• Journal of architectural history
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.7-14
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• 2017

Rafter is a member for roof and plays a role in protecting shaft members under rafter such as pillar, beam and girder from natural environment and to fix by supporting finished materials of roof. It is common in the Korean architecture that rafter cross-section is paired with circular form and Buyeon cross-section is paired with the square shape. However, while there are not many, some architectures have rafter end header in the square shape. The aim of this study is to examine the square shape cases of rafter end header with special reference to stone structure. As a result, among stone structure related to Bangyeon, the majority case is seen at Palgakwondang type Seungtap. It was shown in the Seungtap of monk of Gusanseonmun school in the later Unified Silla to the early Goryeo period that succeeded Seodang Jijang.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.65-67
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• 2012

The butt-joint system is widely used as the method of roof composite waterproofing system. However, there is stilll no objective research about proper distance, and proper structure associated with the performance in butt-joint system. In this research, we find proper distance and proper structure in butt-joint system through tensile strength test at joint, and comparative analyze with practical construction material of composite waterproofing sheet.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2002

This study is a study on the building integrated method of Photovoltaic. It was analyzed into a basic installation condition and an integrated form in this study. And it was confirmed through the 3D simulation & drawing work of an integrated situation to the real domestic building. The Photovoltaic installation of the country to an optimal efficiency for the year must be installed to the due south with an angle of thirty degrees. And also a module spacing must be more than doubled from the bottom to the top of module to prevent from efficiency falling by a shadow of photovoltaic module in a roof setting of flat roof. If Photovoltaic module is an adequate material that is a basic requirement as a building's finishing material, it's not only an efficiency of alternation with an existing finishing material but also a building's design element.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.137-147
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• 2012

GRS is an effective urban ecology restoration technique that can manage a variety of environmental functions such as ecological restoration, rainwater spill control and island heat effect from a low-impact development standpoint that can be utilized in new construction and retrofits. Recently, quantitative evaluation studies, both domestic and abroad, in the areas related to these functions, including near-earth surface climate phenomenon, heavy rainwater regulation, thermal environment of buildings, have been actively underway, and there is a trend to standardize in the form of technological standards. In particular, centered on the advanced European countries, studies of standardizing the specific insulation capability of buildings with green system that comprehensively includes the green roof, from the perspective of replacing the exterior materials of existing buildings, are in progress. The limitation of related studies in the difficulties associated with deriving results that reflect material characteristics of continuously evolving systems due in part to not having sufficiently considered the main components of green system, mechanisms of vegetation, soils. This study attempts to derive, through EnergyPlus, the effects that the vegetation-related indicators such as vegetation height, FCV, etc. have on building energy load, by interpreting vegetation and soil mechanisms through plant canopy model and using an ecological standard indicator LAI that represent the condition of plant growth. Through this, the interpretations that assume green roof system as simple heat insulation will be complemented and a more practical building energy performance evaluation method that reflects numerical methods for heat fluxes phenomena that occur between ecology restoration systems comprised of plants and soil and the ambient space.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.17-32
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• 2001

The Rosette-joining system is a completely new press-joining method for cold-formed steel structures. One Rosette-joint has a shear capacity equal to that of approximately four screws or rivets. The Rosette thin-walled steel truss system presents a new fully integrated prefabricated alternative to light-weight roof truss structures. The trusses are built up on special industrial production lines from modified top hat sections used as top and bottom chords and channel sections used as webs which are joined together with the Rosette press-joining technique to form a completed structure easy to transport and install. A single web section is used when sufficient but can be strengthened by double-nesting two separate sections or by using two lateral profiles where greater compressive axial forces are met. An individual joint in the truss can be strengthened by introducing a hollow bolt into the joint hole. The bolt gives the connection capacity a boost of approximately 20%. A series of laboratory tests have been carried out in order to verify the Rosette truss system in practice. In addition to compression tests on individual sections of different lengths, tests have also been done on small structural assemblies and on actual full-scale trusses of a span of 10 metres. Design calculations have been performed on selected roof truss geometries based on the test results, FE-analysis and on the Eurocode 3 and U.S.(AISI) design codes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.222-226
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• 2007

Buildings form interior space when part of an external environment is limited by a physical surface. And, the interior space forms an appearance of building when space-defining elements, such as floor, wall, and roof. An appearance or a form of building has a lot of meanings depending on the physical and psychological conditions, as well as symbolism. Especially, the prevailing meaning of form in the modern age was, "Form follows function," was quite different from the meaning of form in the architectural era of Louis I. Kahn, who asserted "Form always supercedes function," when functional modernism was still existed even after some 50 years later. Existing studies on Louis I. Kahn usually analyzed his architectural terminology and philosophical concepts of Centrality, Light, Order, Form, and Design; or they were focused on an overall plane and the principle of composition. The purposes of this study are: (1) to investigate how the formal composition characteristics of building are expressed on skylights; and (2) to demonstrate that the formal composition characteristics of skylights plays an important role in constructing a whole structure of building in relation with other architectural elements.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.39-54
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• 2011

