• Quality Improvement in Health Care
• /
• v.6 no.1_2
• /
• pp.136-149
• /
• 1999

Background : Although a number of studies are related to QA improvement, there are few studies applied various method of QA tools. This study reviewed the availability of general quality assurance(QA) tools according to ten steps in performing quality improvement activities at emergency room of a tertiary teaching hospital which has more than 1,000 beds. Methods : All patients in emergency room from 15th Oct. 1997 to 5th Sep. 1998 were surveyed. The survey data based on the patient's records of emergency room were evaluated according to length of stay, and we tried to identify problems with management of emergency room. To solve the problems, our team applied general QA tools(brainstorming, flow chart, nominal group technique, benchmarking, cause-and-effect diagram, run chart, control chart) to quality improvement activities and discussed the availability of the tools. Results : After the activities such as changes of staffing, the establishment of local area network and chest pain clinic, application of triage and so on, the percentage of patient who had stayed more than six hours was reduced from 56.0% to 46.8%. The mean number of patients per day in emergency room was increased from 49 to 62. But the reporting time for laboratory test was not changed after these activities. Conclusion : Each QA tool has unique benefit and limitation, but we can implement and evaluate the quality improvement activities more scientifically and systematically by applying these tools to practice according to QA ten steps.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.13 no.6
• /
• pp.2812-2825
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to analyze the spacial composition feature of Law School Library and define the feature in spacial planning of law school library. Through the analysis of characteristics in spacial composition, the basic spacial type of law school library will be proposed as a new law school library design. The spatial composition characteristics of Law school Library are as followings. (1) Entry spatial feature for the user accessibility (2) Reference room spatial planning for carrel user (3) Connectivity of educational & research space and reference room space. As the result of design proposal and analyzing the spacial feature, firstly entry common space of library should be planned with reference room space. Secondly, reading room should be linked to the entry level for the user. Lastly, core space should be planned as the vertical connectivity space for the intimately linkage of educational & research space and reference room. And separated accessibility should be considered for direct connection from outdoor space.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.256-266
• /
• 2014

Purpose: This study was done to identify the level of knowledge on and stress from delirium among recovery room nurses, and correlations between these factors. Methods: In this study, 125 nurses agreed to participate in the study were surveyed from October 8 to October 28, 2013. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, $Scheff{\grave{e}}$ test and Pearson correlation. Results: Average percentage of correct answers to questions about delirium was 81.9% and the mean score was 26.22 (${\pm}5.01$). The mean score for recovery room nurses' work stress from emergency delirium was 3.86 (${\pm}0.99$). Extent of knowledge on delirium significantly differed by age (F=15.017, p<.001), length of clinical experience (F=22.132, p<.001), length of recovery room experience (F=10.538, p<.001), education (F=3.312, p =.040), and marital status (t=4.107, p<.001). Stress from ED was significantly related to age (F=9.185, p<.001), clinical experience (F=7.077, p=.001), and marital status (t=-2.027, p =.045). Knowledge on delirium had a negative relationship with stress from delirium (r=-.514, p<.001). Conclusion: Results show that nurses gained knowledge of delirium from their own clinical experience indicating a need to develop educational programs to improve knowledge on delirium and plans to reduce stress from delirium for recovery room nurses.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.35-42
• /
• 2007

This study aims at examining the actual conditions of lighting environment and the consciousness and responses of residents with the living room of apartment house, grasping the problems of existing lighting methods, offering the lighting environment design standard in harmony with the various demands of residents, functions of living room space, life in living room and interior decoration and then pursuing the comfortable living environment. As the scope and methods of research for these, existing research methods are examined through the consideration of preceding researches and the basic outline of this research is constructed. Questionnaire survey is conducted with six apartment complexes including Kumho district, Munhung district, Sangmu district, Unnam district, Ilkok district and Chumdan district, the problems and improvements of lighting environment conditions are examined, conception and selection of lighting equipment design image are made, lighting equipment design of living room is suggested and the expected effects of lighting equipment ordering method are arranged as follows. As a result of examining and analyzing the lighting environment of living room in existing apartment houses, it is known that the conditions of existing lighting environment considered uniform lighting plan for functional sides of each room which didn't consider the various living behaviors and preference of residents and while the degree of interior decoration design is actually positive. Accordingly it seems that the lighting equipment ordering which considers the various preferences of residents is applied as the means for comfortable lighting environment, the interior environmental mood will be greatly improved.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.131-139
• /
• 2007

The aim of this paper is to find out different preference of common spaces and shared activities in senior cohousing community between regions in Korea: Seoul and other cities. Social survey was conducted nationwide and the respondents were 50s only, since they are the generation who will face to elderly housing subject within 10 years in turbulent Korean society. Collected data, about 1000, were analyzed by SPSS program using frequency, percentage, and Chi-square test. In summary, respondents mostly would like to move to senior cohousing on circumstance when they remain alone without big difference between regions. Loneliness and housekeeping were considered as the most difficult issues for the elderly to manage by themselves. Among common spaces, exercise room was the most preferred space to meeting room and kitchen. Exercise room was more preferred in Seoul than in other cities, on the contrary meeting room was evidently less preferred in other cities than in Seoul. Regarding shared activities, resident meeting, gardening, and common meal were revealed as less preferred activities than hobby exercise and tea meeting. As a conclusion, I would like to propose that a big common living room is better to be designed for meeting room cum dining and gathering room with flexibility in order to give residents chances to know each other more often. And since common space and shared activity show different preferences by regions, those are to be designed and planned reflecting region's different circumstance.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.9-16
• /
• 2013

