• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 2013

Korean Volunteer Fire Departments are the representative disaster-related civilian organizations which are based on "Firefighting Framework Act Article 37"and ordinance for complementing the lack of fire-fighting personnel and volunteer and they play a part as community safety keepers. They are operated by the National funding, but cannot be defined as the organization in governmental sources completely or pure volunteer organization in terms of its founding purpose and activities. In these special characteristics, some Volunteer Fire Departments play an important role in Civilian Volunteer Disaster Prevention by being managed effectively, but the others do not. There can be many cause-analyses about this difference. They aren't profit-making organizations and are groups which have no compulsion. So it is important that who the leader is, and what type of leadership he has. By solving this bias by considering these characteristics, in this study we make them perform the center role of community safety network through analyzing the existing status and problems of volunteer fire department education and customized training program reengineering to meet class-specific and regional level.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.598-606
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• 1998

The liver expresses a considerable amount of nitric oxide (NO) upon induction with cytokines or/and endotoxin. The NO synthesized by inducible NO synthase (NOS) of the liver see ms to play a role in various hepatic physiological processes. Here we investigate the effects of NO on acetaminophen (AA)-induced liver injury. The treatment of S-nitros-N-acetyl penicillamine (SNAP, exogenous NO donor) at the dose of 0.1mM decreased AA-induced hepatotoxicity suggesting the possibility of NO to play a role in protection from the hepatotoxicity induced by AA. On the other hand, the excessive NO produced by NO donor (SNAP: 0.5, 2.5, 6.25mM) has been shown to cause a concentration dependent hepatotoxicity, and such damages was decreased by Superoxide and increased by superoxide dismutase, indicating that the hepatotoxicity induced by excessive NO depends on balancing between NO and superoxide. Taken together, the results indicate that NO has biphasic effects on hepatotoxicity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Biophysical Society Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.74-74
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• 2003

We report here the results on N-acetyl-N'-methylamide of oxazolidine (Ac-Oxa-NHMe) calculated using the ab initio molecular orbital method with the self-consistent reaction field (SCRF) theory at the HF level of theory with the 6-3l+G(d) basis set. The displacement of the $\square$-CH$_2$ group in proline ring by oxygen atom has affected the structure of proline, cis$\^$∼/ trans equilibrium, and rotational barrier. The up-puckered structure is found to be prevalent for the trans conformers of the Oxa amide. The higher cis populations of the Oxa amide can be interpreted due to the longer distance between the acetyl methyl group and the 5-methylene group of the ring for the trans conformer of the Oxa amide than that of the Pro amide. The changes in charge of the prolyl nitrogen and the decrease in electron overlap of the C$\^$∼/ N bond for TS structures seem to play a role in lowering rotational barriers of the Oxa amide compared to that of the Pro amide. The calculated preferences for cis conformers in the order of Oxa > Pro amides and for trans-to-cis rotational barriers in the order of Pro > Oxa amide in water are consistent with experimental results on Oxa-containing peptides. The pertinent distance between the prolyl nitrogen and the N$\^$∼/ H amide group to form a hydrogen bond might indicate that this intramolecular hydrogen bond could contribute in stabilizing the TS structures of Oxa and Pro amides and play a role in prolyl isomerization.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.185-211
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• 2004

It is a common and prevailing Construction that recent environmental problems such as earth's warmer climate and depletion of ozone layers can never be solved by the efforts of any one nation. That is why the international conventions have been held more often lately in order to discuss the matter of environment protection and there has been increased tendency of using economic activities of any nation especially their international trades as means for achieving the purpose of environment protection. Furthermore, there is an ample possibility for the advanced countries to use the regulatory restrictions for environment protection as an another measure of none-tariff barrier against countries including Korea which has high dependence on international trade with not very high technological capability of environment protection. Some of the developed countries have recently moved toward the creation of a new system of international regulatory measures on world trade in the name of Environment Protection. They Plan to impose strict control over the process and technology of production of good they are importing from other country. However, ever though the international regulatory measures, in a short term, could play a negative role on our trade capability, they could, in the long run, also play a role of helping hands if we usefully work out positive countermeasures as a result of hand-working government supported by industry and all the society as a whole.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to examine the green management evaluation criteria and Employee Awareness and analyze their impact on management performance. A survey was conducted using a questionnaire form that was given to companies with fewer than 300 regular workers and less than 30 billion won in sales. The three-step mediated effect analysis proposed by Baran and Kenny was performed to verify the roles of the parameters. The research results are summarized as follows. First, awareness of greenhouse gases and environmental pollution play a mediating role affecting the management performance. Second, awareness of harmful chemical substances play a mediating role affecting the management performance. Lastly, The survey subjects were limited to SMEs in Chungcheong province and thus, this may not be applicable to all companies.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.78-86
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• 1997

