• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.60-68
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• 2018

공동주택의 복잡한 평면 구조와 향상된 벽간 차음성능으로 인해 화재상황의 전달 및 인지가 어려워 피해가 증가되고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 국내 공동주택 평면 형태를 대상으로 소방시설 중 비상방송설비의 명료성에 대한 실태분석을 진행하였다. 아울러 피난방송의 명확한 인지를 위한 음성명료도 개선 방안을 시뮬레이션을 통해 분석하였다. 현장측정 결과 72, 84, 101 Type 모두 국내 경보설비기준인 90 dBA를 R1 지점에서 만족하지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 72 Type의 L1 지점(거실) 79.8 dBA를 제외하고는 모든 측정지점에서 출입문을 열었을 때와 닫았을 때 모두 NFPA 기준 75 dBA를 만족하지 못하는 것으로 평가되었다. 침실의 출입문 개구 상태를 기준으로 국내 화재안전기준에서 제시된 1 m 이격지점에서 90 dBA 이상을 만족시 각 침실에서 NFPA 기준인 음압레벨 75 dBA와 CIS 0.7을 만족하였다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.202-210
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine clean room(C/R) structure, air conditioning and contamination control systems and to provide basic information for identifying a correlation between the semiconductor work environment and workers' disease. Methods: This study was conducted at 200 mm and 300 mm semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities. The C/R structure and air conditioning method were investigated using basic engineering data from documentation for C/R construction. Furthermore, contamination parameters such as airborne particles, temperature, humidity, acids, ammonia, organic compounds, and vibration in the C/R were based on the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors(ITRS). The properties of contamination control systems and the current status of monitoring of various contaminants in the C/R were investigated. Results: 200 mm and 300 mm wafer fabrication facilities were divided into fab(C/R) and sub fab(Plenum), and fab, clean sub fab and facility sub fab, respectively. Fresh air(FA) is supplied in the plenum or clean sub fab by the outdoor air handling unit system which purifies outdoor air. FA supply or contaminated indoor air ventilation rates in the 200 mm and 300 mm wafer fabrication facilities are approximately 10-25%. Furthermore, semiconductor clean rooms strictly controlled airborne particles(${\leq}1,000{\sharp}/ft^3$), temperature($23{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$), humidity($45{\pm}5%$), air velocity(0.4 m/s), air change(60-80 cycles/hr), vibration(${\leq}1cm/s^2$), and differential pressure(atmospheric pressure$+1.0-2.5mmH_2O$) through air handling and contamination control systems. In addition, acids, alkali and ozone are managed at less than internal criteria by chemical filters. Conclusions: Semiconductor clean rooms can be a pleasant environment for workers as well as semiconductor devices. However, based on the precautionary principle, it may be necessary to continuously improve semiconductor processes and the work environment.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.160-163
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• 1998

본 연구에서는 소형 퇴비화용기에서 미생물이나 퇴비화보조제를 첨가하지 않고 가정에서 발생하는 쓰레기를 매일 1kg씩 투입하면서 퇴비화를 진행 하였다.시험결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 시기별 발생되는 음식쓰레기를 성분함량에는 큰 차이를 나타내었다.2) 실온에서 시간당 1,321.6 l 의 공기를 주입했을때 토비 중 수분함량이 74.36 ${\sim}$ 85.14% 그리고 $45^{\circ}C$에서는 시간당 472 l 의 공기를 주입했을 때 퇴비화에 적절한 수분함량을 유지할 수 있 었다.이때 가동에 필요한 전력 소비량은 한 달에 약 132kwh이였다. 3) 20일 동안의 실험결과 실온에서 약28% 그리고 $45^{\circ}C$에서는 약 44%의 유기물이 분해되었다. 4) 퇴비화 과정 중 일반 성분함량들의 변화에서 축적현상과 같은 경향은 나타나지 않았다.다만 중금속 중 Cd 과 염분의 함량에는 주의가 요구된다. 5) 생물의 여과에 의한 악취의 제거는 $45^{\circ}C$에서는 별 문제가 없었으나 실온에서는 표면적 부하 증가 에 의하여 별 효과가 나타나지 않았다.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2023

현재 진행되는 고령화 및 인구절벽으로 대표되는 인구구조적 문제는 한국군 경계임무에 심각한 도전이 되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 AI모델을 적용해 군 경계체계를 지능화하는 것이다. 본 연구를 통해 제4차 산업혁명과 그 핵심이 되는 인공지능 알고리즘의 의의가 경계근무 상황실 내에서의 단순작업을 기계화하여 작업효율을 극대화하는 것임을 실증한다. 하나의 완성된 시스템으로서 군경계체계를 개발하기 위해, 지능화·자동화된 군(軍) 경계체계라는 목표로부터 필요한 인공지능 기술인 다중 객체 추적(multi-object tracking, MOT) 기술을 선택한다. 또한 체계 사용자의 접근성 및 체계 이용의 효율성을 담보하기 위해서는 데이터 시각화(data visualization)와 사용자 인터페이스(user interface)를 꼽았다. 이 추가 요소를 결합하여 하나의 유기적인 소프트웨어 애플리케이션을 구성한다. CCTV 영상 데이터 수집한 장소는 00부대 제1정문 및 제2정문에 설치된 CCTV 카메라이며, 지통실의 협조 아래 영상 수집을 진행하였다. 실험결과를 통해 경계체계를 지능화·자동화시켜 더 많은 정보를 경계체계 운용인원에게 전달할 수 있음을 보였다. 그러 나 여전히 개발된 소프트웨어 경계체계 역시 한계점이 존재한다. 이를 설명하여 군 경계체계 개발의 향후 방향성을 제시한다.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.41-45
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• 2003

