• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.289-300
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 도로터널 화재해석에 적용하는 화재성장곡선을 적용하여 도로터널 화재시 열기류의 전파특성과 터널벽면에 미치는 열적특성을 수치 해석적으로 고찰하였다. 최대화재강도는 20, 100 MW로 하였으며, 터널내 풍속은 2.5 m/s로 유지하는 경우와 열부력에 의한 풍속으로 하는 경우에 대해서 터널연장 및 경사도에 따른 연기의 전파특성을 분석하고 열기류가 벽체에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해서 벽체표면온도와 벽체표면 열전달계수를 분석하였다. 터널내 열기류는 풍속을 2.5 m/s로 하는 경우에 벽체의 냉각효과에 의해서 일정거리 이후에는 급격하게 하강하여 하류까지 동일한 양상으로 흐르는 특성을 보이고 있으며, 벽체표면의 최대온도는 화재강도가 100 MW일 경우에 최대 $615^{\circ}C$까지 상승하고 있으며, 표면온도가 $380^{\circ}C$를 초과하는 면적은 아주 작은 것으로 나타나고 있다. 벽체의 표면열전달계수는 화재강도 및 터널내 풍속에 따라서 변하며 약 $13{\sim}23W/m^{\circ}C$의 범위에 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.111-123
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• 2023

The slope of an open cut tunnel is located above the exit of the Leijia tunnel on the Changgan high-speed railway. During the excavation of the open cut tunnel foundation pit, the slope slipped twice, a large landslide of 92500 m³ formed. The landslide body and unstable slope body not only caused the foundation pit of the open cut tunnel to be buried and the anchor piles to be damaged but also directly threatened the operational safety of the later high-speed railway. Therefore, to study the stability change in the slope of the open cut tunnel under heavy rain and excavation conditions, a 3D numerical calculation model of the slope is carried out by Midas GTS software, the deformation mechanism is analyzed, anti-sliding measures are proposed, and the effectiveness of the anti-sliding measures is analyzed according to the field monitoring results. The results show that when rainfall occurs, rainwater collects in the open cut tunnel area, resulting in a transient saturation zone on the slope on the right side of the open cut tunnel, which reduces the shear strength of the slope soil; the excavation at the slope toe reduces the anti-sliding capacity of the slope toe. Under the combined action of excavation and rainfall, when the soil above the top of the anchor pile is excavated, two potential sliding surfaces are bounded by the top of the excavation area, and the shear outlet is located at the top of the anchor pile. After the excavation of the open cut tunnel, the potential sliding surface is mainly concentrated at the lower part of the downhill area, and the shear outlet moves down to the bottom of the open cut tunnel. Based on the deformation characteristics and the failure mechanism of the landslides, comprehensive control measures, including interim emergency mitigation measures and long-term mitigation measures, are proposed. The field monitoring results further verify the accuracy of the anti-sliding mechanism analysis and the effectiveness of anti-sliding measures.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.113-128
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• 2024

향상된 MMS (Mobile Mapping System)를 이용하여 도로터널 정밀안전진단 항목을 검토하고 분석하였다. MMS에 의한 적용 가능한 항목은 외관조사, 조사 및 비파괴시험, 구조안전성, 유지관리방안일 것이다. MMS의 차량속도가 너무 빠르면 점군데이터의 해상도가 낮아지고 너무 느리면 보정값 오차가 증가하는 경향을 보인다. 본 연구에 적용된 장비에서는 50 km/h 속도에서 측정이 효과적이다. MMS의 점군 자료에 근거한 균열폭을 판단하기에는 한계가 있으나 터널내 설비 현황과 방재관리기준과 부합되는지를 검토할 수있다. MMS의 3차원 점군은 횡단면 측량의 검토 및 종단면 측량의 변화에 적용될 수 있는데 이는 터널 전체에 대해 차량 한계를 직관적으로 검토할 수 있을 것이다. 시험 개수와 조사 위치를 무작위로 선정하는 현재 정밀안전진단의 측정과 비교하여 MMS의 연속된 환경조건 측정은 정밀도 높은 분석에서 효과적이며 의미가 있을 것이다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2006년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.66-75
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• 2006

As construction for road tunnel is increasing, various geotechnical conditions can be faced during the construction stage. Especially, if the tunnel is located in limestone area, many kinds of site investigations such as in-situ boring, electrical resistance survey, TSP(Tunnel Seismic Prediction) and etc., are conducted before and during the construction. By conducting these preliminary tests, location, size, and filling materials in limestone cavities can be approximately estimated. Once some cavities which can be harmful for tunnel safety are predicted, methods for ground reinforcement and tunnel excavation, corresponding those ground conditions, have to be established and verified by measurement data and numerical analysis. If necessary, invert lining should be also considered. In this paper, by studying some cases of tunnels constructed in limestone area, predicted problems during construction and rational countermeasures for those are presented.

