• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.181-189
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• 1984

우리나라산(전남 강진 및 경남 금해시)미꾸리에서 이전고무극구흡충(Echinostoma cinetorchis)의 피낭유충을 처음으로 검출하고 횐쥐에 감염시킨 후 성충을 얻어 종을 확인하였다. 또, 미꾸리의 피낭유충 감염상황과 횐쥐에서의 간단한 발육과정을 관찰하였다. 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 미꾸리 46마리중 5마리 (10.9%)에서 담낭유충이 검출되었고 감염된 미꾸리당 감염대은 평균 34.4개이었다. 피낭유충은 미꾸리의 후복벽에서만 발견되었다. 2. 실험감염 횐쥐에서 감염 6∼28일까지 총 충체회수률은 24.6%이었으며 감염기간이 길어짐에 따라 회수률은 감소되었다. 3. 충체는 두증과 두련(37∼38개)이 뚜렷하고 고환이 이전하거나 소실되는 점으로 보아 E. sinetorchis Ando et Ozaki, 1923로 동정되었다. 4. 충체의 발육은 감염6일부터 10일 사이에 가장현저하였으며 이 기간중 특히 생식기관의 발육이 비생식기관에 비해 빠르고 현저하였다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 우리나라에서 미꾸리가 이전고구극구흡충의 제이중간숙주 역할을 하고 있음이 입증되었고 실험적으로 얻은 성충의 형태에서 고구의 이전 또는 소실이 종의 특성임이 재확인되었다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2010

목 적 : 서울 지역의 급성 호흡기 감염의 원인이 되는 바이러스를 분석하고 임상적 특징과 비교, 분석하였다. 방 법: 2008년 9월부터 2009년 3월까지 3개 대학병원에 입원한 5세 미만의 소아의 급성하기도감염환자에서 418개의 비인두흡입검체를 채취하여, 14종 바이러스를 multiplex PCR을 통한 진단하였다. 바이러스 양성환자의 임상정보를 병원별, 시기별로 분석하였다. 결 과: 418명이 분석되었고, 연령은 평균 16.4개월, 성별비는 1.36대 1이었다. 환자들 중 56.2%에서 바이러스 양성을 보였고, RSV (35%)가 가장 많이 검출된 바이러스였으며, 다음은 hRV (22%)였으며, HBoV, ADV, hMPV, PIV1, IFV, hCoV, PIV2, PIV3가 검출되었다. 양성검체 중 21.9%에서 동시감염이 있었다. 결 론:바이러스의 지역별, 시기별 지속적인 감시가 필요하며, 급성호흡기질환을 보이는 소아의 진료에, 유행하는 바이러스의 특징을 고려해야 할 것이다.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.161-176
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to evaluate smoking of dental technicians in 2005, and we have distributed questionnaires about smoking in 2005-KDTA general meeting and analyzed them. All 555 respondents who attended KDTA general meeting were selected by random sampling. However we dismissed 41 because of invalidness, so we got 504 people. Therefore, we have got conclusions below: 1. The rate of smokers who attended in 2005 KDTA was 33.93%, 46.3% in men, 1.44% in women. When we compared to other specialist groups, the rate of dental technician smokers was higher than them. 2. When we analyzed the ages of first smoking, 55.56% of the people started to smoke when they were in 24 years old. This result was very similar to the rate of dentist smokers in 2005 KDA research. 3. According to the answers of smokers and people who wire smokers in the past about quitting smoking period and willness in future, 60.82% among all members failed to quit smoking and also 69.2% among all members did not leap over 3 months but, they have thought to quit smoking for 6 months. 4. According to the answers about antismoking training related to environment in dental and clinical labs, most dental technicians(92.66%) have never been trained, also 37.70% among all members have not fulfilled their duty at self office. They have not recognized the danger of the indirect smoking. 5. When we asked chiefs in dental and clinical labs, the reason why they, didn't do the antismoking training their staffs, 32.1% of them replied that they were so busy, and 42.13% did because of their staffs, abhorrence and needlessness. 6. As Pan-dentistry members, over 80% agreed to the thought of the antismoking, also had medical knowledge about smoking. So we have the conclusion that dental technicians have identification as the Pan-dentistry members. 7. Most dental technicians expected KDTA to play a role about the antismoking training for their members. We have two suggestions to KDTA about the antismoking problem for members according to above conclusions. First, KDTA should prepare the antismoking training in the curriculum. Second, KDTA should support the antismoking programs of schools for students.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.691-707
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• 2015

