• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.121-125
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• 1983

Thirty eight mandibular second premolars were injected with china ink, decalcified, cleared and used in an in vitro study to determine the number of root canals, the frequency and location of lateral canals, the location of apical foramens, the frequency of apical deltas, and the curvature of root canals. The results were as follows: 1. Most of the teeth demonstrated single canal, but 5.3% of the teeth were found to have bifurcated or trifurcated canals. 2. Of the 40 canals studied, 52.5% of the canals were found to have lateral canals and these ramifications were usually located in the apical third of the root. 3. 7 apical foramens were located directly on the root apex and 31 foramens laterally. 4. 4 canals showed mesial curvature, 20 canals distal curvature, 11 canals buccal curvature, and 8 canals lingual curvature.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제21권6호통권169호
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• pp.467-472
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• 1983

Thirty seven human maxillary third mooars were injected with china ink, decalcified, cleared, and used in vitro study to determine the number of root canals the frequency and location of lateral canals, canals per root, and frequency of apical deltas. The results were as follows: 1. Less than half of the examined teeth showed 3 roots and 3 canals. 2. The mesiobuccal root was ound to contain a single primary canal in 65.4% of the teeth examined and two canals in 34.6% of the teeth studed. 3. In mesiobuccal roots with two canals, the separated apical foramen appeared 30.8% of the specimen concerned, but no common apical foramen appeared. 4. Of the 106 canals studied, 46.2% of the canals were found to contain lateral canals and these ramifications were mainly located in the apical third of the root.

• 대한치과보존학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한치과보존학회 2001년도 추계학술대회(제116회) 및 13회 Workshop 제3회 한ㆍ일 치과보존학회 공동학술대회 초록집
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• pp.563.2-563
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• 2001

C-shaped canal configuration is very difficult to treat because that clues about preoperative canal anatomy cannot be ascertained from clinical crown morphology and limited information can be derived from the radiographic examination. This study was done to get more informations about the root and canal configuration of C-shaped root by 3-dimentionally reconstructing for the purpose of enhancing success rate of endodontic treatment. 30 mandibular molars with C-shaped root were selected. Teeth had been extracted from periodontal problems with sound crown and root portion, including teeth with caries lesion limited crown portion only.(omitted)

• 대한치과보존학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한치과보존학회 2001년도 추계학술대회(제116회) 및 13회 Workshop 제3회 한ㆍ일 치과보존학회 공동학술대회 초록집
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• pp.554-554
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• 2001

C-shaped canal configuration is very difficult to treat because that clues about preoperative canal anatomy cannot be ascertained from clinical crown morphology and limited information can be derived from the radiographic examination. This study was done to get more informations about the root and canal configuration of C-shaped root by 3-dimentionally reconstructing for the purpose of enhancing success rate of endodontic treatment. 30 mandibular molars with C-shaped root were selected. Teeth had been extracted from periodontal problems with sound crown and root portion, including teeth with caries lesion limited crown portion only.(omitted)

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.27-31
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• 1976

Eighty mandibular first premolars were injected with china ink, decalcified, cleared and used in an in vitro study to determine the number of root canals, the frequency and location of lateral canals, the location of apical foramens, the frequency of apical deltas, and the curvature of root canals. The results were as follows: 1. Most of the teeth demonstrated single canal, but 22.5% of the teeth were found to have bifurcated or trifurcated canals. 2. Of the 99 canals studied, 37.3% of the canals were found to have lateral canals and these ramifications were usually located in the apical third of the root. 3. 27 apical foramens were located directly on the root apex and 66 foramens laterally. 4. 6 canals showed mesial curvature, 49 canals distal curvature, 11 canals buccal curvature, and 25 canals lingual curvature.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.68-73
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• 2016

This case report describes a unique C-shaped mandibular second premolar with four canals and three apical foramina and its endodontic management with the aid of cone-beam computer tomography (CBCT). C-shaped root canal morphology with four canals was identified under a dental operating microscope. A CBCT scan was taken to evaluate the aberrant root canal anatomy and devise a better instrumentation strategy based on the anatomy. All canals were instrumented to have a 0.05 taper using 1.0 mm step-back filing with appropriate apical sizes determined from the CBCT scan images and filled using a warm vertical compaction technique. A C-shaped mandibular second premolar with multiple canals is an anatomically rare case for clinicians, yet its endodontic treatment may require a careful instrumentation strategy due to the difficulty in disinfecting the canals in the thin root area without compromising the root structure.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.183-186
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• 1984

Thirty maxillary lateral incisors were injected with china ink, decalcified, cleared and used in an in vitro study to determine the number of root canals, the frequency and location of lateral canals, the location of apical foramens, the frequency of apical deltas, and the curvature of root canals. The results were as follows: 1. Most of the teeth demonstrated single canal, but 6.7% of the teeth were found to have bifurcated canals. 2. Of the 32 canals studied, 37.5% of the canals were found to have lateral canals and these ramifications were usually located in the and apical third of the root. 3. 9 apical foramens were located directly on the root apex and 21 foramens laterally. 4. 3 canals showed mesial curvature, 20 canals distal curvature, 4 canals labial curvature, and 3 canals palatal curvature.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.12-16
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• 1977

One hundred human maxillary first molars were injected with china ink, decalcified, cleared, and used in vitro study to determine the number of root canals, the frequency and location of lateral canals, canals per root, and frequency of apical deltas. The results were as follows; 1. The mesiobuccal root was found to contain a single primary canal in 53% of the teeth studied and two canals in 47 % of the teeth studied. 2. In mesiobuccal roots with two canals, the seperated apical foramen appeared 32% of the specimens and the common apical foramen 15% of the specimens. 3. Of the 347 canals studied, 26.9% of the canals were found to contain lateral canals and these ramifications were mainly located in the apical third of the root.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.83-86
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• 1980

Fifty human maxillary second molars were injected with china ink, decalcified, cleared, and used in vitro study to determine the number of root canals, the frequency and location of lateral canals, canals per root, and frequency of apical deltas. The results were as follows. 1. The mesiobuccal root was found to contain a single primary canal in 62% of the teeth studied and two canals in 38% of the teeth studied. 2. In mesiobuccal roots with two canals, the seperated apical foramen appeared 24% of the specimens and the common apical foramen 14% of the specimens. 3. Of the 169 canals studied, 23.1% of the canals were found to contain lateral canals and these ramifications were mainly located in the apical third of the root.

• 대한치주과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한치주과학회 1994년도 제34회 종합학술대회
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• pp.54-54
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• 1994