• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.110-120
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• 2009

The hipped roof on the research building, which was constructed 51.9m above sea level on a hillock by Korea National University of Education in June 1999, is composed of four inclined planes which are 12m in breadth, 8m in length and have a 30 degree gradient. For the roof vegetation, the yellow earth collected from around the building was laid on top. It was designed to supply the soil on the slope with water for a considerable period by making rainfall pool at the edges. In order to prevent the soil on the slope from being swept away, 31 sorts of grass seeds were imported from Germany and sown in the soil. At the present day, 10 years after the seeds began to sprout and inhabit the settled slope, 30 individual plant species were identified in the period between April 2008 and March 2009. Out of 31 species were seeded on the slanted, soiled roof, only 8 were still alive. It was confirmed that the Artemisia Princeps var, Chrysantheum, Prunella Vulgaris and Lespedeza Cuneata have been the major species inhabiting the east, west, south and north inclined planes respectively. The Phragmites Communis was inhabiting the edge of the roof where the water supply was adequate, while the Dianthus Barbatus was primarily inhabiting the south-east side of the roof. As a whole, 26 identifiable plants and 4 unidentified plants were observed on the inclined planes of the hipped roof. In consideration of the plant distribution on the slope, it was confirmed that the selection of seeds may have had an effect on the slope vegetation. As for the yellow earth laid on the roof, it was discovered that about 2~3cm thickness around the ridge was swept away, but the rest of the slope was in relatively good condition. Accordingly, it has been proven that vegetations can be applied to hipped roofs by using ordinary plants without any special structural measures.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.393-404
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• 2014

본 연구는 전통건축 방식의 지붕곡을 전산학적으로 재해석하고 지붕가구부를 구성하는 부재들간의 기하학적 상관관계를 3D 데이터로 설계하기 위한 방안을 제시한다. 지붕곡을 형성하는 여러 개의 구성 요소, 즉 지붕가구부 부재들간의 상관관계를 전통건축 축조 방식에 근거하여 함수식으로 정의하고 분석된 데이터를 토대로 사용자가 원하는 지붕면을 구성하기 위한 각 부재들의 3차원 데이터 자동 생성 기법을 구현한다. 제안하는 방식은 부재간의 상관관계를 고려하여 지붕곡의 속성이 변경되면 지붕곡에 영향을 미치는 여러 개의 부재들이 자동으로 재설계되는 방식으로써 전통건축 설계의 효율을 높일 수 있다. 또한, 한옥의 다양한 지붕곡 설계를 보장하면서도 체계적인 설계와 규격화된 생산 및 가공을 가능하게 하여 한옥의 보급에 크게 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.75-87
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• 2018

A large number of low-rise buildings experienced serious roof covering failures under strong wind while few suffered structural damage. Clay and concrete tiles are two main kinds of roof covering. For the tile roof system, few researches were carried out based on Finite Element (FE) analysis due to the difficulty in the simulation of the interface between the tiles and the roof sheathing (the bonding materials, foam or mortar). In this paper, the FE analysis of a single clay or concrete tile with foam-set or mortar-set were built with the interface simulated by the equivalent nonlinear springs based on the mechanical uplift and displacement tests, and they were expanded into the whole roof. A detailed wind tunnel test was carried out at Tongji University to acquire the wind loads on these two kinds of roof tiles, and then the test data were fed into the FE analysis. For the purpose of validation and calibration, the results of FE analysis were compared with the full-scale performance ofthe tile roofs under simulated strong wind impact through one-of-a-kind Wall of Wind (WoW) apparatus at Florida International University. The results are consistent with the WoW test that the roof of concrete tiles with mortar-set provided the highest resistance, and the material defects or improper construction practices are the key factors to induce the roof tiles' failure. Meanwhile, the staggered setting of concrete tiles would help develop an interlocking mechanism between the tiles and increase their resistance.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.261-269
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• 2016

파이프루프 공법은 개착공법 및 다른 비개착공법에 비해 경제적이고 시공이 비교적 단순한 공법으로 도심지 도로를 횡단하는 신규노선이나 상하수도 등 지하구조물에 적용 사례가 증가하고 있다. 국내외 연구 및 시공사례증가로 공법에 대한 기술적 발전 및 파이프루프의 성능 개선이 이루어지면서 단순 사전보강공법이 아닌 영구 지보재로서 활용가능성이 제기되었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 파이프루프의 지보효과를 분석하고자 3차원 유한요소 수치해석을 수행하였으며 파이프루프 적용유무와 터널 단면 형상에 따른 지반의 거동을 변위와 응력 변화관점에서 분석하였다. 수치해석 결과 파이프루프를 적용할 경우 터널 상부 지반에서 뚜렷한 변위제어 효과와 함께 터널 단면형상이 지반 및 파이프루프 거동에 상당한 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.425-432
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• 2020

전통한식 점토기와는 외관이 미려하고, 내수성 및 내화성, 내구성이 우수하나 높은 소성온도를 요구하여 경제성과 중량문제 등으로 인하여 전통양식의 기와를 사용하기 보다 기존의 공법을 사용하고 있는 것이 현 추세이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 우리나라의 산청에서 생산되는 고령토와 점토의 기와 소재에 나노알루미나실리케이트를 첨가하여 1,000℃ 이하의 저온소성하면서 전통한식 점토기와로서의 요구되는 물성을 만족하는 최적배합과 재료의 공정을 설계하고 이를 통해 나노코팅 전통한식 점토기와 소재개발에 관한 특성은 연구하고자 한다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.55-69
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• 2021

