• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.539-547
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the Enneagram personality types and the anger expression styles, and to see how the relationship depends on the gender. The subjects, selected by the convenience sampling method, are 315 college students. The instrument is the Korean Enneagram Personality Types(Yoon 1999), which categorizes the personal types into the gut-center, the heart-center and the head-center. On the other hand, the anger expression styles, which is the anger-control as a functional role, and the anger-out and the anger-in as a dysfunctional role, is measured by the Korean version of STAXI(Chon et al 1998). The major findings of the study are as follows. First, comparing the personality types of students, the ratio of the students of the gut-center, that of the head-center and that of the heart-center types are in descending order. Second, It is found that students rely on the anger-out more than the other two expression styles. There also exist the gender differences in terms of the level of the anger expression: female students tend to express the anger-out and the anger-control significantly more than male students. Third, the relationship between the Enneagram personality types and the anger expression styles of students are statistically significant such that students of the gut-center style express the anger-out more severely than the head-center and the heart-center. Therefore, the findings from the study may become the basis on which the education program is designed for the sake of the psychological adjustment of college students, especially taking into account the gender differences.

• Diabetes and Metabolism Journal
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.488-495
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• 2018

Background: Skeletal muscle plays a major role in glucose metabolism. We investigated the association between thigh muscle mass, insulin resistance, and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk. In addition, we examined the role of body mass index (BMI) as a potential effect modifier in this association. Methods: This prospective study included 399 Japanese Americans without diabetes (mean age 51.6 years) who at baseline had an estimation of thigh muscle mass by computed tomography and at baseline and after 10 years of follow-up a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test and determination of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). We fit regression models to examine the association between thigh muscle area and incidence of T2DM and change in HOMA-IR, both measured over 10 years. Results: Thigh muscle area was inversely associated with future HOMA-IR after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, HOMA-IR, fasting plasma glucose, total abdominal fat area, and thigh subcutaneous fat area at baseline (P=0.033). The 10-year cumulative incidence of T2DM was 22.1%. A statistically significant interaction between thigh muscle area and BMI was observed, i.e., greater thigh muscle area was associated with lower risk of incident T2DM for subjects at lower levels of BMI, but this association diminished at higher BMI levels. Conclusion: Thigh muscle mass area was inversely associated with future insulin resistance. Greater thigh muscle area predicts a lower risk of incident T2DM for leaner Japanese Americans.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.163-167
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• 1986

Twenty six urea analogues, most of which have already been approved for human use, were tested for their antiurease activity in vitro. Cell-free extracts obtained from a clinical isolate of Proteus mirabilis was used as the source of enzyme. Acetohydroxamic acid which is a proven potent urease inhibitor but not approved for human use was again shown to be the most active compound among the tested. Phenacemide, cycloserine, and deferoxamine were demonstrated to be moderate inhibitors. Oxtetracycline, trimethoprim, and cefamandole revealed a demonstrable antiruease activity, but only at very high concentrations. The antiurease activity of cycloserine, trimethoprim, and cefamandole was pH dependent-only active at acidic pH. The inhibitory activity of acetohydroxamic acid however was independent of change in pH. The inhibitory activity of acetohydroxamic acid however was independent of change in pH. Hydrogen ion concentration plays an important role in urease activity and acidification (pH 5. 5) alone eliminates approximately 65% of the enzymic activity. Adjustment of pH therefore appears to be an important adjunct in reducing unrease activity and should always be studied to maximize the effcacy of antiurease compounds under investigation.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.1418-1427
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• 2006

Windshield wipers play a key role in assuring the driver's safety during precipitation. The traditional wiper systems, however, requires driver's constant attention in adjusting the wiper speed and the intermittent wiper interval because the amount of precipitation on the windshield constantly varies according to time and vehicle's speed. Because the manual adjustment of the wiper distracts driver's attention, which may be a direct cause of traffic accidents, many companies have developed automatic wiper systems using some optical sensors with various levels of success. This paper presents the development of vision-based smart windshield wiper system that can automatically adjust its speed and intermittent interval according to the amount of water drops on the windshield. The system employs various image processing algorithms to detect water drops and fuzzy logic to determine the speed and the interval of the wiper.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.868-878
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study was to verify psychosocial issues faced by psychiatric and community mental health nurse practitioners (PCMHNP) working in community mental health centers, and to identify the adaptation processes used to resolve the issues. Methods: Data were collected through in-depth interviews between December 2013 and August 2014. Participants were 11 PCMHNP working in community mental health centers. Analysis was done using the grounded theory methodology. The first question was "How did you start working at a community mental health center; what were the difficulties you faced during your employment and how did you resolve them?" Results: The core category was 'regulating within relationships.' The adaptation process was categorized into three sequential stages: 'nesting,' 'hanging around the nest,' and 'settling into the nest.' Various action/interaction strategies were employed in these stages. The adaptation results from using these strategies were 'psychiatric nursing within life' and 'a long way to go.' Conclusion: The results of this study are significant as they aid in understanding the psychosocial adaptation processes of PCMHNP working in community mental health centers, and indicate areas to be addressed in the future in order for PCMHNP to fulfill their professional role in the local community.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.57-67
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• 2016

