• Advances in environmental research
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.207-216
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• 2014

A study was conducted to determine the phytotoxic effect of mercury on seed germination and seedling growth of an important arid legume tree Albizia lebbeck. The seeds germination and seedling growth performance of A. lebbeck responded differently to mercuric chloride treatment (1 mM, 3 mM, 5 mM and 7 mM) as compared to control. Seed germination of A. lebbeck was significantly (p < 0.05) affected by mercury treatment at 1 mM. Root growth of A. lebbeck was not significantly affected by mercury treatment at 1 mM, and 3 mM. Shoot and root length of A. lebbeck were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by 5 mM concentration of mercury treatment. Increase in concentration of mercury treatment at 5 mM and 7 mM significantly (p < 0.05) reduced seedling dry weight of A. lebbeck. The treatment of mercury at 1 mM decreased high percentage of seed germination (22%), seedling length (10%), root length (21.85%) and seedling dry weight (9%). Highest decrease in seed germination (51%), seedling (34%), root length (48%) and seedling dry weight (41%) of A. lebbeck occurred at 7 mM mercury treatment. A. lebbeck showed high percentage of tolerance (78.14%) to mercury at 1 mM. However, 7 mM concentration of mercury produced lowest percentage of tolerance (51.65%) in A. lebbeck. The seed germination potential and seedling vigor index (SVI) clearly decreased with the higher level of mercury. Plantation of A. lebbeck in mercury-polluted area will help in reducing the burden of mercury pollution. A. lebbeck can serve better in coordinating in land management programs in metal contaminated areas. The identification of the toxic concentration of metals and tolerance indices of A. lebbeck would also be helpful for the establishment of air quality standard.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.294-300
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• 1985

This experiment was carried out to study the root and the other major agronomic traits of barley cultivars at the greenhouse and natural conditions for the accelerating of breeding generation. The barley cultivars tested in this experiment were Kangbori, Olbori and Suwon 18. In early stages, total dry weight of barley was vigorously increased at the greenhouse condition, whereas it was less increased than that of natural condition after heading stages. In dry root weight, it was decreased at natural condition rather than greenhouse condition. The appearance of harvest dry root weight was at four weeks after heading at natural condition and seven weeks after heading at greenhouse condition, respectively. It showed different tendency in T/R ratio, indicating the continuous increased at natural and greenhouse condition, even if there is more or less decrease until tillering stage at greenhouse condition.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.65-73
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• 1994

Earthworm cast was investigated in this study in order to domestically develop inexpensive and safe plug nursery soil. 20,30,40 and 50% of earthworm cast were added to the nursery soil as vegetable plant growth media, in which peatmoss and vermiculite constituted the rest of the soil. The effects of earthworm cast on the growth of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seedling were obtained as follows. 1. According to the growth stages, significant differences(p=0.001) were recorded in number of leaves, leaf area and biological dry matter yield per plant(shoor or root dry matter yield per plant). In view of mixing ratios in the nursery soil, number of leaves, leaf area and stem weight per plant showed differences significantly at 1% level and leaf weight, root weight and biological dry weight per plant at 5% level, respectively. 2. The nursery soil with earthworm cast showed increased number of leaves and leaf area per plant compared to the commercial nursery soil particularly in the later stage of this study than in the earlier stage 3. Through the total period of seedling growth, leaf weight, stem weight and root weight per plant in the nursery soil with earthworm cast were genrally higher than those in the control and this trend was apparant in the treatment of more than 40% of mixing ratio with earthworm cast. 4. Although leaf weight per plant was higher than stem weight per plant till the 3rd week, from the 4th week stem weight per plant was getting higher. In the later stage of seedling growth, the stem weight was higher in the earthworm cast mixed treatment than that in the control. 5. There was no significant difference on biological dry matter yield in the earlier stage of this study, however in the later stage, it was higher in the earthworm cast mixed treatment than that in the control.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 1997