이 연구는 생명과학교사들의 진화개념 향상을 위한 논변활동 프로그램을 개발하고 이를 교사교육에 적용하여 진화개념에 대한 논변활동 특성을 분석함으로써 효과를 알아보고자 하는 것이었다. 이를 위해 먼저 진화를 이해하는데 필요한 주요 개념들을 문헌 조사를 통해 추출하여 '변이', '변이의 유전', '경쟁', '자연선택과 적응', '차등적 생식력', '개체군 내 개체분포의 변화', '대진화'를 주요개념으로 선정하였고, 각각의 개념에 대한 논변활동 질문지를 개발하였다. ADI모형을 변형한 7단계로 이루어진 순환적 논변활동 학습모형도 개발하였다. 총 7회에 대학원 교과교육 수업에 적용하였다. 현직 생명과학교사 4명과 예비 생명과학교사 2명을 대상으로 남, 여 3명씩 두 개의 소집단으로 구성하여 논변활동을 진행하였다. 프로그램이 진행되는 동안 녹음을 통한 담화와 논변글쓰기의 자료를 수집하여 분석하였다. 논변글쓰기는 '설명의 충분성', '설명의 개념적 수준', '증거의 수준', '정당화의 적절성'의 4가지 범주를 기준으로 논변의 질 수준을 분석하여 사전사후에 진화개념의 변화 정도를 확인하였고, 담화분석을 통해 진화주요개념에 대한 논변활동 특성을 분석하였다. 논변글쓰기와 담화를 분석한 결과 개발된 논변활동 모형과 프로그램은 생명과학교사들의 진화개념 이해 향상에 효과적이었다. 이 연구는 논변활동을 통한 교수학습 전략이 생명과학교사교육을 위한 효과적인 진화개념학습 전략이될 수 있음을 보여주었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.3229-3235
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• 2013

Background: Many breast cancers are caused by certain rare and familial mutations in the high or moderate penetrance genes BRCA1, BRCA2 and CHEK2. The aim of this study was to examine the allele and genotype frequencies of seven mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2 and CHEK2 genes in breast cancer patients and to investigate their isolated and combined associations with breast cancer risk. Methods: We genotyped seven mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2 and CHEK2 genes and then analyzed single variations and haplotype associations in 106 breast cancer patients and 80 healthy controls. Results: We found significant associations in the analyses of CHEK2- 1100delC (p=0.001) and BRCA1-5382insC (p=0.021) mutations in breast cancer patients compared to controls. The highest risk was observed among breast cancer patients carrying both CHEK2-1100delC and BRCA2- Met784Val mutations (OR=0.093; 95%CI 0.021-0.423; p=0.001). We identified one previously undescribed BRCA2 and a CHEK2 four-marker haplotype of A-C-G-C which was overrepresented ($X^2$=7.655; p=0.0057) in the patient group compared to controls. Conclusion: In this study, we identified a previously undescribed BRCA2 and CHEK2 A-C-G-C haplotype in association with the breast cancer in our population. Our results further suggest that the CHEK2-1100delC mutation in combination with BRCA2-Met784Val may lead to an unexpected high risk which needs to be confirmed in larger cohorts in order to better understand their role in the development and prognosis of breast cancer.

• 인지과학
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.365-391
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• 2013

