• 건축역사연구
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.7-19
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• 2013

The formation of modern architecture during the Weimar Republic in Germany is seen through the works by Bruno Taut, one of the leading architects during that period. Through the extensive literature readings on Bruno Taut and critical analysis of Bruno Taut's ideologies, his works and the circumstances that he was in, the contention of this paper is that the root of modern architecture has less to do with functionalism and new technologies, but more to do with need to express new ideologies and expressions of their view of a new society. Although the socialistic idea did not account for sole reason for influencing their architecture, it did play a considerable part in deciding what architectural expressions are preferred. For this discourse this paper limits Bruno Taut's years from 1913 to 1932 prior to his exile from Germany; 1913 to 1923 being the years that constitute theoretical activities and 1923 to 1932 being the golden years for social housing when he participated on many public housing projects. It was during this period that his architecture put importance of practicality, and utilitarian; however the transition was not an abrupt departure from his expressionistic architecture but an inclusive act on his part.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.46-55
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• 2007

This study was carried out to analyze both the root structure and the fine root phytomass of the vertical and horizontal distribution of Zelkova serrata Makino. which was transplanted in the reclaimed land from the sea in Gwangyang, Jeonnam, South Korea. The base ground was reclaimed land from the sea. $Z_1$ of the planting ground was filled to a $100{\sim}150cm$ thickness with the improved soil instead of the reclaimed soil from the sea, $Z_2$ of the planting ground was covered to a $20{\sim}30cm$ thickness with the improved soil and $Z_3$ of the planting ground was mounded to 120cm thickness with the improved soil on the reclaimed land from the sea. In addition, $Z_4,\;Z_5\;and\;Z_6$ of the planting grounds were at the large-sized mound on the reclaimed land from the sea. $Z_4$ of the planting ground was located at the lowest level, $Z_5$ planting ground was located at the slope and $Z_6$ planting ground was located at the top of the large-sized mound. The large-sized mounds contain 3 layers, the base layer was reclaimed land from the sea and the second layer was mounded to a $200{\sim}300cm$ thickness with the desalinized soil from the sea on the base layers and the finally layers were mounded to a $80{\sim}120cm$ thickness with improved soil on the second layer. The planting grounds $Z_3,\;Z_4,\;Z_5\;and\;Z_6$ developed roots such as tap roots, lateral roots and heart roots. However, in $Z_1\;and\;Z_2$ roots development were inhibited. The fine-root phytomass of the 6 planting ground types was as follows: $113.5g\;DM/m^2$ for $Z_5$, $105.5g\;DM/m^2$ for $Z_4$, $88.3g\;DM/m^2$ for $Z_3$, $81.0g\;DM/m^2$ for $Z_6$, $73.0g\;DM/m^2$ for $Z_2$, $43.3g\;DM/m^2$ for $Z_1$. The vertical distribution of the fine root phytomass decreased from the upper to the deeper soil profiles in the 6 mound types. The fine root phytomass was $43.3{\sim}71.8%$ in a $0{\sim}20cm$ thickness of soil layer and it decreased according to the distance from the nearest trees. The root growth in the improved soil was better than in the reclaimed soil from the sea. However, root growth decreased more in the disturbed soils even though the planting grounds contained the improved soils. The retarded development of roots and the spatial distribution patterns of the fine root phytomass were closely connected to the reclaimed soil from the sea. In the disturbed soil, the soil hardness and alkalic cation($Na^+,\;K^+,\;Ca^{2+},\;Mg^{2+}$). were high and the soil water was lacking. We suggest that the construction of planting grounds and the improvement of bad soil are necessary for the proper and effective growth of landscaping plants.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.27-40
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• 2021