The effects of carbon and nitrogen sources on the mycelial growth and sporulation of microconidia and chlamydospores of five isolates of Cylindrocarpon destructans (Zinssm.) Scholten causing root rot of Panax ginseng were studied. For the carbon sources, fructose, glucose, maltose, and sucrose in Czapek-Dox broth showed good mycelial growth of 178∼201 mg in dry weight compared with 64 mg of the control. The best carbon sources tested for conidial formation were sucrose and maltose with 2.75 and 3.03 log conidia/ml, respectively. For the nitrogen sources, aspartic acid, NaNO3, KNO3, arginine, threonine, and leucine increased mycelial growth of the fungi to 208∼231 mg in dry weight without significant difference (p=0.05) among them. Meanwhile the growth with cystine was poor (26.3 mg dry weight), and no conidium and chlamydospore were formed. Maximum microconidial formation was observed in the media with NaNO3 and KNO3 as 3.37 and 3.35 log conidia/ml, and for the chlamydospore formation the (NH4)2SO4-containing medium and the nitrogen-absent medium were the best as 3.40 and 3.57 log chlamydospores/ml, respectively. No conidium was found in the medium without nitrogen sources, in which chlamydospore formation increased 6 times more than in the nitrogen-amended medium. However, deletion of carbon source in the medium did not affect on the formation of conidia and chlamydospores of C. destructans.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.586-596
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• 2020

Chionanthus retusus has been used for landscaping and gardening trees, foods and medicines. This study was carried out to analyze the effect of fertilization on the growth performance of container seedlings (1-year-old) in C. retusus. We used multifeed 19 (MF) as a fertilizer, and measured the height, root collar diameter (RCD), biomass, seedling quality index (SQI) chlorophyll contents and chlorophyll fluorescence of the seedlings. The findings of this paper showed that the height, RCD, H/D ratio, T/R ratio and the fresh and dry weight of seedlings increased after fertilization. The moisture content of the stem and root did not show any significant difference among fertilizations, except in the case of the leaf. Production distribution such as the dry weight ratio of leaves and the stem dry weight ratio of fertilized seedlings had a higher value than that of non-treatment. SQI was the highest in MF 1,000 mg/L and 2,000 mg/L treatment. Chlorophyll contents (SPAD value) also increased with the increase in fertilization concentrations. Chlorophyll fluorescence (F_v/F_m) showed the highest value of 0.8 in MF 2,000 mg/L treatment.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 1992

This experiment was carried out in order to study the changes of morphological characters of the growth and thatch accumulation in :3 varieties of Kentucky bluegrass under removing clipping residues as affected by cutting management. The varieties used were Park, Kenhiuc and Newport.The results obtained are as follows; 1. The dry weight of leaf. stem and number of tiller was highest at 22. June and lowest at 21. Aug in alt varieties. And then the dry weight of rhizome, root and thatch increased with growth progressed) Tabte 3). 2. The relationship of the dry weight of biological yield and number of tillers was quadratic ally increased in the growth stage of spring($R^2$= 0.982**), and linearlly increased in the growth stage of autumn(r 0.944*)(Fig. 1). :3. The dry weight of thatch increased as an exponentially equation in alt :3 varieties of Kentucky blue-grass(Fig. 2). Thatch increased rate(TIR) can used to estimate the specifying a quantity of thatch accumulation from the turf. Thatch increase rate equation as follows. where TH$_2$ is the dry weightof thatch at T$_2$ survey time and TH$_1$ is the dry weight of thatch at $TH_1$ is the dry weight of thatch at $T_1$ survey time. $TIR(mg/cm^2/day)=\frac{Ln\;TH_2 - Ln\; TH_1}{T_2 - T_1}$ 4. Correlation coefficients between the dry weight of thatch and leaf weight was -0.633(P>0.05), and number of tiller of tillers was -0.666(P>0.5), respectively. It means that thatch accumu-lation increased with growth depression of leaf and stem.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.353-365
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of cultural methods(cutting, flower removal) on growth and quality of B. falcatum L. Jeongseon local cultivar collected in Korea and Mishima local cultivar introduced from Japan were used. Some of the results obtained are as follows; Jeongseon local cultivar showed less stem branches and shoot weight compared to Mishima. However, Jeongseon local cultivar showed tall plant height, high root fresh and dry weight, and high levels of saikosaponin-a and total-saikosaponin, but low saikosaponin-c content than that of Mishima. Both cultivars seeded on March 20 had longer main root, bigger stem diameter, few stem branch, and high saikosaponin-c content compared with those of late seeded one, April 30. Growth characteristics such as plant height, stem diameter, stem branch number, shoot weight, root diameter, root fresh and dry weight, and root branch number were increased in a low planting $density(30{\times}15\;cm)$, but the content of saikosaponin was not affected by planting density. Jeongseon and Mishima cultivars seeded on April 10 with $30{\times}15\;cm$ planting density and April 30 with $30{\times}10\;cm$ planting density contained highest total saikosaponin levels, respectively. However, average root dry weight was not affected by planting time or density in both Bupleurum cultivars. Both cutting and flower removal increased the length of main root, fresh and root weight, and saikosaponin-a, saikosaponin-d and total-saikosaponin in Jeongseon cultivar than that of Mishima. As the harvesting time was delayed, plant height, stem diameter, shoot weight, length of main root, root fresh and dry weight were increased, but content of saikosaponin-a, saikosaponin-d and total-saikosaponin were decreased.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2015

