• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2015

PURPOSES: The scaling of a concrete surface caused by the combined effects of frost and de-icing salts is one of the main reasons for the need to repair transportation infrastructures in cold-climate regions. This study describes the results of attempts to determine the scaling resistance of concrete incorporating mineral admixtures such as fly ash, GGBFS, and silica fume, and subjected to the actions of frost and salt. METHODS : Conventionally, to evaluate the fundamental properties of concrete, flexural and compressive strength measurements are regularly performed. Based on the ASTM C 672 standard, concrete is subjected to 2%, 4%, and 8% $CaCl_2$ salt solutions along with repeated sets of 50 freeze/thaw cycles, and the scaling resistance was evaluated based on the mass of the scale and a visual examination. RESULTS : It was observed that silica fume is very effective in enhancing the scaling resistance of concrete. Meanwhile, concrete incorporating GGBFS exhibited poor resistance to scaling, especially in the first ten freeze/thaw cycles. However, fly ash concrete generally exhibited the maximum amount of damage as a result of the frost-salt attack, regardless of the concentrations of the solutions. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that the scaling resistance of concrete is highly dependent on the type of the mineral admixture used in the concrete. Therefore, to provide a durable concrete pavement for use in cold-climate regions, the selection of a suitable binder is essential.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.53-63
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• 2013

PURPOSES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the disintegration mechanism of concrete due to the infiltration of the moisture to the milling overlay pavement and to come up with a method to minimize the disintegration as well as verifying the effectiveness of the edge sealing and Fogseal method. METHODS : This study investigated the distress mechanism due to the infiltrated moisture remaining in the milling overlay pavement through chloride freezing test and verified the effectiveness of the sealing of the milling edge and fog seal methods, which have been devised to minimize the moisture infiltration, through laboratory water permeability test. Additionally, long-term pavement performance was compared for the effectiveness of the proposed method through under loading test, and field water permeability test was carried out to verify the field applicability of the proposed method. RESULTS: The result of the research confirmed that chloride deteriorates the concrete surface through disintegration and lowers its strength and that the laboratory moisture infiltration test verified the effectiveness of the milling edge sealing and fog seal methods in the deterrence of moisture infiltration to the overlay pavement with excellent long-term performance of the pavement treated with the proposed method. Although the field water permeability test revealed some deterrence of moisture infiltration of the milling edge sealing and fog seal methods to a certain extent, the difference was a little. CONCLUSIONS: The milling edge sealing and fog seal methods are limited in their effectiveness for the cases of improvident compaction management or mixture with large void, and it is believed that installation of subsurface drainage is more effective in these cases.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2016

PURPOSES: The objective of this study is to determine the milling temperature that minimizes the binder-induced damage to the aggregate; this is achieved by evaluating the temperature dependence of the viscosity of the asphalt binder, with the aim of developing an effective heating process for warm in-place recycling. METHODS : The validity of the indoor test was confirmed by conducting an internal heating test based on the on-site heating test. In addition, the adhesive power of the binder was measured at various temperatures ($30^{\circ}C$, $40^{\circ}C$, $50^{\circ}C$, $60^{\circ}C$, $70^{\circ}C$) via three types of measuring methods. RESULTS: The surface temperature spectrum of field test was slight different with that of laboratory test. But, the spectra of inner temperature between the field and the laboratory was almost similar. Also, the adhesion of the asphalt binder was measured from $30^{\circ}C$ to $70^{\circ}C$. The adhesion of the binder was significantly decreased from $60^{\circ}C$. Contrary to other temperature, the adhesion was slightly changed from $60^{\circ}C$ to $70^{\circ}C$. Also the inner temperature between two different heating methods was shown similar temperature spectra. CONCLUSIONS: The pavement heating temperature spectrum of hot in place recycling method was simulated by a laboratory test. Based on this study, the optimum temperature was $60^{\circ}C{\sim}70^{\circ}C$ for reducing aggregate damage during milling process. The susceptibility heating method developed in this study can be maintained the optimum inner temperature range.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.17-21
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• 2019

국내 한랭지역의 경우 고속도로터널 및 일반도로터널에서 발생하는 동결피해 사례는 조사 및 보고되고 있지만, 이에 대한 방안대책은 미흡한 상황이다. 한랭지역의 경우 영상권을 유지하는 다른 지역들과는 달리 평균온도가 영하로 떨어지는 지역이며, 동일지역 터널 내에서도 기온이 낮은 입출구에서 손상이 좀 더 발생하는 것으로 조사 되었다. 터널 라이닝의 온도저하를 방지하기 위하여 동절기에 라이닝의 온도를 강제로 상승시킬 수 있는 발열체를 제작하였다. 발열체는 실규모 터널의 라이닝에 부착하여 발열체의 열에 의한 터널 라이닝 주변의 온도변화를 측정하였다. 연구결과 발열체의 발열에 의해 라이닝의 온도상승 정도를 확인하였으며, 일정시간이 경과하면 라이닝의 온도상승이 수렴하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 활용하여 동절기 터널라이닝 및 배면의 동결피해를 줄일 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.120-125
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• 2015