The 42V Mild Hybrid System has been released into market by Toyota for the first time in the world in 2001. The set-up employs an inverter unit to control the motor/generator (MG) electronically. The driving system called such as Toyota Mild Hybrid System (TMHS) has additional new functions to conventional internal combustion engines. When stopping vehicle, the engine stops promptly. When starting vehicle, by releasing the brake pedal MG starts the vehicle at the same time (EV-driving mode). When stepping on the accelerator pedal, or after a given period of time the engine firing occurs and the engine-driving mode starts. When running by motor, the power is supplied to the motor from 36V battery through the inverter. High outputs and instant responses are required for Inverter. At the same time, the compact volume is required to fit into the limited space of the engine room. The compact size and high output are also required to Power Capacitor used for this inverter. The power capacitors has been newly developed, shaped in "flat" type, suitably for the inverter. The points of developments on inverter and power capacitor are described in this paper.his paper.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 1991

Multiport-600 Solar SimulatorR is one of the most recent and convenient in-strument for evaluation of sun protection factor(SPF). In this study, we examined the practicability of the SPF determining system using Multiport -600 and the effects of several factors-light sources, seasons and experimental animals-on the minimal erythema dose(MED) and SPF. We also tested the UV sensitivity according to the sites of Korean people, And the ultraviolet radiation reaching the earth's surface In Seoul have been observed for one year. As a result of this study, the determinig system for SPF using Multiport-600 was proved to be a good system in accuracy and time-saving. The biological activity of fluorescence UV lamp of PUVA-800R was significantly higher than natural light or solar simulator with Xe arc lamp, and the determined MED became lower in inverse proportion to room temperature rise. Skin sensitivity by ultraviolet adiation was hights. in order \circled1 back \circled2 inns, upper arm \circled3 outer upper arm \circled4 foream. We also observed that UV radiation intensity was highest at noon in july and 1 sun burn unit(MED) was 28 minutes at that time.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2008

The purposes of this study were to determine the actual state of the indoor thermal environment in apartment units and to analyze the relationship between the living factors and indoor thermal elements. The field surveys consisted of measurements of physical elements and observations of living factors. In addition, the residents of 20 apartment units were interviewed to survey their subjective response. Field surveys were carried out from January to March 2007. Measuring elements were air temperature, globe temperature, and relative humidity. The results showed that the average of indoor temperature for the houses was $21.2{\sim}27.2^{\circ}C$, while 4 houses exceeded the comfort zone. The average of globe temperature for the houses was $21.3{\sim}27.5^{\circ}C$, while 6 houses exceeded the comfort zone. The mean relative humidity was $19.5{\sim}58.8%$, which is a relatively dry condition. The residents' average clothing value was $0.39{\sim}0.89$ clo(average 0.68 clo). The average thermal sensation vote on each room was $4.2{\sim}4.8$, which is 'neutral' to 'slightly warm'. Living factors had significant effect on indoor temperature in regression analysis were ventilation time(outdoor air exchange), opening time of door through balcony, and gas cooker use time.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.406-408
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• 2014

A 66-year-old male patient arrived at the emergency room with a crush injury to his chest. Multiple rib fractures, hemothorax on both sides, left scapular fracture, liver laceration, and retroperitoneal hematoma were found upon the radiologic examination. After closed thoracostomy, the patient had been initially admitted to the intensive care unit, but he was transferred to the general ward on the next day. On the 4th post-trauma day, the patient complained of severe pain and there was bloody drainage through the chest tube. This case is an exploration with the consideration of the possibility of major bleeding and the subsequent repair of the descending thoracic aorta. This case is regarded as a case in which the aorta wall was damaged as the sharp margin of the fractured ribs caused continuous irritation.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

Cleanroom could be largely classified into industrial cleanroom that can be contaminated by particles and bio-cleanroom that can be contaminated by biological particles. Electrical manufacturing companies producing precision machines and electrical parts essentially have industrial cloom facilities and clean technologies to produce defects free products due to particles. Industrial cleanroom should be controlled in respect of 4M1E to prevent from foreign materials of sub-micro unit and to keep out contamination sources from outside. In this paper, a concept for a quantitative methodology to measure the particles from running components was suggested by combining both newly making clean booth such as wear tester and laser particle counter.

• 교육녹색환경연구
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.41-51
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• 2010

It is high level of management activity for the fixed property of building to operating spaces for education in university campus. Therefore, this study is focused on definition of the factors for analyzing the actual conditions of space operation and application of them to C university campus in Gyeongbuk in the aspect of infrastructure of university and efficiency of space operation. These analytical factors are the rate of lecture and experimentation room, the rate of theoretical and experimental subject in curriculum and unit area for infrastructure and the rate of use, turnover rate and occupation rate per lecture for space operation. If the analytical factors of space operation are systemized as program module for space operation, the space management system of university campus will be characterized on the foundation of university information system. And it will be able to support the decision making about space management. It needs to integrate various type of information and data of university to increase the efficiency of decision making.