A pot experiment was conducted to assess the effects of red pepper (Capsicum annuum) and coriander (Coriandrum sativum) on seedling growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum). The aqueous extracts treatment of red pepper and coriander showed a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in root, shoot and seedling length, number of leaves and seedling dry weight of wheat (T. aestivum) as compared to control. The inhibitory different effect on growth of wheat (T. aestivum) was directly proportional to the increasing concentration (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5%) of aqueous extracts of red pepper and coriander as compared to control treatment (0%). The root, shoot, seedling length and number of leaves of T. aestivum significantly p < 0.05 decreased at 5% concentration of red pepper as compared to control. The root, shoot and seedling growth of T. aestivum was also significantly reduced at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% concentration of coriander as compared to control. The root, shoot and leaves dry weight of T. aestivum at 5% coriander extract treatment concentration decreased as compared to control. The tolerance in seedlings of T. aestivum to red pepper and coriander extract treatment was dose dependent as compared to control. The seedlings of T. aestivum showed low percentage of tolerance to pepper extract treatment than coriander extract treatment.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.256-261
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• 1994

To investigate the effects of topping method on the yield and major agronomic traits of three varieties differed in plant type of Hibiscus manihot the experiments were carried out Mokpo Branch Station of Crop Experiment Station, in 1993. Fresh weight of root, dry weight of culm, dry weight of capsule and dry matter ratio on root were highest in the long culmed variety, and at the plots with topping of growing point in main culm and branches(Treatment No.3). Considering from the above results, optimum topping method seemed to be topping of growing point in main culm and branches in the long culmed variety.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.317-326
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• 2002

This study was conducted to determine the optimum planting dates and density of one year old Bupleurum falcatum L. to improve its productivity and quality. Two cultivars of B. falcatum, originated from Jeongseon, Korea and Mishima, Japan were used. Some of the results obtained are as follows : Jeongseon cultivar showed less stem branches and shoot weight compared to Mishima. However, Jeongseon cultivar showed tall plant height, high root fresh and dry weight, and high levels of saikosaponin, but low saikosaponin content than that of Mishima. Both cultivars seeded on March 20 had long main root, big stem diameter, few stem branch, and high saikosaponin c content compared to those of late seeded one, April 30. Growth characteristics such as plant height, stem diameter, stem branch number, shoot weight, root diameter, root fresh and dry weight, and root branch number were increased in a low planting $density(30\;{\times}\;15cm)$, but the content of saikosaponin was not affected by planting density. Jeongseon and Mishima cultivars seeded on April 10 with $30\;{\times}\;15cm$ planting density and April 30 with $30\;{\times}\;10cm$ planting density contained the highest total saikosaponin levels, respectively. However, average root dry weight were not affected by planting time or density in both Bupleurum cultivars.