Ultrapure ferritic stainless steel provides a new generation of long-span metal roof systems with continuous welding technology, which exhibits many unknown behaviors during wind excitation. This study focuses on the wind-resistant capacity of a new continuous welding stainless steel roof (CWSSR) system. Full-scale testing on the welding joints and the CWSSR system is performed under uniaxial tension and static ultimate wind uplift loadings, respectively. A finite element model is developed with mesh refinement optimization and is further validated with the testing results, which provides a reliable way of investigating the parameter effect on the wind-induced structural responses, namely, the width and thickness of the roof sheeting and welding height. Research results show that the CWSSR system has predominant wind-resistant performance and can bear an ultimate wind uplift loading of 10.4 kPa without observable failures. The welding joints achieve equivalent mechanical behaviors as those of base material is produced with the current of 65 A. Independent structural responses can be found for the roof sheeting of the CWSSR system, and the maximum displacement appears at the middle of the roof sheeting, while the maximum stress appears at the connection supports between the roof sheeting with a significant stress concentration effect. The responses of the CWSSR system are greatly influenced by the width and thickness of the roof sheeting but are less influenced by the welding height.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to analyzes the effects on planting of roof with planting block and grass in a school building where users actually spend daily life to measure indoor and outdoor temperature changes with existing roof. In case of planting of roof with a summer season, the highest temperature was shown lower about $1620^{\circ}C$ in the outdoor compared to the case of not performing it. On the other hand the lowest temperature was shown higher about $0.7^{\circ}C$ and the highest temperature lower about $1.1^{\circ}C$ in the indoor. In case of planting of roof with a winter season, the lowest temperature was shown higher about $1.712.8^{\circ}C$ compared to the case of not performing it. On the other hand, it was shown higher about $3^{\circ}C$ in the indoor. The results of this study, effects of temperature control was confirmed in the indoor where planting of roof was performed higher about $3^{\circ}C$ for winter season and lower about $1^{\circ}C$ for summer season compared to the case of indoor with existing roof.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2005년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2005
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• pp.241-244
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• 2005

Many building detection methods mainly rely on line segments extracted from aerial or satellite imagery. Building detection methods based on line segments, however, are difficult to succeed in high resolution satellite imagery such as IKONOS imagery, for most buildings in IKONOS imagery have small size of roofs with low contrast between roof and background. In this paper, we propose an efficient method to extract line segments and group them at the same time. First, edge preserving filtering is applied to the imagery to remove the noise. Second, we segment the imagery by watershed method, which collects the pixels with similar intensities to obtain homogeneous region. The boundaries of homogeneous region are not completely coincident with roof boundaries due to low contrast in the vicinity of the roof boundaries. Finally, to resolve this problem, we set up snake model with segmented region boundaries as initial snake's positions. We used a greedy algorithm to fit a snake to roof boundary. Experimental results show our method can obtain more .correct roof boundary with small size and low contrast from IKONOS imagery. Snake algorithm, building roof detection, watershed segmentation, edge-preserving filtering

• Wind and Structures
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.145-167
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• 2010

By using the 'failure' model approach, the effects of wind direction on the flight of sheathing panels from the roof of a model house in extreme winds was investigated. A complex relationship between the initial conditions, failure velocities, flight trajectories and speeds was observed. It was found that the local flow field above the roof and in the wake of the house have important effects on the flight of the panels. For example, when the initial panel location is oblique to the wind direction and in the region of separated flow near the roof edge, the panels do not fly from the roof since the resultant aerodynamic forces are small, even though the pressure coefficients at failure are high. For panels that do fly, wake effects from the building are a source of significant variation of flight trajectories and speeds. It was observed that the horizontal velocities of the panels span a range of about 20% - 95% of the roof height gust speed at failure. Numerical calculations assuming uniform, smooth flow appear to be useful for determining panel speeds; in particular, using the mean roof height, 3 sec gust speed provides a useful upper bound for determining panel speeds for the configuration examined. However, there are significant challenges for estimating trajectories using this method.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.651-668
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• 2014

Wind tunnel tests are conducted to investigate the wind loads on vertical fixed-roof cylindrical tanks with a very low aspect ratio of 0.275, which is a typical ratio for practical tanks with a volume of $100,000m^3$. Both the flat-roof tank and the dome-roof tank are investigated in present study. The first four moments of the measured wind pressure, including the mean and normalized deviation pressure, kurtosis and skewness of the pressure signal, are obtained to study the feature of the wind loads. It is shown that the wind loads are closely related to the behavior of flow around the structure. For either tank, the mean wind pressures on the cylinder are positive on the windward area and negative on the sides and the wake area, and the mean wind pressures on the whole roof are negative. The roof configurations have no considerable influence on the mean pressure distributions of cylindrical wall in general. Highly non-Gaussian feature is found in either tank. Conditional sampling technique, envelope method, and the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) analysis are employed to investigate the characteristics of wind loads on the cylinder in more detail. It is shown that the patterns of wind pressure obtained from conditional sampling are similar to the mean pressure patterns.An instantaneous pressure coefficient can present a wide range from the maximum value to the minimum value. The quasi-steady assumption is not valid for structures considered in this paper according to the POD analysis.