순간 노출된 자극판에서 표적과 동일한 방해자극이 옆에 있을 때, 표적의 정확 보고율이 떨어지는 부적 반복효과가 보고되어 왔다. 본 연구는 부적 반복효과의 성질을 탐구하기 위해, 자극판의 제시 전에 표적이 제시될 가능성이 있는 위치를 빨간 네모(주의창)로 표시하고, 표적이 제시되지 않는 위치는 회색 네모(비주의창)로 표시하는 기법을 도입했다. 실험참가자는 주의창 위치를 주의함으로써 표적을 더 잘 식별할 수 있을 것이다. 실험 1에서는 세 위치 중 두 위치가 개별(작은) 주의창으로 표시되었고, 실험 2에서는 네 위치 중 가운데 두 위치가 합쳐진(큰) 주의창으로 표시되었으며, 실험 3에서는 네 위치 중 가운데 두 위치가 큰 주의창으로 표시되거나 그 둘 중 한 위치가 작은 주의창으로 표시되었다. 세 실험의 결과, 주의창 위치에 제시된 두 문자들을 식별하는 조건에서는 선행 연구와 같이 부적 반복효과가 관찰되었다. 비주의창 위치에 제시됨으로써 주의 받지 않은 방해자극은, 세 실험에 걸쳐서 표적의 식별에 부적 반복효과(혹은 그 경향성)를 낳거나, 또 그 반대효과인 정적 반복효과(혹은 그 경향성)를 낳았는데, 표적과 방해자극의 거리 및 주의창의 크기가 중요한 변인인 것으로 보인다. 이러한 결과는 부적 반복효과에 대한 반복맹 설명이나 위치불확실성 가설이나 억제적 주의포착 가설로 잘 설명되지 않는다. 대신에 자극판에서 요구되는 공간 주의 변동을 고려할 필요성을 제안한다. 주의와 지각의 관계에서 본 연구 과제의 역할에 대한 논의를 하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.480-488
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• 2018

Objective: Average daily gain (ADG) is an important target trait of pig breeding programs. We aimed to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genomic regions that are associated with ADG in the Duroc pig population. Methods: We performed a genome-wide association study involving 390 Duroc boars and by using the PorcineSNP60K Beadchip and two linear models. Results: After quality control, we detected 3,5971 SNPs, which included seven SNPs that are significantly associated with the ADG of pigs. We identified six quantitative trait loci (QTL) regions for ADG. These QTLs included four previously reported QTLs on Sus scrofa chromosome (SSC) 1, SSC5, SSC9, and SSC13, as well as two novel QTLs on SSC6 and SSC16. In addition, we selected six candidate genes (general transcription factor 3C polypeptide 5, high mobility group AT-hook 2, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, oligodendrocyte transcription factor 1, pleckstrin homology and RhoGEF domain containing G4B, and ENSSSCG00000031548) associated with ADG on the basis of their physiological roles and positional information. These candidate genes are involved in skeletal muscle cell differentiation, diet-induced obesity, and nervous system development. Conclusion: This study contributes to the identification of the casual mutation that underlies QTLs associated with ADG and to future pig breeding programs based on marker-assisted selection. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of the identified candidate genes in the physiological processes involved in ADG regulation.

• BMB Reports
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.741-748
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• 2004

The hepatitis C virus is associated with the development of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinomas. Among the 10 polyproteins produced by the virus, no function has been clearly assigned to the non-structural 5A (NS5A) protein. This study was designed to identify the hepatocellular proteins that interact with NS5A of the HCV. Yeast two-hybrid experiments were performed with a human liver cDNA prey-library, using five different NS5A derivatives as baits, the full-length NS5A (NS5A-F, amino acid (aa) 1~447) and its four different derivatives, denoted as NS5A-A (aa 1~150), -B (aa 1~300), -C (aa 300~447) and D (aa 150~447). NS5A-F, NS5A-B and NS5A-C gave two, two and 10 candidate clones, respectively, including an AHNAK-related protein, the secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (SFRP4), the N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1), the cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1 (CRABP-1), ferritin heavy chain (FTH1), translokin, tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2 (TACSTD2), phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (PI4K) and $centaurin{\delta}$ 2 ($CENT{\delta}2$). However, NS5A-A produced no candidates and NS5A-D was not suitable as bait due to transcriptional activity. Based on an in vitro binding assay, CRABP-1, PI4K, $CENT{\delta}2$ and two unknown fusion proteins with maltose binding protein (MBP), were confirmed to interact with the glutathione S-transferase (GST)/NS5A fusion protein. Furthermore, the interactions of CRABP-1, PI4K and $CENT{\delta}2$ were not related to the PXXP motif (class II), as judged by a domain analysis. While their biological relevance is under investigation, the results contribute to a better understanding of the possible role of NS5A in hepatocellular signaling pathways.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.414-422
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• 2011