The Bunhuangsa stone pagoda, constructed in AD. 634, National Treasure no. 30, has been named as 'brick-copied pagoda' since the Japanese-ruling period by scholars. It is said that the Chinese brick pagoda was its precedent model, however the Bunhuangsa Pagoda is the oldest of all the Chinese-style brick pagodas except one, the Sungaksa Pagoda. The Chinese pagoda cannot have been a precedent model to copy due to its complex detail of wood vestige, as the Bunhuangsa pagoda is simple form without ornament. Domestic brick pagodas cannot have been a precedent model to copy as well, because all the domestic brick pagodas are younger than the Bunhuangsa Pagoda. Therefore, the terminology 'brick-copied pagoda' is a fallacy; it is rather that later brick pagoda copied the precedent the Bunhuangsa stone pagoda. The Bunhuangsa Pagoda is simply a piled-up pagoda of thick or thin, big or small slates of stone, facing only one smooth side and therefore needing nothing to relate to brick. The originality of the pagoda is more related to simple piled-up Indian stone stupa rather than Chinese brick pagoda. The roof form of its gradually stepped projection comes from the harmika of the summit of Indian stupa. Contrary to general history, old Silla Dynasty imported Buddhism directly from India by sea. From written national history and by temple foundation history, the Indian Buddhism evangelist possibly made influence to the erecting of temple and pagoda. The original wrong terminology has made a harmful effect gradually to the naming of mass-styled stone pagoda of only carved stepped-roof form after brick-copied pagoda. The false term 'brick-copied pagoda' should be discarded, which comes with superficial observation based on toadyism to China and colonialism to Japan. Instead of the fallacious term, this paper suggests multi-storied 'piled-up pagoda with slate stone.'

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2006

The rice mill occurred from modernization process of the farming village. It comes to follow in intention of the architect and is not the position building. By the user of the building it comes to follow necessary and it is a position thing. The like this rice mill was the community center of the village. Also the material which is unique and form quality were land mark of the village. The object of research is the rice mill where it takes charge of a like this role. And the scope of research is 8 rice mills of Eomjeong Myeon Chungju City which is located in the northern Chungbuk area. The progress of research the documentary survey, actual measurement, question, field work it analyzed the construction quality which the rice mill keeps with base and it arranges. The results of study are follows; 1. conditions of location : The rice mill the entrance of the village, the crossroads system is formed most the place is doing in the place which well. 2. The inside composition of a space : In order to compose the work space and the store space efficiently the plane surface is doing a rectangular form. 3. Form of roof : The roof raises the efficient characteristic of the work where is not the design which is intended to be naturally formed from the space composition for. 4. Selection of material : Most it was a natural enemy and an utility, it selected the scientific material and it used.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.233-250
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• 2010

Jukseoru as an official pavilion of the government, one of the eight sceneries in Gwndong Area, is located on the cliff over Osipcheon River. This paper interprets form and space of the pavilion with restored old life by analyzing pictures of official party in 18th century in Chosun Dynasty. Every part of the space is occupied by persons by the class and duty: the pricipal guest, nobles, subordinates, gisaengs, court musicians, and guards from the high to the low and from the inside to the outside. Applying the analysis to the Jukseoru pavilion, the noblest lord takes sit on the platform in front of folded screen at main bay under checked ceiling, enclosed by low timber beam. The next northern end bay is a place for subordinates' and servants' waiting for preparation for rice wine. Southern end entrance bay is not a result of later addition but deliberately and originally made for lower place outside the railing of wooden floor: for a waiting woman gisaeng, and subordinates. Outside under the eaves on the platform with bedrock, artificial stone and soil is a place for court musicians, subordinates, and guards. The yard in front of the building is a place for preparing meals by cookers. Every detailed ornamental form is different each other by the place for the occupied class. Existing theory tells that the building, 7 bays gable-and-hipped roof, is a result of structural extention of 2 bays at the 5 bays gabled-roof. However, through the interpretation of old pictures and application to the pavilion, the present Juseoru is not a result of later structural addition, but deliberately designed creation suited to life in hierarchical traditional society.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.97-105
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• 2012

Winsborough Hall built by Martin L. Winehart who was the missionary of the Presbyterian Church of America in 1927 was built by Mrs. Winsborough's birthday contribution. Winsborough Hall was clearly divided into the original form built in 1927 and remodelled form by extension. Most of walls were constructed with several kinds of bricks for both sides and opening in the original form and remodelled form. Each room divided by inner wall was kept with original form because it is difficult to remodel it on the characteristics of building. But, it was confirmed through the related literatures that security of opening at some rooms and annexation of rooms through removal of the wall on the 2nd floor which was relatively easy to transform wall compared to the first floor were made. Variability of the wall affected the truss structure of roof and it created rare double truss structure. Architectural value of Winsborough Hall was in its first architectural trial using red brick in Gwangju region since 1920s. It suggested that it was differential architectural trial from Korean-Western mixed building constructed by the missionaries from 1940 to 1910 and buildings made of gray bricks prevailed from 1911 to 1920 and it showed the advancement in the architectural structure and materials.