• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.234-238
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• 2001

Percutaneous laser discectomy has potential advantages over conservative therapy and classical open surgery as a minimally invasive procedure, although clinical experiences are limited. We experienced a patient treated with herniated lumbar discs using Nd：YAG laser. A 55-year-old woman complained of severe back pain with sciatica on L4/5 and L5/S1 dermatome for several months. The MRI finding showed bulging discs at L4/5 and L5/S1. Epidural, transsacral and root block treatments were attempted without effect. Under fluoroscopic guidance, a 14 G biopsy needle was inserted into the L4/5 and L5/S1 disc spaces to the margin of the nucleus pulposus. Laser irradiation for vaporization of tissue was performed at 20 W/second to 1200 J. A laser fiber ($600{\mu}m$) was advanced 1 cm from the tip of the needle. At the end of the procedure, the patient began to feel relief of pain (VAS changed from 9 to 4) and was discharged the same day after staying 2 hours in the recovery room. Antibiotics were administered for prevention of discitis. She had no complaints of pain until the 1-month follow up visit. Percutaneous laser discetomy technique has the disadvantages of expensive equipment, high temperature and amount of vaporing disc tissue is empirical. However, this technique, as one of the therapeutic modalities for disc herniation, provides faster relief from acute attack than conservative management techniques in carefully selected patients with sciatica due to disc prolapse.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.874-883
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• 2011

Many studies have shown that the steamed root of Rehmannia glutinosa (SRG), which is widely used in the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases in the context of Korean traditional medicine, is effective for improving cognitive and memory impairments. The purpose of this study was to examine whether SRG extracts improved memory defects caused by administering scopolamine (SCO) into the brains of rats. The effects of SRG on the acetylcholinergic system and proinflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus were also investigated. Male rats were administered daily doses of SRG (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, i.p.) for 14 days, 1 h before scopolamine injection (2 mg/kg, i.p.). After inducing cognitive impairment via scopolamine administration, we conducted a passive avoidance test (PAT) and the Morris water maze (MWM) test as behavioral assessments. Changes in cholinergic system reactivity were also examined by measuring the immunoreactive neurons of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and the reactivity of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) in the hippocampus. Daily administration of SRG improved memory impairment according to the PAT, and reduced the escape latency for finding the platform in the MWM. The administration of SRG consistently significantly alleviated memory-associated decreases in cholinergic immunoreactivity and decreased interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$) and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) mRNA expression in the hippocampus. The results demonstrated that SRG had a significant neuroprotective effect against the neuronal impairment and memory dysfunction caused by scopolamine in rats. These results suggest that SRG may be useful for improving cognitive functioning by stimulating cholinergic enzyme activities and alleviating inflammatory responses.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.492-498
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• 2009

We sought to evaluate the relationship between the mandibular canal and impacted mandibular third molars by using dental cone beam computed tomograph(CBCT) for third molar surgery. A total of 111 patients(177 teeth) offered the images through CBCT and panoramic radiography for the extraction of the mandibular third molars. In CBCT, the accurate relationship between the third molar and the mandibular canal were evaluated. In panoramic radiographies, we evaluated the impacted level and superimposition sign of the mandibular third molar with the mandibular canal, and also, the radiopacity of the white line in the canal. Data were statistically analyzed and estimated by $X^2$-test. In CBCT finding, high prevalence of contact between the mandibular canal and roots occured in the deep impacted third molars, narrowing mandibular canals, bending mandibular canals and cases where the radiopacity of white line of canals were "absence" on panoramic images. It showed statistical significance (P<0.05). When evaluating the mandibular canal and the roots through the panoramic radiography for third molar extraction, it could be difficult to diagnosis accurately. Thus, it is required to have an accurate diagnostic approach through CBCT that could evaluated the location between mandibular canal and root.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 1978