Objective: This study examined the relations between maternal meta-emotion philosophy, child interpersonal problem solving, and peer competence among children aged 4-5 and their mothers and teachers. Methods: A total of 54 children from 24 kindergartens were assessed on their interpersonal problem solving and peer competence. Their mothers reported on meta-emotion philosophy. Their teachers were assessed on child peer competence. Results: The major findings of this study were as follows. First, maternal meta-emotion philosophy, child interpersonal problem solving, and child peer competence showed positive correlation patterns. Second, child interpersonal problem solving and peer competence was found to be influenced by maternal child-directed meta-emotion philosophy but not by maternal self-directed meta-emotion philosophy. Conclusion: Findings highlight the importance of maternal meta-emotion philosophy and that their emotion socialization play a significant role in identifying the mechanisms leading to child social cognitive ability and social adjustment. Furthermore, these results could lead to important basic studies in developing parent/teacher education programs.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.24 no.5 s.83
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• pp.239-249
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• 2006

The main purpose of this study was to examine the relations of children's shyness and maternal involvement in children's peer relations to children's social competence, and the relative influence of children's shyness and maternal involvement in children's peer relations on children's social competence. 195 mothers of 3-year-olds and their 13 teachers in Seoul and Gyeonggi province participated in the study. The data were obtained using three kinds of questionnaires regarding shyness, parental involvement, and social competence. Findings revealed that shy children showed less popularity leadership and social participation for both boys and girls. The more orchestrations mothers exerted, the more popularity leadership boys showed. And the more advice and support mothers provided, the more interpersonal adjustment girls showed. For boys, shyness was more influential on popularity leadership than maternal orchestrations were. Findings are discussed in terms of the role of shyness in children's early social competence for both boys and girls.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.747-752
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• 2007

Domestic satellite development programme is generally classified into two categories: COMS as GEO satellite and KOMPSAT as LEO one. Each satellite has the on-board propulsion system fulfilling its own mission requirements. The COMS propulsion system provides the thrust and torque required for the insertion into GEO, attitude and orbit control/adjustment of spacecraft. It is the well-known Chemical Propulsion System(CPS) using bipropellants. On the other hand, the monopropellant propulsion system is employed in KOMPSAT, and its main role is on-station attitude control excluding the orbit transfer function. In this study, these two representative propulsion systems are compared and analysed as well, in terms of essential differences and important characteristics.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.174-181
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• 2004

Objective : To examine the association between dietary factors and cognitive impairment in older Korean women living in the community. Methods : Wave 2 data, from the Suwon Longitudinal Aging Study (SLAS), of 365 women aged 65 years or over, were used. The Korean version of the 30-point Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-K) was used to assess cognitive impairment (score$\geq$19). Dietary habits and frequencies of food group consumption were also examined. Results : A total of 67 women (18.4%) were found to be cognitively impaired. In bivariate analyses, nondietary factors, such as age, marital status, education, income, self-rated health, depression, emotional support, social activity, exercise, and dietary factors, such as self-rated nutritional status, frequency of beans and bean products and milk and dairy products consumption were associated with cognitive impairment. In the multivariate analysis, a higher frequency ($\geq$1 vs. <1 time/day) of beans and bean products (OR=0.48, 95% CI: 0.23-0.99) and milk and dairy products (OR=0.25, 95% CI: 0.10-0.61) consumption was inversely associated with cognitive impairment, after adjustment for non-dietary factors. Conclusion : These results suggest that dietary factors may play a significant role in cognitive impairment of older Korean women.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.117-125
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• 2004

This study has examined how residents view the remodeling process of their old apartment and the actual conditions of apartment remodeling case in Yonggang-dong, Mapo-gu, Seoul, in Korea. The questionnaire survey has been conducted to apartment residents in Seoul who want to have their houses remodeled in order to specifically find out how they view remodeling process. Furthermore, interviews have been conducted with persons who were in charge of remodeling operations, and related data have been analyzed by conducting on-the-spot survey on apartment in Yonggang-dong. The major findings were as follows 1. The residents pointed out the biggest problem is the lack of information in the remodeling process. Therefore, education and PR on remodeling to residents should be kept on in order for them to play a key role in remodeling operation. 2. In Yonggang apartment remodeling process several problems have been found such as the difficulty of obtainning unanimous consent from residents, the lack of the active and positive participation of residents and the absent of the drawing. Therefore, to activate remodeling of the apartment complex, it needs not only to induce the residents to participate positively, but also to make a practical adjustment on current special repairing allowance.