Back muscles play an important role in protecting the spine. Epidemiological studies have shown that loads imposed on the human spine during daily living play a significant role in the onset of low back pain. No previous study has attempted to correlate the response of the trunk musculature with the type of external load. The purpose of this study was to use surface electromyography (EMG) to quantify the relative demands placed on the back muscles while lifting loads in one hand. Forty asymptomatic, twenty year-old subjects stood while lifting loads of 10% of body weight(BW) unilaterally. All EMG data were normalized to a percentage of the EMG voltage produced during no-load standing(%EMG). Our major analysis involved a paired t-test for repeated measures. Of particular note was the fact that the ipsilateral 10% of BW condition produced statistically less % EMG change than did the contralateral 10% of the condition.

• School Mathematics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.231-256
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• 2016

In this paper I will look into achievement standards which show gender difference. This work is based on the average of percentage of correct answer about items taken in National Assessment of Educational Achievement (2010~2014) at each male and female student of middle school. Achievement standard becomes the basic unit when teachers make study plans as the smallest unit that composes the curriculum. Study plans are expressed concretely according to lesson time numbers, and then lesson time numbers are determined by achievement standards. Therefore, objective informations about gender difference appearing in achievement standards will play an important role in embodiment of programs to obliterate gender difference when teachers make study plans. Also This research is expected to play a role as an indicator in studying on gender difference in mathematics education.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 2015

Alteration in ion channel or transporter expression levels affects cell volume which is produced by movement of water and ion across the plasma membrane. In particular, aquaporin (AQP) channels among ion channels play a crucial role in movement of water across the cell membrane. This study was performed to identify whether AQP expression is changed in bovine follicular cystic follicles using microarray, RT-PCR and Western blotting analyses. In microarray data, AQP4 expression was decreased, whereas AQP7 was increased in cystic follicles. Additional experiments were focused on the AQP7 expression increased in cystic follicles. The microarray data was confirmed by semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot analysis. AQP7 mRNA and protein expressions were significantly increased in the cystic follicles (p<0.05). Application of estrogen ($10{\mu}g/ml$) to bovine ovarian cells showed a trend of increase in AQP7 expression. From these results, we suggest that the increase in AQP7 expression in cystic follicles may play an important role in movement of water in bovine ovary. In addition, AQP7, a aquaglyceroporin permeating water and glycerol, could be a good target in development of methods for the cryopreservation of bovine ovary.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.101-105
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• 2004

The purpose of the study is to develop ship's bearing sensor using CPS receiver which can play a role as a ship's secondary compass. In this research, two GPS receivers are used to determine the bearing in real time. Then we investigated the bearing accuracy associated with the error pattern of two GPS receivers. Especially, the results are as follows ; - The investigation on the system design of GPS-Compass - The modeling to compute heading of sailing - The analysis on bearing accuracy with the error pattern - The defining possibility to play a role as a ship's secondary compass

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.22
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• pp.1-27
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• 1992

Librarians long ago proclaimed themselves professionals. Until recently, however, librarians and information professionals gave very little thought to professional ethics, which have corne to play an increasingly important role in all areas in modern society. They have been stimulated to consider their specific domain within an ethical context now. Professional norms express obligations which include prescribing standards, principles of responsibilities, and rules of duties. Professional codes attempt to formulate the norms of professional ethics and are the basis for disciplinary measures of various kinds. This paper discusses professional properties and characteristics of libarianship with a special reference to the code of professional ethics. The codes of ethics of the American Library Association, the Library Association, and of the Japanese Library Association have been reviewed and compared. The arguments on the enforcibility of the professional codes of ethics, therefore, on their effectiveness have been discussed. Author concludes that, despite some doubts on the practical effectiveness of the ethics code expressed by a number of scholars, a code of ethics is very much required in the information professions. Properly disseminated, a code would enhance the status and standing of the profession by demonstrating concerns for the maintenance of the highest possible level of standards of professional services. It would also play an important role in raising consciousness of the clients by communicating the value of the works.