본 연구는 정보 검색(Information Retrieval)과정에 있어 검색 기술의 적합성을 향상하기 위하여, 질의어 사이의 유용한 관계를 드러내도록 사례를 분석하고, 질의자의 의도를 파악할 수 있게끔 구체화하도록 연구한 것이다. 이를 위하여 먼저, 질의어가 가지는 어휘 의미적 연구 분야와 존재론적 연구 분야의 관련 연구들을 분석하였으며, 국내.외의 어휘 의미론적 네트워크 사례와 정보 검색 기술이 적용된 사이트의 실제 데이터를 분석하여 관계 유형을 추출하고 분석하였다. 다음으로는 일반적으로 검색자가 직면하는 검색 상황에서 자주 발생하는 문제를 중심으로 문제점을 정의하여 해결 방안을 모색하였다. 현행 검색 기술에서 색인어와 질의어를 단순 비교하여 결과를 쏟아주는 검색은 사용자를 혼란하게 하기 때문에 개선이 필요하고, 질의자의 의도에 맞는 질의 결과를 줄 수 있도록 지능적 검색으로 개선할 필요가 있다. 문제점 해결 방안에 있어서는, 두 질의어 사이의 관계를 드러냄으로써, 검색자의 의도를 인식하고 식별 및 처리할 수 있는 방안이 필요하였다. 질의어들에 관한 실제 사례를 분석하고 관계 유형을 9가지로 분류함으로써, 관계 유형을 디자인하는 방법을 적시하였으며, 관계 유형의 명칭 부여와 관계 역할의 명칭을 부여할 수 있는 방법과 제한점도 예시하였다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.29-47
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• 2007

Owing to the rapid growth of using the Internet, not only click-and-mortar companies but also brick-and-mortar ones have been expanding their distribution channels into online, Moreover, since online channels are more attractive than offline ones in control and maintenance, switching customers into online ones is emerged as one of very important managerial issues in a view of reduction of cost as well as expansion of services. However, the switched customers should be faced by uncertainties which could not have been experienced in offline. Specifically, in online channels, buyers and sellers are separated temporally and spacially and there are always so many kinds of threat for security as well as not enough systems and conventions for them yet. Therefore, trust has been considered as one of the most critical mechanisms for resolution of such uncertainties in online transactions. However, it is not easy to build and maintain the relationships in online since most of them are virtual and indirect generally. Therefore, in order to switch offline customers into online ones, it is very important to make strategies based on identification of the relationship between online transaction and offline trust which has been built in offline business. Generally offline trust, which has been built independent of online, could not include trust for online-dependent activities such as payment security during or after transactions, while most of online trust include it. Therefore, a customer with high offline trust does not always perceive high security and assure safe transactions. Accordingly, while online trust, where technical capabilities for online security is one of main bases, includes control trust implicitly or explicitly, offline trust does not. However. in spite of such clear discrimination and independence between offline trust and perceived security, there can be the significant dependency between these two beliefs. The customers with high offline trust believe that the company would do some activities for online security for customers' safe transactions since it has been believed of doing well for customers' trust. Theoretically, users' perception of security is interpreted as a kind of control trus, which is trust for company's technical control capacities in order to resolve technical uncertainties in online. Therefore, the relationship between two beliefs can be considered as transference from offline trust to another type trust. that is, control trust. The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of offline trust on online transaction uses mediated by perceived security. For this purpose, we suggest a research model based on technology acceptance model (TAM). Reuse intention is adopted as a dependent variable and TAM is modified by adding perceived risk (PR) as well as two beliefs of using Internet banking, perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU). Moreover, perceive security (PS) is adopted as an external variable for PR and PU, while offline trust (OT) is an antecedent of PS. For an empirical test, sampling from 108 visitors to the banks in Daegu, Korea, we analyze our model by partial least square (PLS) approach. In result, our model is shown to explain 51.4% of the variance in reuse intention and all hypothesis are supported statistically. A theoretical implication of this study is to identify a role of PS between offline trust and reuse intention of using online transaction services. According to our result, PS can be considered as a mediation variable for bridging between two different concepts: trust that explains social aspects of customers and companies, and TAM that explains customers' reuse intention.