• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.101-114
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• 2008

Eater Seal, the child care experts, observes that children with disability significantly benefit from receiving appropriated care along side their peers. Typically developing children serve as role models from which children with disabilities learn age-appropriated communications and social behavior. Therefore the children with disability can actively participate in well-designed child care settings. But unfortunately in Seoul, Korea, only 2% of children with disability are taken care of in child care centers. And even the disabled children at the child care centers are mostly mentally or emotionally disabled because the building, programs and services of the centers are restrictive to the children with severe physical disabilities. This study reviewed Korean domestic physical environment of child care centers for children with disabilities. Questionnaire survey was conducted to 103 centers located in Seoul by mail. Our survey revealed that they need more areas for nursing room and special rooms and the accessibility to buildings has to be improved. Also, there are no elevators in all buildings surveyed. Accessibility to toilet is noted as significant problem, especially wet floors in toilets. In a nursing room, a space for psychological rest and special education is needed for children with mental disability. Technical specifications on how to make buildings and facilities accessible for the children with disability should be developed. The goal of this study is to provide basic information to develop domestic design guidelines to ensure that the child care centers are safe, convenient, and usable for everyone possible.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1-5
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• 2009

Recently, as a method of green-development and reduction of carbon dioxide emission, increased interest has been focused on a railway. Furthermore, an intensive study has been processed on capabilities of maintenance activities, economic efficiency of maintenance on rail structure and a design of railway structure as well as the development of materials. The purpose of this paper is to develop a deteriorated model of PC Beam Bridge due to timely changes and maintenance activities. Typically, there is definite difference between maintained bridges and non-maintained bridges. As a result of proper maintenance activity, a life time of a structure can be enhanced. In this study, we will research and analyze structures with ongoing maintenance. We will also process same procedures on structures without maintenance. Therefore, we can establish the significant role in a conditional change of a structure. Based on a study, we accomplish the development of a condition-deteriorated model. To develop deteriorated model of PC Beam Bridge, We apply Marcov Theory and develop a transition probability to show the life time of bridge. This study will provide a great benefit to decision making for maintenance activities on the railway bridges for future.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.549-560
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• 2009

Over the last three decades, nuclear technology development has played a vital role in the socio-economic development of the Republic of Korea. This study, being the first of its kind, focuses on quantifying the actual economic contribution of nuclear technologies to economic development by evaluating the net benefit of the nuclear power with respect to the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP). An input-output analysis was employed as a methodological approach to analyze inter-industrial economic activities by calculating the industrial value added as a means of the economic contribution during the period of 1980 to 2005. The industrial value added of nuclear technologies was estimated from the construction and operation of nuclear power (backward-linked industrial value added) and from the industrial activities attributed to the electricity generated by the nuclear power (forward-linked industrial value added). It was found that the total net contribution of nuclear technologies as a percentage share of GDP amounted to 2.38% in 2005.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.43-53
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• 2007

Recently, controversy over intellectual property rights for protecting genetic resources and traditional knowledge has been emerging. Very active debates and global discussions are being carried out in various international organizations for possible approaches to be taken for these properties, and for the fair and equal sharing of the benefits from these intellectual properties. There is a need to evaluate adopting a sui generis system which is being pushed by developing nations, or adopting a policy which will guaranteee benefit sharing such as sharing royalties from marketing final products, technical transfers, capacity building, and participating in research activities. Also, it is very important to examine the legal issues concerning genetic resources based on Convention on Biological Diversity for the fair and equal sharing of the benefits with developing nations, at the same time assuring developed nations of access to genetic resources.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제47권
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• pp.3-24
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• 2010

The contours of the definition of an indirect expropriation are not precisely drawn. In some recent ICSID decision, tribunals have interpreted the concept of indirect expropriation narrowly and have preferred to find a violation of the standard of fair and equitable treatment. Thus, I analyzed the three Requirements of Indirect Expropriation basis of ICSID Cases as below. First, the effect of measure upon the economic benefit value as well as upon the control over the investment will be the key question when it comes to deciding whether an indirect expropriation has taken place. Whenever this effect is substantial and lasts for a significant period of time, it will be assumed prima facie that a taking of the property has occurred. Second, legitimate play a key role in the interpretation of the fair and equitable treatment standard. But they also found entry into the law governing indirect expropriation. Finally, the duration of a government measure affecting the interests of a foreign investor is important for the assessment of whether an expropriation has occurred.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권11호
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• pp.1069-1075
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• 2020