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate a trend of human error types observed in a series of verification and validation experiments for an Advanced Control Room(ACR) equipped with Lager Display Panel(LDP), Work Station Flat Panel Display(WS FPD), list type Alarm System(AS), Soft Control(SC) and Computerized Procedure System(CPS). Background: Operator behaviors in a fully computerized control room are quite different from those in a traditional hard-wired control room. Operators in an ACR all together monitor plant status and variables through their own interface system such as LDP and WS FPD, are notified of abnormal plant status through their own list type AS, control the plant through their own SC, and follow the structured procedure through their own CPS whereas operators in a traditional control room only separately do their duty directed by their supervisor. Especially the secondary task such as manipulating the user interface of ACR can be an extra burden to all the operators including the supervisor. Method: The Reason's human error classification method was applied to operators' behavioral data collected from a series of verification and validation experiments where operators showed their plant operational behaviors under a couple of harsh scenarios using the ACR simulator. Results: As operators accustomed to the new ACR system, knowledge or rule based mistakes appearing frequently in the early series of experiments decreased drastically in the latest stage of the series. Slip and lapse types of errors were observed throughout the series of experiments. Conclusion: Education and training can be one of the most important factors for the operators accustomed to the traditional control room to be adapted to the new system and to run the ACR successfully. Application: The results of this study implied that knowledge or rule based mistakes can be reduced by training and education but that lapse type errors might be reduced only through innovative improvement in human-system interface design or teamwork culture design including a new leadership style suitable for ACR.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.55-64
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in skin temperature and thermal comfort of participants in a $19^\circ{C}$ room (the recommended room temperature in the winter) depending on age, sex and clothing weight. Subjects were divided into four groups (6 young males, 5 young females, 6 old males, 6 old females) and experimental trials consisted of three conditions: wearing underwear in a $19^\circ{C}$ room (19CUW), without underwear in a $19^\circ{C}$ room (19C), and without underwear in a $24^\circ{C}$ room (24C). The results indicated the following: 1) There were no significant differences in mean skin temperature based on age or sex, and the mean skin temperatures of the four groups were in the range of 32.4∼$34.0^\circ{C}$. 2) In the 19C condition, the skin temperatures of the hands and feet of old females were higher than those of the other three groups. 3) In terms of perceived thermal comfort, young females showed a tendency to feel the most uncomfortable. Both old and young groups agreed that the 24C condition was the most comfortable. 4) Relational coefficients between thermal comfort and skin temperatures were higher in the young group than in the old group. Furthermore, the perceived thermal comfort had a stronger relationship with mean skin temperatures than with local skin temperatures. 5) The mean skin temperatures of subjects who indicated they were 'comfortable' were in the range of 31∼$36^\circ{C}$ regardless of age or sex.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.75-83
• /
• 2009

Objectives : By recording basic data of musculoskeletal patients visiting the emergency room of an oriental medicine hospital. we can understand their characteristics and gain better insight about them. Method : We performed a retrospective study of 551 patients who visited the emergency room of an oriental medicine hospital, from November 1,2008 to October 31, 2009. Result : 1. Of 551 total patients, the male to female ratio was almost same and the 3rd decade of life was the peak age group. 2. The majority of patients visited emergency room between 10:00 and 24:00(midnight). 3. Most patients visited on a Saturday or Sunday. 4. By monthly distribution, the patients increased slightly during January, May and October. 5. The majority of patients visited the emergency room within 24 hours of onset. 6. The patients were categorized as follows : lumbar sprain 66.06%, cervical sprain 16.25%, ankle sprain 9.04%. 7. Admission rate was 21.96%. Conclusion : Assuming that this research will continue adding patient's data continuously, this work will help up to understand the features of musculoskeletal patients who visiting the emergency room of the oriental medicine hospital.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
• /
• v.17 no.6
• /
• pp.675-683
• /
• 2015

The room-and-pillar construction method for underground space is adopted from the room-and-pillar mining method which is one of the most popular underground mining method in the world. Drainage system in the room-and-pillar underground construction method can be similar with the concept of single shell in tunnel because additional reinforcement except the TSL (thin spray-on liner) is not applied in the room-and-pillar construction method. That is, to decrease groundwater level and maintain safety in tunnel, the drainage pin hole inside lining (shotcrete) can be used. However, if total amount of outflow in the underground structure is relatively small or groundwater is not detected, such drainage system will not be useful and cause additional construction cost. In this study, outflow of conventional tunnels in South Korea was investigated and the criteria to determine whether the drainage pin hole is effective was suggested. And the guided drainage system was suggested when drainage pin hole was not applied in the room-and-pillar construction method.

• Solar Energy
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.57-67
• /
• 1998

A study on a buoyancy effect by the temperature difference between a inner room air and a inflowing cool air and also by Inlet velocity can contribute greatly to enhance performance of air conditioning system, so the study on the distribution characteristics of inflowed cool air is important to analyze the cool air storage in a room. For this study, in the real-sized model room, the temperature differences between inflowing cool air and inner room air are 10, 20, $30^{\circ}C$, and the inlet velocities of inflowing cool air are 1, 2, 3m/s respectively as dynamic parameters. Also, a anemos and a vane type diffuser are used as inlet geometric conditions. Following conclusions have been obtained through this study. 1) In case of the anemos type diffuser, it is found that a dimensionless temperature profile is low and the distribution of the inflowed cool air is uniform. and also, all diffuusers have a low temperature of the inner room as increasing the inlet velocity. 2) A mixing takes place rapidly in case of the anemos type diffuser when the temperature difference is low ${\Delta}T=10^{\circ}C$ and the inletvelocity is high V=3m/s. and the mixing degree is higher with the anemos type diffuser than the vane.