본 연구는 현재 우리나라에 생산·유통·식재되고 있는 조경수목의 근원직경 측정에 따른 실무자들의 분쟁실태와 합리적인 근원직경 측정위치 설정에 대하여 조사·분석하였다. 조경 실무자들 연령에 따른 '근원직경 측정기준 적정성'에 대한 의식 차이는 통계학적으로 분산분석(Analysis of Variance, ANOVA)을 한 결과, 유의수준 p<0.05에서 차이가 있었다. 조경실무자들의 연령에 따라 조경수목의 근원직경 측정에 대하여 적정성에 대한 차이가 있는 것은 나이가 적을수록 현장경험 차이 등 세대간 의식 차이로 생각되었다. 조경수목의 '근원직경 측정의 모호성'에서는 통계학적으로 분산분석(Analysis of Variance, ANOVA) 결과, 유의수준 p<0.05에서 차이가 있는 것은 직위별이었다. '조경수목 측정기준 개선'에서는 통계학적으로 유의수준 p<0.05에서 차이가 있는 것은 직장유형별이었다. 조경수목 측정기준개선에 대하여 직장유형별로 차이가 있는 것은 발주처와 시공사간 수직적 관계로 분쟁이 많기 때문으로 생각되었다. 조경수목 굴취 시 '표토층 제거방지'에서 통계학적으로 유의수준 p<0.00에서 차이가 있는 것은 연령별이었고, 유의수준 p<0.01에서 차이가 있는 것은 직종별이었으며, 유의수준 p<0.05에서 차이가 있는 것은 근무지역별이었다. 조경수목 굴취 시 '표토 제거와 이식 후 활착'에 대한 의식은 유의미한 차이는 없었다. 조경수목 '근원직경 측정기준 모호에 따른 분쟁 발생'은 직장별, 직종별, 직위별, 근무경력별 전체 평균이 3.85점으로 높았고, 공공기관보다는 조경업체가 더 높았으며, 직위가 높고 경력이 많을수록 분쟁 정도가 높았다. 조경수목 '근원직경 측정의 적정 높이에 대한 의식'은 지하부(33.0%)보다는 지상부(66.5%)의 직경측정을 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 이식을 위한 조경수목 굴취 시 표토 제거는 지하 평균깊이 -2cm~-4cm가 84.0% 정도로 많았으며, 표토 제거 목적은 '규격과 단가를 높이기 위하여'가 전체의 59.7%로 나타났다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.507-524
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• 2019

A Bayesian dynamic linear model (BDLM) is presented for a data-driven analysis for response prediction and load effect separation of a revolving auditorium structure, where the main loads are self-weight and dead loads, temperature load, and audience load. Analyses are carried out based on the long-term monitoring data for static strains on several key members of the structure. Three improvements are introduced to the ordinary regression BDLM, which are a classificatory regression term to address the temporary audience load effect, improved inference for the variance of observation noise to be updated continuously, and component discount factors for effective load effect separation. The effects of those improvements are evaluated regarding the root mean square errors, standard deviations, and 95% confidence intervals of the predictions. Bayes factors are used for evaluating the probability distributions of the predictions, which are essential to structural condition assessments, such as outlier identification and reliability analysis. The performance of the present BDLM has been successfully verified based on the simulated data and the real data obtained from the structural health monitoring system installed on the revolving structure.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2006

Contemporary society is lately going through various changes in social, economic, and cultural aspects due to rapid growth of information and computer technology. The digital revolution generated from the development of network reflects the decentralizing characteristic that connects local and personal interconnections. The following paper is designed to develop a basic understanding of digital architecture and show that digital virtual reality is not accidental phenomenon but it is actually evolved from nature and recreated in cyber space. The relationship between nature and digital architecture will be explained through the background research of how digital architecture was born and how it has been transformed. Also, it is designed to find out modern trends of digital architecture through diagrams and virtual space of hyper architecture and follow up the new phenomena appearing in the field of architecture. It is said that digital architecture is a new trend of architecture created from computer bit but all architecture that has form and shape cannot be independent of nature. Nature is the root of everything and even mechanical abstraction such as 'digital' can find its form in the immanence melted in the pure essence of nature. The research found that the nature approach of digital architecture also needs no more than 5 sequential references to find its genuine sketch as the hypertext theory shows we need only 5 sequential references to prove we are all related. Additionally, the cyber space that is become a general living space and a indispensable factor of digital architecture is a space that has obscurity and more open culture. It represents the characteristics of contemporaries in various aspects of society.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2008

In the load-carrying fillet weldments, which are common in ship structures, fatigue cracks can occur at the weld root, in addition to the weld toe. In particular, fatigue cracks originating from the weld root are difficult to detect and cause a significant reduction in the fatigue strength of a weldment. Therefore, it is important to note the fatigue failure mode of load-carrying fillet weldment. In this study, a series of fatigue test was carried out for the fatigue strength evaluation of longi-web connections that are typical kinds of the load-carrying fillet weldment.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2001

