• 대한본초학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.135-140
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to clarify the medicinal using part of Linderae Radix. Methods : Find out the using part of Linderae Radix in the Pharmacopoeia, main Herbal book and present day scientific research result. Results : 1. In the Phamacopoeia of 6 Nation, The herbal name of Lindera strychnifolia is Linderae Radix, the origin is root, shapes of Linderae Radix are recorded spindle-shaped, slightly curved, some constricted in the middle to be moniliform on every Pharmacopoeia. But only in the Pharmacopoeoa of the people's republic of china, root is recorded as root tuber. 2. The Straight root of Linderae Radix can not be used as medicine on the Pharmacopoeia of the China, Vietnamese, Chinese Taipei. 3. In Gaebo Boncho(開寶本草) and Bonchodogyeong(本草圖經), Dongeuibogam(東醫寶鑑), Bonchogangmok(本草綱目), ickmulmyeongsildogo(植物名實圖考), only the spindle-shaped root of Linderae Radix can be used as medicine. 5. The picture of the root is also spindle-shaped. Conclusions : The herbal name of Lindera strychnifolia is Linderae Radix, medicinal using part is root tuber, spindle-shaped, some constricted in the middle to be moniliform, straight and not spindle-shaped tap roots can not be used medicinally, and allowing guide line of straight root will upgrade the quality of Linderae Radix.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.197-202
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• 1989

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of growth medium in pots composed of upland soil(S), rice straw manure(M), carbonated rice hull(CRH), and their mixture on growth of tobacco cv. NC 82. The growth of shoot and root was vigorous in order of medium S+M+CRH>M>CRH>S. In M+S medium, root growth in the part of manure was superior to upland soil. But root growth of upland soil part in M+S plot was more vigorous than that in upland soil only. It is possibly due to be influenced by manure in M+S plot. Total length and weight of root, number of roots, and especially for development of adventitious root were closely related to shoot growth. Roots grown in upland soil part was brownish gray in color, while the roots in manure part was milky white. The milky white colored roots had longer life than others. It was concluded that root zone environments derived from several media in pots closely related to shoot growth and disease tolerance of tobacco plant.

• 대한한방피부미용학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.127-144
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• 2005

This study compared the activity of the aerial part of P. japonicum with its root in order to examine the possibility of the medicinal use of the aerial part, which has not been used as medicine, in substitute for the root that has traditionally been used as medicine. For this purpose, the author measured the proliferation of Human $CD4^-$ T cells, which are related to immunity, the differentiation of HL-60 cells, and the contents of IL-6, IgE and $TNF-{\alpha}$ and compared their anti-cancer effect on Hep3B and A549 cells. The results of this study are as follows: 1. As for Human $CD4^-$ T cells, $1.0\;g/{\ell}$ methanol extract from the aerial part promoted the proliferation of the cells 1.8 times higher while $1.0\;g/{\ell}$ methanol extract from the root did by 1.76 times higher compared to the control group. 2. As for HL-60 cells, methanol extract and water extract from the aerial part showed differentiation 1.14 times higher and 1.12 times higher respectively while methanol extract and water extract from the root did 1.14 times higher and 1.07 times higher compared to tile control group. 3. Cell density was highest on Day 4 of culture in all samples, Methanol extracts from the aerial part and the root showed activities of $7.9{\times}10^3\;cells/m{\ell}$ and $7.5{\times}10^3\;cells/m{\ell}$ respectively, and water extracts from the aerial part and the root did activities of $5.3{\times}10^3\;cells/m{\ell}$ and $6.1{\times}10^3\;cells/m{\ell}$. 4. The secretion of IL-6 was highest on Day 4 of culture. Methanol extracts from the aerial part and the root showed secretions of $6.7{\times}10^{-3}\;pg/cells/m{\ell}$ and $7.2{\times}10^{-3}\;pg/cells/m{\ell}$ respectively, and water extracts from the aerial part and the root did secretions of as high as $7.0{\times}10^{-3}\;pg/cells/m{\ell}$ and $6.0{\times}10^{-3}\;pg/cells/m{\ell}$. 5. As for the production of IgE, water extract from the root effectively inhibited the product at $1,000\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, methanol extract from the root at $10\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and $100\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, water extract from the aerial at $1,000\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, and methanol extract from the aerial part at $1,000\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. 6. According to the result of measuring the content of $TNF-{\alpha}$, methanol extracts from the root and the aerial part showed inhibition effect at $10\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $100\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and $1,000\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. 7. As for liver cancer cell Hep3B, $1.0\;g/{\ell}$ methanol extracts from the root and the aerial part showed inhibition effects of 78% and 70% respectively, and $1.0\;g/{\ell}$ water extracts from the root and the aerial part did inhibition effects of 56% and 59%. 8. As for lung cancer cell A549, $1.0\;g/{\ell}$ methanol extracts from the root and the aerial part showed inhibition effects of 75% and 70% respectively, and $1.0\;g/{\ell}$ water extracts from the root and the aerial part did inhibition effects of 48% and 45%. The results of this study presented above show that the aerial part of P. japonicum has immunizing and anti-cancer effects as high as its root, which has commonly been used as medicine. There should be more in-depth research on the aerial part of P. japonicum in the future.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.180-186
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• 1986

