analysis of designed blade is done in flap-wise loading. Two shapes of the spar are taken, one of them is of square shape and the other one is combination of square and cross shape. The blade and spar are of the same composite material. The Finite element analysis of designed blade is done in ANSYS. This work is focused on the two segments of blade, root segment and transition segment. Result obtained from ANSYS is compared with the experimental work.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.247-255
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• 2009

Root-knot nematode species, such as Meloidogyne hapla, M. incognita, M. arenaria, and M. javanica are the most economically notorious nematode pests, causing serious damage to a variety of crops throughout the world. In this study, DNA sequence analyses were performed on the D3 expansion segment of the 28S gene in the ribosomal DNA in an effort to characterize genetic variations in the three Meloidogyne species obtained from Korea and four species from the United States. Further, PCR-RFLP (Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism), SCAR (Sequence Characterized Amplified Region) PCR and RAPD (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA) were also utilized to develop methods for the accurate and rapid species identification of the root-knot nematode species. In the sequence analysis of the D3 expansion segment, only a few nucleotide sequence variations were detected among M. incognita, M. arenaria, and M, javanica, but not M. hapla. As a result of our haplotype analysis, haplotype 5 was shown to be common in M. arenaria, M. incognita, M. javanica, but not in the facultatively parthenogenetic species, M. hapla. PCR-RFLP analysis involving the amplification of the mitochondrial COII and large ribosomal RNA (lrRNA) regions yielded one distinct amplicon for M. hapla at 500 bp, thereby enabling us to distinguish M. hapla from M. incognita, M. arenaria, and M. javanica reproduced via obligate mitotic parthenogenesis. SCAR markers were used to successfully identify the four tested root-knot nematode species. Furthermore, newly attempted RAPD primers for some available root-knot nematodes also provided some species-specific amplification patterns that could also be used to distinguish among root-knot nematode species for quarantine purposes.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2010

A specific deleted version of ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR1 (ARR1) lacking the signal receiver domain (1.152 amino acids)-coding sequence, referred to as $ARR1{\Delta}DDK$, was amplified using Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA prepared from adult leaves and transferred into the genome of Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samsun under the transcriptional control of a ${\beta}$-estradiol-inducible expression system. The ectopic expression of $ARR1{\Delta}DDK$ affected the morphology of transgenic seedlings and their segments in vitro. In the presence of an inducer, ${\beta}$-estradiol, ectopic expression of $ARR1{\Delta}DDK$ induced only the formation of soft, pseudo-bulbous tissue in the root tip region of intact seedlings, which appeared similar to callus generated on a hypocotyl segment in the presence of 2,4-D and 6-benzyladenine (BA), both at $1\;{\mu}M$. Those callus tissues on the root tip region could not generate shoots unless $1\;{\mu}M$ BA was supplied. In segment culture, ectopic expression of $ARR1{\Delta}DDK$ induced calluslike tissue around the cut-end of cotyledon and hypocotyl segments with occasional shoot formation, suggesting that the expression of $ARR1{\Delta}DDK$ could substitute for the effects of cytokinin on these segments. Additionally, treatment with only ${\beta}$-estradiol induced NtWUS, a WUS ortholog in tobacco, which was detected during the process of callus tissue formation in the root tip region and also in cotyledon or hypocotyl segments. These findings suggest that the NtWUS might be associated in the transdifferentiation process caused by the functional regulation of $ARR1{\Delta}DDK$ in transgenic tobacco seedlings.

• 한국식물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물생명공학회 2003년도 식물바이오벤처 페스티발
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• pp.95-95
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• 2003