The purpose of this article is to study the design and construction of Anap pond with a comparative study of ancient palace ponds in Korea, China and Japan. Anap pond was excavated in 1975-6 and is the oldest orignal pond to be found among Koran garden sites. Anap pond was made just before Shilla drove out Tang, after Shilla ruined Paekjae and Koguryo with the Tang army. This was a time Shilla enjoyed a multi-cultural situation due to interaction with Paekjae and Koguryo refugees, as well as information provided by the ambassadors sent to Tang who were well aquainted with Tang culture. Anap pond shows the influence of not only the indigenous mountain-god myth, but also the theoretical background common among Korea, China and Japan. But it also depicts the special form of space inbued with the exquisite aesthetic taste of Shilla people, which started with Anap pond hardened in Gaen temple, and which bloomed in Sukgulam. Scenery structure analysis gives a supposition of the center building on the western coatland, and sequential analysis gives the feeling of being at sea, analysised by root square shape analysis, equal ratio square shape and golden section, sow we can see the planned space organization by speculated planning. Thus, Anap pond is a garden of Shilla in which the cultural exchange has been inculturated and made our own, and the special aesthetic taste embodied.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.201-210
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• 2006

Among the architects who use diagrams as a digital design process, especially through Peter Eisenman and Ben van Berkel's works, we have specifically got the meaning of their diagrams. Their diagrams act as 'the block of becoming' and we can regard the diagrams not only as a tool of devenir including architect's root thoughts beyond a tool of schematic presentation, but also as architect's intention including devenir thought. And in the case of diagrams which the architects use, we can recognize that architects' intentions are to think that Deleuze's 'machine abstraite' evolve the diagram into various and transformed form. That is to say, Peter Eisenman interprets the machine abstraite as a root thought of devenir by using diagram as medium to reveal the virtual. And Ben van Berkel transforms the diagram by including all external conditions into selected diagram which shows the abstract relations to the elements. We can get the meaning of the machine abstraite from these cases well. This study will play an important role in giving good usage of the diagram in making a form of contemporary digital architecture and showing the direction of form creation field.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.245-262
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• 2013

The flow interaction between two identical neighboring twin square prisms in a staggered arrangement in an open terrain was investigated experimentally. The downwind prism was mounted on a rigid-aeroelastic setup in an open-terrain boundary layer flow to measure its acrosswind root-mean-square responses and aerodynamic damping ratios. By varying the relative location of the upwind prism and the Scruton number associated with the downwind prism, the acrosswind aeroelastic behavior of the downwind prism was analyzed and compared to that of an isolated one. Results showed that the acrosswind root-mean-square response of the downwind prism could be either suppressed or enhanced by the wake flow produced by the neighboring upwind prism. Besides the assessment of the wake effect of the downwind prism, finally, regressed relationships were presented to describe the variation of the aerodynamic damping ratio so as to predict its acrosswind fluctuating response numerically.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2011

본 연구는 한 중 옥상녹화의 법률을 분석하여 법규 및 지원제도상의 문제점을 파악하고, 그에 따른 보완점을 종합적으로 검토하여 옥상녹화의 법규 및 지원제도 개선 방안을 제시하였다. 연구 결과, 첫째, 구조안전 측면은 옥상녹화의 가장 중요한 조건이다. 따라서 옥상에 하중안전을 위하여 옥상녹화 설계 시 시공재료의 중량, 우수와 설(雪) 하중에 대한 영향, 방문자의 수용량을 정확하게 계산해야 한다. 둘째, 설계기준으로 방수 및 방근재료는 지역에 따라 적합하게 사용해야 한다. 셋째, 유지관리는 식물, 시설물, 토양 등으로 구분하여 정기적인 점검과 보수가 필요하다. 넷째, 품질검사 기준으로 방수 및 방근 성능검사 기준과 식물생육 상황을 판단하는 기준이 있어야 한다. 방수 및 방근 성능은 옥상녹화의 가장 중요한 부분이기 때문에 시공 후 공사 품질을 엄격하게 수행하여야 한다. 다섯째, 옥상녹화 지원제도를 적극적으로 시행하고 보다 더 적극적이고 상세한 지원체계가 제시되어야 한다. 아울러 옥상녹화 의무화 규정을 더 강화시킬 필요가 있다.