• 지질공학
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2007

최근 들어 인구증가와 경제발전에 따른 고속도로의 확장 또는 신설이 급증하고 있고 양호한 노선을 위해 터널 건설도 급속도로 증가하고 있다. 이와 더불어 터널 시공 중 붕괴가 발생할 수 있는 경우도 상대적으로 높아지고 있다. 특히, 도로의 양호한 선형 확보를 위하여 지반조건이 불량한 구간에서 터널 굴착이 증가하므로 적절한 보강공법의 적용 없이 굴착을 실시하는 경우에 붕락이 자주 발생하였다. 본 논문에서는 고속도로 터널 시공 중 보편적인 붕괴 사례를 조사함으로써 다른 지질조건에서의 붕괴원인과 형태 및 적용 보강공법에 대해 분석하고자 한다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제84권5호
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• pp.699-706
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• 2022

Settlement control techniques are critical for the safety of shield tunnel constructions, especially for facing complex situations. In this study, the shield tunnel structure from Huaita east road station to Heping Road station in Xuzhou metro No.3 line (China) is taken as engineering background, which has various complex problems of the upper-soft and lower-hard composite stratum conditions, twin curve shield tunnels, and underpass the foundation of the piled raft. The deformation characteristics of shield tunnelling passing through buildings are explored. Subsequently, comprehensive research methods of numerical simulation and field measurement are adopted to analyzing the effectiveness of settlement control by using the top grouting technique. The results show that the settlement of the buildings has obvious spatial characteristics, and the hysteresis effect can be obviously observed in soil deformation caused by shield construction. Meanwhile, the two shield constructions can cause repeated disturbances, reducing the soil deformation's hysteresis effect. Moreover, the shield tunnel's differential settlement is too large when a single line passes through, and the shield construction of the outer curve can cause more significant disturbance in the tunnel than the inside curve. Notably, the proposed process control parameters and secondary topgrouting method can effectively control the deformation of the shield tunnel, especially for the long-term deformation.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.588-597
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• 2012

In the present study, the dispersion characteristics of hydrogen leakage from a Fuel Cell Vehicle (FCV) were analyzed by numerical simulation in order to assess the risk of a hydrogen leakage incident in a long road tunnel. In order to implement the worst case of hydrogen leakage, the FCV was located at the center of a tunnel, and hydrogen was completely discharged within 63 seconds. The Leakage velocity of hydrogen was adopted sub-sonic speed because that the assumption of the blockage effect of secondary device inside a vehicle. The temporal and spatial evaluation of the hydrogen concentration as well as the flammable region in a road tunnel was reported according to change of ventilation operating conditions. The hydrogen was blended by supply air form a ventilation fan, however, the hydrogen was discharged to outside in the exhaust air. It is observed that the efficiency way to eliminate of hydrogen is supply air operating condition under the hazardous hydrogen leaking incident. The present numerical analysis can be provided useful information of ventilation under the hydrogen leaking situation.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.135-148
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• 2013

최근 도로터널은 장대화되고 있으며 도심지 등의 장대 대심도 도로터널의 계획이 추진되고 있다. 이러한 장대, 대심도 터널 굴착공법은 NATM과 TBM 공법 등이 있으며 유럽에서는 약 80%, 기타 선진국에서도 약 30%의 교통터널에서 Shield TBM 공법을 적용하고 있다. 하지만 국내에서는 대부분의 장비가 외국에서 고가에 수입되고 있어 국내의 TBM 터널 보급률이 상당히 낮아 NATM 굴착방식이 보편적으로 적용되고 있는 실정이다. TBM 터널의 보급을 늘리기 위해서는 TBM 장비의 국내 수급을 통한 경제성의 확보가 필요하며 이를 위해 표준화된 TBM 구경의 선정이 시급한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 도로터널의 표준화된 TBM 최적단면 선정을 위해 교통량에 따라 차로수의 규모 및 내부형상(단층 혹은 복층), 환기방식에 따른 TBM 굴착 내공단면을 활용 방안 등을 검토하여 최적 단면의 산출방안을 제시하고자 하였다.

• 기술사
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.68-74
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• 2000

Until the first stage of the 1990's years, Korean are not concern so much the facilities of traffic tunnel, because of them are the short length and also the quantity of them are not over the several tens in Korea. But, in latest many tunnels has been constructed and are designed in expressway and local national roads. The government office concerned forecast the numbers of tunnel are increased about 300 until the 2003 years, and then we need more interesting about the facilities of tunnel . In the tunnel, the first above of all important facilities is lighting installations which are required much electric energy and continuing maintenance.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.541-549
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• 2013

Objectives: We analyzed the characteristics of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) in road tunnels in Seoul. Methods: Particle matter ($PM_{10}$), elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), and 16 species of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in two road tunnels (NS tunnel and HJ tunnel) were sampled and analyzed from 2007 to 2011. Results: Levels of $PM_{10}$ and carbon ingredients which were mainly emitted from diesel-fueled vehicles showed a declining tendency in both road tunnels. PAHs levels in HJ were declining slightly while PAHs levels in the NS tunnel fluctuated considerably and showed an increasing tendency. Conclusions: These results suggested that the abatement project of diesel vehicle emissions by the Seoul metropolitan government from 2007 has had an impact on the reduction of DVE into the air, though there exist many things to consider for analyses.