Photosynthesis and respiration of leaf and root of field grown Panax ginseng were investigated according to aerial part sensecence. No apparent photosynthesis activity was detected in senescenced leaf(less than 0.7mg total chlorophyll/g FW) and leaf dark respiration was consistent relation with senescence. Leaf respiratory Q$_{10}$ consistently increased with senscence. Root respiration and Q$_{10}$ tended to decrease with aerial part senescence only in the range of optimum temperature of leaf growth. Apparent photosynthesis or respiration of leaf was negatively or positively correlated, respectively with the increase of air temperature. Root respiration with temperature was well accordance with Arrhenius plot which was not consistent with aerial part senescence. Accelerated senescence may be recommendable for better root yield unless any reserve in stem or leaves contributes to root through translocation.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 1977

As a basic research for the yield-mechanism of soybean seeldings, the distribution and variety of free amino acid and protein-amino acid in some parts of root were studied. At the meristematic, elongational and maturated zones of root, the distribution and variety of N-components was different substantially. It shows that N-components are taken part in energy source for organization in early stage of growth. N-pool also changed in every part of root.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.98-103
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• 2001

Root gap out of standard by welding deformation is frequently produced at butt weld joints of steel bridge. For example although standard root gap is below 6mm at butt weld joints of plates under 15mm thickness. maximum 35mm root opening is produced at the weld field. At this case, the part out of standard is generally built up and the rest part is welded by WPS. Direct welding without built-up welding is preferred in weld field because built-up welding process bring about the cost-up at manufacturing. To apply this direct weld to root gap out of standard, the investigation about mechanical properties and fatigue at weldment is required. Inthisstudy, therefore the verification for direct weld without built up is performed at weldment as root gap. It includes tension, bending. hardness, impact and fatigue test for each welding specimen of 6mm, 25mm, 35mm root gap.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2007

Selection of proper root barrier as destination part of greening is very important in Root penetration resistance plan. To select proper root barrier, it need to understand composition of greening part, size, kind of plant, connection with waterproofing layer. In this point of view, we have establish greening on the roof or concrete structure, not been understand the structural mechanism. It means that we misunderstood about purpose of greening and using it. So, chosen materials and construction method was not proper for greening, it caused water leakage and decrease performance of concrete structure. Therefore, we would suggest 5 items of test methods considering environmental condition for green roof. Watertightness by water of greening part, root penetration resistance test by root penetration, bacteria resistance by must or bacteria in soil, chemical resistance by rain and chemical agent of fertilizer, and load resistance by soil depth, size of plant. These suggested test methods could be referred as guideline to test in green roof system because of not exist any performance appraisal guideline or standard. Consequently, it should be analysis as technical and institutional subdividing test methods and it need to study constantly as varied angles.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2007년도 춘계학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.5-8
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• 2007

Selection of proper root barrier as destination part of greening is very important in Root penetration resistance plan. To select proper root barrier, it need to understand composition of greening part, size, kind of plant, connection with waterproofing layer. In this point of view, we have establish greening on the roof or concrete structure, not been understand the structural mechanism. It means that we misunderstood about purpose of greening and using it. So, chosen materials and construction method was not proper for greening, it caused water leakage and decrease performance of concrete structure. Therefore, we examine the practical use of copper sheet considering environmental condition for green roof. Watertightness by water of greening part, root penetration resistance test by root penetration, bacteria resistance by must or bacteria in soil, chemical resistance by rain and chemical agent of fertilizer, and load resistance by soil depth, sire of plant. These suggested test methods could be referred as guideline to test in green roof system because of not exist any performance appraisal guideline or standard. Consequently, it should be analysis as technical and institutional subdividing test methods and it need to study constantly as varied angles.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제12권3호통권46호
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• pp.231-238
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• 2000

본 연구는 용접지단부의 후처리 결과, 상대적으로 피로강도가 낮아진 용접루트부에 초점을 맞추었다. 용접루트부의 피로강도를 향상시키기 위하여 부분용입용접을 실시한 십자 리브 시험체와 보통의 필렛용접이음 십자 리브 시험체를 대상으로 피로시험을 행하였다. 그 결과, 부분용입용접을 한 시험체이더라도 용접그대로인 시험체의 경우는 보통의 필렛용접이음과 거의 동등한 피로강도를 보였다. 이것은 피로파괴가 지단부로부터 시작되었기 때문에 용접루트부의 보강책인 부분용입용접의 효과가 나타나지 않았다고 생각된다. 이에, 지단부의 피로파괴를 막기 위해 지단부를 후처리시킨 부분용입용접이음 시험체를 대상으로 피로시험을 한 결과, 보통의 필렛용접이음보다 상당한 피로강도 향상을 보였다. 그러므로 본 연구는 지단부로부터 피로균열 발생을 억제한다면, 부분용입용접이음으로 루트부의 피로강도를 향상시켜, 결국 전체적인 파단수명을 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 생각한다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2013

Apical surgery cuts off the apical root and the crown-to-root ratio becomes unfavorable. Crown-to-root ratio has been applied to periodontally compromised teeth. Apical root resection is a different matter from periodontal bone loss. The purpose of this paper is to review the validity of crown-to-root ratio in the apically resected teeth. Most roots have conical shape and the root surface area of coronal part is wider than apical part of the same length. Therefore loss of alveolar bone support from apical resection is much less than its linear length.The maximum stress from mastication concentrates on the cervical area and the minimum stress was found on the apical 1/3 area. Therefore apical root resection is not so harmful as periodontal bone loss. Osteotomy for apical resection reduces longitudinal width of the buccal bone and increases the risk of endo-perio communication which leads to failure. Endodontic microsurgery is able to realize 0 degree or shallow bevel and precise length of root resection, and minimize the longitudinal width of osteotomy. The crown-to-root ratio is not valid in evaluating the prosthodontic prognosis of the apically resected teeth. Accurate execution of endodontic microsurgery to preserve the buccal bone is essential to avoid endo-perio communication.