It has been studied that aminoacetonitrile was associated with the inhibition of collagen fiber, argyrophilic fiber and oxytalan fiber synthesis. This experiment was performed, by the basic knowledge of above mentioned study, to study on the biological effect of aminoacetonitrile to the developing periodontal ligament in Sprague Dawley rat. twenty two of female rats weighing about 200gm were gestated. In 7 days after gestation, the experimental rats were injected aminoacetonitrile 7 times intraperitoneally. After parturition, delivered fJtuses were divided into 4 groups and each group was sacrificed to 1 day, 7 days, 14 days, and 21 days after delivery, schematically. All the fetuses were observed on their periodontal ligament by histological and histo chemical methods. To study on the components of periodontal ligament fiber in these experimental study van Gieson, Masson's trichrom, argyrophilic fiber, oxytalan fiber, methyl green pyronin and periodic acid-Shiff staining were performed. Results were as follows; 1) Retardation of functional orientation in periodontal ligament collagen fiber was observed in 1 day fetuses hut this appearance was diminished gradually and recovered in normal condition in 7 days fetuses. 2) Distribution of argyrophilic fiber in 1 day fetuses was oriented delicately and loosely but volume of this fiber was gradually thickened and distributed densely. 3) Oxytalan fiber was oriented dendritic ally and contradictorily in 14 days fetuses but their orientation was changed into oblique form in middle portion of roof and their numbers were increased gradually. 4) Pyronin-philic stain of fibroblast was gradually deepened in 7 days fetuses and this finding also suggested to the depreciation of collagen synthesis in this specimen. 5) PAS positive line was observed continuousely at the portion of cervical to the middle root surface.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) leg patterns on muscle activation of paretic and nonparetic arm in post-stroke hemiparetic subjects. Methods: Eighteen hemiparetic patients participated in this study. Each subject was asked to perform four PNF leg patterns against maximal manual resistance on nonparetic leg. EMG data were collected from biceps and triceps on the paretic and nonparetic side. The measured EMG data was digitized and processed to root mean square (RMS) and expressed as percentage maximal voluntary isometric contraction (％MVIC). The data were analyzed using paired t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures to determine the statistical significance. Results: The results of this study were summarized as follows: Firstly, during four PNF patterns application, all of the ％MVIC values of biceps and triceps in paretic and nonparetic arms increased significantly compared with resting condition (p<0.05). Secondly, there was a significant difference in ％MVIC of paretic biceps between PNF leg pattern 1 and 4 (p<0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, regardless of the kinematic components of PNF leg patterns, all of the muscle activation of biceps and triceps in paretic and nonparetic arm was significantly increased. The finding of this study indicates that irradiation effect caused by PNF leg patterns is beneficial for increased muscle activation of both paretic and nonparetic arms in post-stroke patients.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.1944-1950
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• 2014

Employment of a time consuming, sophisticated calculation using the all-atom force field and generalized-Born implicit solvent model (GBIS) for refinement of NMR structures has become practical through advances in computational methods and capacities. GBIS refinement improves the qualities of the resulting NMR structures with reduced computational times. However, the contribution of GBIS to NMR structures has not been sufficiently studied in a quantitative way. In this paper, we report the effects of GBIS on the refined NMR structures of ubiquitin (UBQ) and GB1 with subsets of distance restraints derived from experimental data. Random omission prepared a series of distance restraints 0.05, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 times smaller. For each number, we produced five different restraints for statistical analysis. We then recalculated the NMR structures using CYANA software, followed by GBIS refinements using the AMBER package. GBIS improved both the precision and accuracy of all the structures, but to varied levels. The degrees of improvement were significant when the input restraints were insufficient. In particular, GBIS enabled GB1 to form an accurate structure even with distance restraints of 5%, revealing that the root-mean-square deviation was less than 1 ${\AA}$ from the X-ray backbone structure. We also showed that the efficiency of searching the conformational space was more important for finding accurate structures with the calculation of UBQ with 5% distance restraints than the number of conformations generated. Our data will provide a meaningful guideline to judge and compare the structural improvements by GBIS.

• 대한장애인치과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.14-18
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• 2017

본 증례에서는 본과에서 발견한 임상적인 특징을 통해 X 염색체 우성 저인산혈증성 구루병으로 진단받아 13년간 의과적 및 치과적인 처치를 받고 있는 환아에 대해 보고하였다. 의과적으로 환아는 저신장 및 휜 다리 등의 전형적인 구루병 증상을 나타내었고, 치과적으로도 넓은 치수강, 상아법랑경계까지 연장된 치수각 및 자발적 치아농양 등의 전형적인 증상을 나타내었다. 본 환아는 정기적인 검진을 통해 유구치와 영구 소구치 및 대구치 모두 치면열구전색 및 수복치료 등을 적극적으로 시행해왔다. 그러나 예방적인 처치에도 불구하고 유치열에서는 총 8개의 치아에서 치아 우식에 이환 없이 자발적 치아농양이 발생하여 치수절제술을 시행하였으며, 조기 상실 등의 합병증 없이 영구치교환 시점까지 유지할 수 있었다. 영구치열에서는 그 빈도가 낮아졌으나 하악 우측 제1, 2대구치에서 발생한 자발적 치아농양으로 치료를 완료하였다. 앞으로 치아교모 등의 원인으로 영구치에서 발생할 수 있는 치아농양을 예방하기 위해 예방적인 전장관수복치료가 필요하리라 생각된다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:컴퓨팅의 실제 및 레터
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.425-429
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• 2009