This research is aimed at examining the effect of the implementation of ABAS and BR on GFP with FDM as mediation. Respondent of research is 100 civil servants at the Directorate General of Population and Civil Registration of the Ministry of Home Affairs for the Republic of Indonesia. Data analysis is done with WarpPLS. Result of research shows that the implementation of ABAS has direct and indirect effects on GFP, and the indirect effect involves the mediation of FDM. Other result indicate that the making of proper financial decisions will help improving GFP. The effectiveness of financial decisions are able to mediate the implementation of ABAS in improve GFP. Meanwhile, BR does not affect GFP, either directly or indirectly through FDM. BR seems oriented more toward improving public service and people's welfare. This research suggests that the next research should examine whether the implementation of BR can improve governmental organizational performance in delivering public service. This research has proven that the implementation of ABAS has helped in improving the quality of FDM, while the other benefit is that this system improves GFP. Moreover, this research also gives confirmation that accounting information in good quality will be very useful in FDM.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제40권7호
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• pp.481-485
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• 2003

25㎛ 두께의 폴리이미드 박핀 기판을 glass 기판에 부착하여 최대 온도 150℃에서 비정질 실리콘 TFT를 제작하였다. 본 논문은 plastic 기판 위에 TFT가 제작되는 공정 절차를 요약하고 glass 위에 제작된 TFT와 ON/OFF 전달특성과 전계효과 이동도를 서로 비교해 보았다. a-SiN:H 코팅층은 plastic 기판의 표면 거칠기를 감소시키는 중요한 역할을 하여 TFT의 누설전류를 감소시키고 전계효과 이동도를 증가시켰다. 따라서 a-SiN:H 코팅층을 이용하여 plastic 기판에 양철의 TFT를 제작하였다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제81권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2018

Bronchodilator therapy is central to the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and are recommended as the preferred treatment by the Global Obstructive Lung Disease Initiative (GOLD). Long acting anti-muscarinics (LAMA) and long acting ${\beta}_2$ agonists (LABA) are both more effective than regular short-acting drugs but many patients remain symptomatic despite monotherapy with these drugs. Combination therapy with LAMA and LABA increases the therapeutic benefit while minimizing dose-dependent side effects of long-acting bronchodilator therapy. The TOviTO programme has investigated the benefits of treatment with a combination of tiotropium and olodaterol administered via a single inhaler. Tiotropium+olodaterol $5/5{\mu}g$ significantly improved forced expiratory volume in 1 second ($FEV_1$) area under the curve from 0 to 3 hours, trough $FEV_1$ health status and breathlessness versus the mono-components and placebo. Tiotropium+olodaterol $5/5{\mu}g$ also increased endurance time and reduced dynamic hyperinflation during constant work rate cycle ergometry. On the basis of these and other studies the 2017 GOLD report recommends escalating to dual bronchodilator therapy in patients in groups B and C if they remain symptomatic or continue to have exacerbations and as initial therapy for patients in group D.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.121-131
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• 2007

Eater Seal, the child care experts, observes that children with disability significantly benefit from receiving appropriated care along side their peers. Typically developing children serve as role models from which children with disabilities team age-appropriated communications and social behavior. Therefore the children with disability can actively participate in well-designed child care settings. But unfortunately in Seoul, Korea, only 2% of children with disability are taken care of in child care centers. And even the disabled children at the child care centers are mostly mentally or emotionally disabled because the building, programs and services of the centers are restrictive to the children with severe physical disabilities. This study reviewed Korean domestic physical environment of child care centers for children with disabilities. 15 centers located in Seoul were surveyed. Our survey revealed that the accessibility to buildings is poor. There are many places with difference in height of floors. Also, there are no elevators in all buildings surveyed. Accessibility to toilet is noted as significant problem, especially wet floors in toilets. In a nursing room, a space for psychological rest and special education is needed for children with mental disability. Technical specifications on how to make buildings and facilities accessible for the children with disability should be developed. The goal of this study is to provide basic information to develop domestic design guidelines to ensure that the child care centers are safe, convenient, and usable for everyone possible.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.38-47
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• 2000

Carbon dioxide is a major greenhouse gas causing climate change. This study quantified annual direct and indirect uptake of carbon by urban greenspace, and annual carbon release from vegetation maintenance and fossil fuel consumption. The study area was whole Chuncheon and Kangleung, and also two districts of Kangnam and Junglang in Seoul, cities located in middle Korea. Carbon uptake by urban greenspace played an important role through offsetting carbon release by 6-7% annually in Chuncheon and Kangleung. For Kangnam and Junglang, where the population density was relatively higher, urban greenspace annually offset carbon release by 1-2%. Future possible tree plantings could double annual carbon uptake by existing trees in urban lands (except natural and agricultural lands) of a study city. Based on study results, planning and management guidelines for urban greenspace were suggested to save energy and to reduce atmospheric $CO_2$ concentrations. They included selection of optimum tree species, proper planting location from buildings, design of multilayered planting, amendment of existing regulations for greenspace enlargement, avoidance f intensive vegetation maintenance, and conservation of natural vegetation.