도시화의 가속화와 더불어 도심의 교통량의 증가로 도로소음피해를 최소화하기 위하여 방음벽의 설치 수요가 증가하고 있다. 설치되고 있는 여러 형태의 방음벽 중, 반사형 방음패널의 경우 불투명 방음패널과 달리 시야를 가리지 않으므로 방음시설을 요구하는 거주자들에게 인기를 얻고 있다. 하지만 반사형 방음패널의 경우, 반사음에 의한 2차 피해를 유발시켜 피해를 줄일 수 있는 방음벽 개발의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 반사형 방음패널의 전면형상 및 기하학적 형태를 변화시켜 반사음의 전달을 최소화 시킬 수 있는 형상을 연구하였다. 일반형 반사형 방음패널과 형상별 방음패널의 반사소음 저감 효과를 비교 한 결과, 곡선형 방음패널이 1.5 dB의 소음저감 효과가 있었다. 또한, 반사음의 증가 또는 감소는 형상별 설계인자에 따라 변화하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 방음벽 전면 현상에 따른 반사소음의 저감 기술의 가능성을 보여주는 결과라고 판단된다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제32권4A호
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• pp.245-253
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 장대터널이나 지하차도 등에 시공되는 횡류식 환기시스템을 구성하는 내화패널이 부착된 프리캐스트 풍도슬래브의 구조성능을 평가하기 위해서 실물모형 구조실험을 수행하였다. 또한, 내화패널의 휨강도와 Pull-off test를 통하여 내화패널과 슬래브의 부착성능 등의 기초성능을 우선적으로 확인하였다. 실물모형시험은 내화패널과 프리캐스트 PSC 슬래브의 정적 휨성능과 차량의 통행 시 발생하는 표면압력 이상의 하중에 대한 동적피로부착성능을 평가하였다. 동적피로하중 시험에서 내화패널과 PSC 슬래브 사이의 탈락이나 손상은 발생하지 않았으며, 정적재하시험에서도 매우 안정적인 거동을 보였으며, 하부에 부착된 내화패널의 탈락은 발생하지 않았다. 따라서 시공 중이나 시공 후 외부하중에 의해 내화패널의 탈락은 발생하지 않을 것으로 판단된다.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2007

The concrete pavement of the Seohae Highway in Korea has suffered from serious distress, only four to seven years after construction. Deterioration due to Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR) has seldom been reported per se in Korea, because the aggregate used for the cement concrete has been considered safe against alkali-silica reaction so far. The purpose of this study is to examine the deterioration caused by an alkali-silica reaction of concrete pavement in Korea. The investigation methods included visual inspection and Automatic Road Analyzer (ARAN) analysis of surface cracks, coring for internal cracks, stereo microscopic analysis, scanning electronic microscope (SEM) analysis, and electron dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) analysis. The results are presented as follows: the crack pattern of the concrete pavement in Korea was longitudinal cracking, map cracking or D-cracking. Local areas of damage were noticed four to five years after construction. The cracks started from edges or joints and spread out to slabs. The most intensive cracking was observed at the intersection of the transverse and longitudinal joints. Where cracking was the most intense, pieces of concrete and aggregate had spalled away from top surface and joint interface area. The progress of deterioration was very fast. The reaction product of alkali-silica gel was clearly identified by its generally colorless, white, or very pale yellow hue seen through a stereo optical microscopy. The typical locations of the reaction product were at the interface between aggregate and cement paste in a shape of a rim, within aggregate particles in the cracks, and in the large void in the cement paste. Most of the white products were found at interface or internal aggregates. SEM and EDX analysis confirmed that the white gel was a typical reaction product of ASR. The ASR gel in Korea mainly consisted of Silicate (Si) and Potassium (K) from the cement. The crack in the concrete pavement was caused by ASR. It seems that Korea is no longer safe from alkali-silica reaction.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 제20권1호
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• pp.529-532
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• 2008

