• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.293-310
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• 2006

In seismic prone areas it is possible to meet very different objects (equipment components, on shelf artefacts, simple architectural elements) that can be modelled as a rigid body rocking on a rigid foundation. The interest in their behaviour can have different reasons: seismological, in order to estimate the ground motion intensity, or more strictly mechanical, in order to limit the response severity and to avoid overturning. The behaviour of many rigid bodies subjected to twenty wide ranging acceleration recordings is studied here. The response of the blocks is described using kinematic and energy parameters. A condition under which a so called scale effect is tangible is highlighted. The capacity of the signals to produce overturning is compared to different ground motion parameters, and a good correlation with the Peak Ground Velocity is unveiled.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2000

To study the dynamic response of a rigid block standing unrestrained on a rigid foundation which shakes horizontally, four modes of motion can be identified, i.e., rest, slide, rock, and slide and rock. The occurrence of each of these four modes and the transition between any two modes depend on the parametric values specified, the initial conditions, and the magnitude of ground acceleration. In this paper, a general two-dimensional theory is presented for dealing with the various modes of a free-standing rigid block, considering in particular the impact occurring during the rocking motion. Through selection of proper values for the system parameters, the occurrence of each of the four modes and the transition between different modes are demonstrated in the numerical examples.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.501-516
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• 2014

The rocking pier system (RPS) allows the columns to rock on beam or foundation surfaces during the attacks of a strong earthquake. Literatures have proved that seismic energy dissipated by the RPS through the column impact is limited. To enhance the energy dissipation capacity of a RPS bridge substructure, frictional hinge dampers (FHDs) were installed and evaluated by shaking table tests. The supplemental FHDs consist of two brass plates sandwiched by three steel plates. The strategy of self-centering design is to isolate the seismic energy by RPS at the columns and then dissipate the energy by FHDs at the bridge deck. Component tests of FHD were first conducted to verify the friction coefficient and dynamic characteristic of the FHDs. In total, 32 shaking table tests were conducted to investigate parameters such as wave forms of the earthquake (El Centro 1940 and Kobe 1995) and normal forces applied on the friction dampers. An analytical model was also proposed to compare with the tested damping of the bridge sub-structure with or without FHDs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 1995.06a
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• pp.47-54
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• 1995

Rotary forging process has many advantages such as compacting of machine, low price of facilities and good quality of products. The last presented was a technical report about rotary forging press in the 100-ton class, which has the only orbital motion limited to the forming of axisymmetric parts. In this paper, the newly developed rotary forging press is introduced. The maximum capacity of forming load is 280 ton and five locking motion, this is, orbital, straight pivot, spiral and two kinds of clover can be available. This machine consists of transmission, double eccentric bush, rocking shaft, die set and hydraulic unit. Especially, the supports of rocking shaft and double eccentric bush are so crucial that hydrostatic bearings are adopted. Finally, it is expected that the technical know-how obtained in this research can be applied to the manufacturing of the another machine with large capacity.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.360-372
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• 1998

This study deals with the interaction between buoyancy-induced convection and externally imposed excitation in the form of harmonic rocking and the effect of the interaction upon heat transfer in low-Pr liquids. A wide array of system responses are discussed using the spectral collocation numerical technique. The superposition of buoyancy and Coriolis forces leads to complex fluid flow and heat transfer. The transition to chaotic convection is accelerated, and heat transfer rates are reduced as the enclosure is excited at the fundamental frequency of oscillation associated with the pure buoyancy-driven case. Average heat transfer rates are correlated for Pr=0.02 and 0.03. The heat transfer is affected more in the Pr=0.03 liquid than the case of Pr=0.02.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.45-52
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• 2020

In this study, performance experiments were performed on the shape of steel dampers that affect the rocking behavior. Three types of strut shapes of SI type, SV type and SS type were considered as experimental variables. As a result of the experiment, the capacity to resist the moment and drift ratio according to the strut shape of the steel damper was evaluated as very close. Finally, it was evaluated that the SV type steel damper has stable deformation and energy dissipation capability. As a result of the evaluation of the proposed damper transmission force, it is considered that the damper transmission force is evaluated larger than the applied horizontal force, and it is necessary to supplement it.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.755-763
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• 2002

Multispan simply supported bridges and multispan continuous bridges take a large portion of bridges in Central and Southeastern United Sates. The superstructure of the bridges are supported by steel rocker bearings. In general, the rocker bearings are modeled with ideal rollers or Coulomb fricition in seismic analysis. However, the rocker bearings have rocking action on pintles after rolling some distance. This rocking action may have considerable effect on the seismic performance of bridges. This study compares the effect of expansion rocker bearings models on a multispan simply supported and a multispan continuous bridge. Since the ideal roller model produces larger responses than the rocking model, its use is undesirable. However, the fricition and hardening model does not have much difference from the responses of the rocking model. In addition, the use of the tow models is convenient in seismic analyses of bridges. Although the rocking model can obtain more exact responses, its behavior is complicated and it may induce the conversion problem in time history analysis because it includes the abrupt changing of stiffiness. The friction and hardening model of expansion rocker bearings is therefore recommended in sesismic analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.76-80
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• 1997

ZnSe single crystals were grown by seeded chemical vapor transport in $H_2$ atmosphere. The influence of the growth parameters on the crystal defect was investigated. The grown ZnSe single crystal was characterized by chemical etching, X-ray rocking curve and photoluminescenc e measurements.

• Computational Structural Engineering
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 1993

진동기초의 해석 및 설계에서의 주요사항은 진동하중자체의 특성을 산정하는 것과 기초구조의 수평, 수직, Rocking, Pitching 응답의 해석 및 수평-Rocking이 연계된 운동의 해석이다. 현재 사용되는 진동기초설계의 해석방법은 Reissner(1936)의 반무하지반영역 위에 놓인 원형강판에 대한 해석적 결과를 이용한 여러가지 변형된 방법이 사용되고 있다. 이러한 진동기초의 해석방법은 지반의 모형화하는 방법에 따라 탄성 반무한영역으로 지반을 모형화하는 경우 (Reissner(1936), Shekhter(1948), Sung(1953), Quinlan(1953), 등)와 감쇠-탄성스프링에 의해 지반을 모형화하는 경우 (Lysmer and Richart(1966), Barkan(1962), 등)로 나눌 수 있다. 최근의 실제 설계에는 선형스프링 이론을 바탕으로 하여, 감쇠효과와 진동에 참여하는 흙의 질량영향을 무시하는 Barakan(1962)의 방법이 많이 사용되고 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.89-92
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• 2008

This study investigates the shear behavior of architectural masonry veneer wall reinforced with specific reinforcement details proposed by this study. For this purpose, experimental tests were conducted using one un-reinforced masonry(URM) wall specimen and three reinforced masonry(RM) wall specimens under quasi static cyclic loads. Un-reinforced(plain) masonry wall is expressed that behavior and failure mode are different for aspect ratio(L/H) and axial compressive force. The test variables are wall aspect ratio and presence of reinforcement. These specimens are masonry structure for architectural clading that is not to exist the axial compressive force. thus the axial compressive force is excepted from test variable. Test result, Behavior of specimens are dominated over rocking mode, but final failure modes are combined with different behaviors. And FEMA273 has proposed the equation of shear strength of masonry pier subjected to in-plane loading. Shear strength equations are classified four types of failure mode that is Rocking, and Toe-Crushing, Bed-Joint-Sliding and Diagonal-Tension. FEMA273 equations predict the behavior modes well, but shear strength is shown in different result.