최근 Chen 등은 태그 인증 시 서버의 전수조사를 막기 위해 제곱근을 구하는 어려움에 기반한 이차잉여를 이용한 상호인증기법을 제안하였다. 하지만 리더가 인증시작 시 악의적으로 같은 랜덤 값을 보내는 경우 태그의 위치가 노출되는 문제가 발생한다. 또한 제한된 연산능력을 가진 저가태그에 해쉬함수와 제곱연산을 동시에 수행해야 하는 어려움이 존재한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 Chen 등의 기법을 살펴보고, 이 기법이 갖는 문제점을 지적한다. 또한 태그에서 인증 시마다 랜덤 값을 새롭게 생성하여 위치추적에 안전하며, Chen 등의 기법과 달리 제곱연산만을 사용함으로써 보다 효율적인 이차잉여기반의 상호인증 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 기법은 중앙 서버의 전수조사 없이 태그 인증이 가능하며 인증 시마다 비밀값의 갱신 없이도 전방향안전성을 만족하여 비밀값 동기화 과정이 필요 없다.

• 감성과학
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to reveal concrete evidence on how aesthetic preference is applied in product design by countries. Since the 19th century, the proportion has been examined various times, and the conclusions consistently showed the strong preference for the golden ratio (1:1.618). However, previous studies are mainly focused on western products that were designed by western designers, so when the same experiment conducted for the first time in Asia with the question of 'Is the Asian subjects also likes the golden ratio?', the result clearly revealed that Korean subjects have a significant preference for the root ratio (1:1.414) and perfect square (1:1). It demonstrates that proportion preference might be different by countries, and it also influences on everyday products. Moreover, there is not enough evidence of Asian product proportions. For this reason, this study will strive to expand the knowledge on Asian aesthetic preference by focusing on Japanese automobiles that were designed and produced in Japan. 55 iconic Japanese automobiles were analyzed for proportion and compared with 50 iconic German automobiles. The result shows that Japanese automobiles have a shorter length of 7:10 (1:1.414) ratio than German automobiles with 13:23 (1:1.769) ratio. This result proves that there is the difference in preference for the proportion of Japan and Germany, and it has already influenced on automobile proportions. This result has a strong value that finding the most appropriate proportion of automotive design is a major issue in new product development, so this can be adapted to various fields of the design process where strong cultural value exists.

• 복식
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• 제54권8호
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• pp.129-146
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• 2004

The Purpose of this study is to search the characteristics of aesthetic sense from the spiritual root of anti-decoration culture in contemporary Japanese fashion and find the aesthetic meanings inside contemporary Japanese fashion. This study considered contemporary Japanese fashion design from 1970 to 2000 to figure out the anti-decoration culture in contemporary Japanese fashion. The contents of this study are 1. surveying the historical change about the aesthetic sense of Japanese anti-decoration culture. 2. deducing the distinctive aesthetic ideology from the anti-decoration culture 3. finding aesthetically the inside meaning of anti-decoration culture in contemporary Japanese fashion. The conclusion on this study is as the followings. Anti-decoration culture has three aesthetic ideology. First, faintful aesthetics implies the aesthetic ideologies of Wabi, Sabi from Heian period and it appears the aesthetic sense to be natural beauty. simplicity, minimalism and temperance. Second, ambivalence aesthetics is based on nothingness and has the characteristic of multivocal and variableness without biased view. Third. playful aesthetics has the meaning of humorous. witty and mischievous which is the basic factor of Japanese formative arts. The aesthetic range of this study are the beauty of simplicity. poverty, incompletion, vagueness and humor. First, beauty of simplicity is composed of minimal lines and area through strict temperance and elimination. Second, beauty of poverty came from the aesthetic concept of Wabi which means honorable poverty and plainness. Third, beauty of incompletion means emptiness which is within the range of possibility. Forth, beauty of vagueness could be explained as incorporeal, colorlessness and voiceless. Fifth, Okashi which was the middle ages in Japan, shows the vein of humor in anti-decoration culture. As a result, anti-decoration culture does not mean the opposite of decoration culture, but accomplishes extreme artificial beauty by strict temperance and elimination. Also it is concerned as intentional poverty of decorative effect.