우리나라에 제설제 피해가 발생하는 곳은 일평균기온이 0$^{\circ}C$이하로 되는 경우이므로 국내에서는 거의 모든 지역이 해당될 수 있다. 따라서, 다소 정도의 차이는 있으나 전국적으로 대부분의 강재 및 콘크리트 구조물이 동결융해 및 염해의 피해를 받고 있다고 볼 수 있다. 현재 주로 사용되고 있는 제설제는 염화물계인 염화칼슘과 소금이나, 이러한 염화물계 제설제를 많이 사용하게 됨에 따라 콘크리트 구조물의 조기 손상 및 환경피해로 인한 유지관리 비용이 크게 증가하고 있다. 따라서, 염화물계 제설제가 대량 살포되고 동결융해에 의한 동해를 받는 적설한랭지에서의 콘크리트 구조물 및 환경에 미치는 심각한 악영향에 대한 대책 방안을 강구하여야 하는 실정이다. 위와같은 취지로서 본 연구에서는 염화물계 제설제의 대체제로 친환경적인 비염화물계 제설제의 적용방안을 검토하기 위하여 강재의 부식 및 콘크리트의 동결융해에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 비염화물계 제설제와 일반 제설제와의 pH 및 유해물질 함유량을 비교하였고 강재부식성 시험 및 동결융해 저항성 시험을 실시하여 그 성능을 평가하였다.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.60-69
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• 2020

연구목적: 공동 성장과정 모니터링은 일반 및 관찰등급을 대상으로 공동의 규모 및 토피의 변화를 주기적으로 관찰하여 공동의 크기 변화를 관측하는 것으로서, 일반 및 관찰등급 공동을 비파괴적인 방법으로 평가하여 체계적인 공동관리방안 수립을 위한 것이다. 연구방법: GPR탐사 장비를 활용하여 취득한 노면영상 및 주변현황 영상을 시험 대상 공동조사서에 표기되어 있는 주변 현황과 GPR 탐사 레이더그램에서 해당위치의 심도별 평면과 종단 및 횡단면을 분석한다. 최초 발견 공동의 노면영상에 나타난 거리와 주변 표식을 활용하여 정확한 위치를 선정하고, 해당위치의 레이더그램을 호출하여 시험 공동을 분석한다. 연구결과: 일반 및 관찰등급의 공동 30개소에서 모니터링 시험을 실시한 결과, 9개소가 복구가 완료되었으며, 시험공동 21개소에서 규모의 변화가 나타났고, 13개소에서 규모 및 등급의 변화가 동시에 발생하였다. 결론: 노면하부 공동은 매설관의 손상, 시공불량, 지하수 유출에 의한 토사유출, 폐기물, 지반진동 등의 다양한 원인으로 발생되나, 장기적인 모니터링을 통한 시험 결과, 지하수 및 국지성 호우 등의 환경적 외부 요인이 주된 영향임을 판단 할 수 있다.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.625-636
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• 2020

Background and objects: Soil contamination caused by CaCl₂ that is used to deice slippery roads in winter is now recognized as one of the major causes of damage of roadside plants. The aim of this study is to identify the salt mitigation effects of planting Chrysanthemum zawadskii and using a soil conditioner. Methods: The study was conducted at the site where Pinus densiflora f. multicaulis was planted on the roadside between Konkuk University Sageori and Danwol Samgeori located in Chungju-si. We classified the soils collected from the field experimental site according to the degree of the damage caused by deicing agents and divided the site into six blocks of three 80 × 80 cm plots replicated by treatment type. Three selected plots were treated with loess-balls on the soil surface (high salinity with loess-balls, medium salinity with loess-balls, low salinity with loess-balls) and three were left as an untreated control (H = high salinity, M = medium salinity, L = low salinity). The soil properties were measured including pH, EC and exchangeable cations as well as the growth of Chrysanthemum zawadskiia. Results: In the results of soil analysis, pH before planting Chrysanthemum zawadskiia was 6.39-6.74 and in September, five months after planting, the acidity was reduced to 5.43-5.89. Electrical conductivity (EC) was measured to be H > M > L with the higher degree of damage by deicing agents. The analysis of deicing exchangeable cations showed that the content of Ca²⁺ of soils were significantly correlated to deicing exchangeable cations (Ca²⁺, Na⁺, Mg²⁺) in the shoot part of Chrysanthemum zawadskii. The loess-ball treatment showed a lower content of deicing exchangeable cations than the treatment where Chrysanthemum zawadskiia was planted. Conclusion: In this study, the use of a new system made of loess-balls is proposed as a soil conditioner to protect soils from the adverse effects of road deicing salts. These data suggest that treatment of soil conditioners and planting Chrysanthemum zawadskiia are effective in mitigation of salt stress on the soils damaged by deicing agents.